MicroRNA (miRNA) is a family of endogenous,non-coding small RNAs molecules that function as gene regulators.It has been revealed that miRNAs may play a critical role in many biological processes including cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.Recent studies demonstrate that aberrant expression of miRNAs can lead to several human diseases even cancer.These tiny but potent molecules have the function as anti-oncogene or oncogene.Accordingly,further study of miRNAs has opened a novel avenue in the diagnosis and treatment of human cancer.

Objective To establish a new method for determination of Pb and Cd in sewage.Methods The contents of Pb and Cd in sewage were simultaneously determined by linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry in0.1mol/L HCl -0.1mol/L KCl solution.Results The peak potentials of Pb and Cd appeared at-588mV and-780mV respectively.The recovery rates and precisions(RSD%)of Pb and Cd were90.0%-110.0%,91%-109.5%and0.41%-4.24%,0.56%-7.03%respectively.The lin-ear range of Pb and Cd was0.005-0.2mg /L.Conclusion This method could be applied for determination of Pb and Cd in sewage.

Objective Effect of artemisinin and its derivatives on multi-drug resistance of tumor cells. Method The inhibition of cell proliferation and RI (reversal index) were determined by MTT method. Results The inhibitory effect of dihydroartemisinin and artemisunate on the proliferation of tumor cell is stronger than that of artemisinin. Artemisinin could partly improve KBv200 cell sensitivity to VCR in different concentrations. Conclusion Artemisunate and dihydroartemisinin effectively inhibited the proliferation of KBv200. Artemisinin could partly improve KBv200 cells sensitivity to chemotherapy medicine.

Some non treatment variables that affect the outcome of a disease are often called covariates. These covariables should be considered in the design and analysis of clinical trials to obtain unbias conclusion. To ensure that any observed treatment effect is not influenced by an imbalances in baseline characteristics, both preadjustment and postadjustment are provided in the design stage and analysis stage of the trials respectively. They can improve the credibility of the trial results and increase the statistical efficiency. Based on a few papers published about adjustment for covariates and some documentations of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), we review the concepts, methods and procedures for adjustment of treatment effects for the influence of covariates. The statistical issues on the application of adjustment are especially discussed in great depth.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between intratumor microvessel density (IMVD) and lymph node micrometastases. Method: IMVD and lymph node micrometastases were stained with CD105 and CK19 antibody by immunohistochemical method of SABC respectively. Result:IMVD marked with CD105 antibody corre-lated with T stage and lymph node micrometastases(P<0.01). Conclusion: The result show that IMVD marked with CD105 antibody highly correlated with lymph node micrometastases. It could be a index to evaluate the prog-nosis of patients with pN_0 supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effects of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dc),a methylation inhibitor,on the proliferation of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer line (LNCaP),and on its regulation of methylation on glutathione s transferaseP1 (GSTP1) and retinoic acid receptorβ2 (RARβ2) gene.Methods LNCaP cells were treated with 5-Aza-dc in different concentration,CCK8 method was used to detect the growth of LNCaP cells.The methylation of GSTP1 and RARβ2 gene in LNCaP cell was detected by nested methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (nMSP).Results The proliferation of LNCaP cells was inhibited after exposed to 5-Aza-dc.The methylation of GSTP1 and RARβ2 gene was changed from hypermethylation to demethylation by the 5-Aza-dc.These effects were dose-and time-dependent within certain concentration of 5-Aza-dc,but LNCaP cells grew better after 72 h than within 48 h when exposed to 5 Aza dc below 1.0 μmol/L.Also the methylation of GSTP1 and RARβ2 gene changed from hypermethylation to demethylation by the 5-Aza-dc was not different when exposed to 5-Aza-dc below 1.0 μmol/L within 72 h and 48 h.Conclusions 5-Aza-dc may effectively inhibit the growth of LNCaP cells and reverse the DNA methylation damage in some tumor suppressor genes,but the continuity and stability of low dose 5-Aza-dc is changeable.The study will provide a research basis for clinical treatment.

This study is to investigate the influence and mechanism of action of asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) and the induced oxidative stress level on Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidence. ADMA concentration, nitric oxide, Abeta(40)/Abeta(42) ratio, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity and the concentrations of the induced free radicals including malondialdehyde (MDA), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 34 neurologically normal controls and 37 AD patients were quantitatively determined and statistically compared. The results showed that the ADMA concentration significantly decreased in AD patients, and it showed negative correlation with the NO, iNOS activity, and showed positive correlation with MMSE score. ADMA concentration was negatively correlated with Abeta(40)/Abeta(42) ratio (P<0.01) with the observation that Abeta(40)/Abeta(42) ratio increased while ADMA level decreased in CSF in AD patients. The concentration levels of MDA, 3-NT and ROS significantly increased compared with the control with all the P values less than 0.05. These findings suggested that the ADMA disorder and the oxidative damage effect of the induced free radicals in CSF of AD patients are an important mechanism of AD incidence, and their joint regulation may provide new idea for the prevention and clinical treatment of AD.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the teaching model and method of pharmacy case analysis writing in standardized clinical pharmacist training. METHODS:Based on the training experience in our hospital,the purpose,contents,common problems and summary of pharmacy case analysis writing were analyzed. RESULTS:The aim of pharmacy case analysis writing was to cultivate students’pharmaceutical thinking and the ability to solve real-world pharmaceutical problems. The key was to reflect the clinical pharmacist’s role in the event. The common problems included inappropriate selection of topics,insufficient evidence in discus-sion,and unclear organization of contents,where teachers should pay more attention to. CONCLUSIONS:Improving the teaching of pharmacy case analysis writing can improve the quality of clinical pharmacy student’s case analysis and cultivate their practical skills.