Cerebellar arteries and their branches injected with red latex were observed on 50 adult human brains with the naked eye and stereomicroscope. The external and internal diameters of the arteries and the thickness of their walls were measured.According to the distribution, we named the middle inferior cerebellar artery as anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and the long stem type of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery as the posterior infericr cerebellar artery. So that, there are only three pairs of cerebellar arteries: the superior, the anterior inferior and the posterior inferior arteries. Each of the three arteries may be single-branched double-branched or wanting. So the number of the cerebellar arteries is inconstant. The origins of these arteries are variable and the majority of the abnormal sites of origin are situated adjacent to the normal site rostrally. The arterial distributions on both sides are mostly unsymmetrical. These arteries anastomose with each another. If the anterior inferior cerebellar artery is absent the other two arteries of the same side compensate for its loss. While the posterior inferior cerebellar artery is absent or thin it will be compensated for not only by the others of the same side but also by the branches from the corresponding artery of the opposite side. Concerning the diameter of these arteries, the superior cerebellar artery is the largest; the posterior inferior cerebellar artery comes next and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery is the smallest. The blood flow of the inferior surface of the cerebellum, supplied by the posterior inferior artery together with the anterior inferior artery is more abundant than that of the superior surface supplied only by the superior artery.Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries may be classified into two types:deep situated and superficial siluated types. The latter takes 36.8%. It can easily be found and safely operated when performing the operation of anastomosing the posterior inferior cerebellar artery with the occipital artery.

Objective To investigate if the physician's attending could improve the compliance of knee osteoarthritis patients with community exercise therapy.Methods The Questionnaire of Community Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Disorder was developed.The knee osteoarthritis patients with or without physicians' attending were surveyed anonymously 3 month after exercise.Results The incidence of compliance in exercise was 87.65% in patients with the physicians' attending,and 70.37% without attending(P<0.05).Conclusion The physicians' attending may improve the compliance of knee osteoarthritis patients in community exercise therapy.

Surface electromyography (sEMG), as an objective and quantitive assessment tool, has been used to evaluate the hand neural- muscle dysfunction after stroke in recent years. This paper reviews related literatures in nearly 10 years, which mainly introduced the common parameters of sEMG for the hand neural-muscle function, focused on the application of sEMG to estimate hand neural-muscle dysfunction after stroke.

Objective To introduce an improved method of continuous intradermal suture,and to evaluate its clinical efficacy for the closure of surgical incisions.Methods Eighty-two patients were enrolled in this study,including 37 cases of nevus,10 cases of basal cell carcinoma,16 cases of sebaceous cyst,6 cases of lipoma,8 cases of seborrheic keratosis,3 cases of dermatofibroma and 2 cases of depressed scar.All the patients were managed by simple surgical excision with the shortest length of postoperative incisions being 0.8 cm and the longest length being 12 cm.An improved method of continuous intradermal suture was used for the closure of all the postoperative incisions.Specifically,an absorbable thread with a small triangle needle in both ends was inserted through and pulled out from the dermal layer at one side of the incision,and then inserted through and pulled out from the dermal layer at the opposite side of the incision,which was repeated until the incision was entirely closed.Results Among the 82 patients,80 achieved primary healing,and 2 developed erythematous painful swelling at the incision site 2 days after the operation,which disappeared after symptomatic treatment for 5 days.During 3-6 months of follow-up,the incisions closed leaving a flat and smooth surface in 78 patients,and proliferative scar formed in 4 patients,which was obviously improved after local injection with glucocorticoids.No disruption of incisions was observed.Conclusion The improved method of continuous intradermal suture can be applied to the closure of skin defects in the face,neck,trunk and extremities with a favorable healing outcome and cosmetic result.

Objective To study the relationship between knee osteoarthritis progression and the ration of fat,lean,or bone mineral content(BMC).Methods 36 joints of knee with osteoarthritis in 31 women were divided into two groups according to the knee joint space,joint space narrowing group and non-narrowing group.The body mass index(BMI)was calculated.The X-ray(weight bearing)of knee joint was taken.The fat,lean,BMC and mass of leg were detected with the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA).Results There was no distinct difference between sides and age distribution for the tested groups(P>0.05).The BMI and fat/mass ratio of leg in the joint space narrowing group were obviously higher than that of the non-narrowing group(P<0.05),while the lean/mass ratio of leg in the joint space narrowing group was distinctly lower than that of the non-narrowing group(P<0.05).Conclusion The deterioration of the female knee osteoarthritis can be mainly attributed to the increase of the BMI and fat/mass ratio as well as the decrease of the lean/mass ratio of leg.

Objective To investigate the effects of different treatment modes on the prognosis of patients with severe trauma.Methods The general data of 396 patients with severe trauma [injurey severity scores (ISS) ≥25] in our hospital emergency for treatment from January 1,2008 to January 1,2012 was collected.The trauma patients were divided into study group and control group.In the study group,the trauma patients were cared by emergency physician of our hospital for pre-hospital treatment during transportation by ambulance since January 1,2010.In the control group,the trauma patients were served with traditional pre-hospital emergency care by the 120 and 999 before January 1,2010.The injury severity score,medical care and outcomes were recorded in trauma database and the efficiency and quality of medical care were compared between two groups.Results The emergency treatment time,length of hospital stays,ICU admission rate,prehospital mortality rate,long-term (6 months) disability rate,and complication rate in the study group were lower than those in the control group,presenting (78.23 ± 21.57) min vs.(96.45 ± 35.14) min,(23.55±12.46) dvs.(28.67±20.72) d,8.1％ (18/222)vs.65.5％ (114/174),13.3％ (34/256) vs.21.6％ (48/222),4.1％ (9/222)vs.9.2％ (16/174),8.1％ (18/222)vs.18.4％ (32/174),in which the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Hospital mortality in the study group was also lower than that in the control group,showing 8.1％ (18/222) vs.12.6％ (22/174),but there was no statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in time from occurrence of injury to receiving treatment between the two groups.Conclusion Emergency physicians-cared mode had advantages to improve treatment success rates and reduce mortality in patients with multiple trauma compared with the current conventional emergency mode.It is a good alternative emergency mode.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin and rivaroxaban in the preven-tion of deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery. METHODS:Totally 276 patients with high risk factors after spinal surgery were randomly divided into control group and observation group. The patients in the two groups were used elastic stockings to physi-cally prevent deep venous thrombosis from the postoperative first day to continue 3 months;based on it,control group was subcuta-neously injected with 1 low molecular weight heparin from the postoperative first day,once a day. Observation group was orally treated with 1 Rivaroxaban tablet,once every night. The treatment course for 2 groups was 2 weeks. The clinic data was observed, including clinical efficacy,superficial femoral vein diameter(FSV),popliteal vein diameter(POPV),prothrombin time(PT),fi-brinogen degradation products(FIB)and D- dimer(DD)before and after treatment,incidence of deep venous thrombosis and ad-verse reactions. RESULTS:There were no significant differences in the total effective rate and deep venous thrombosis and inci-dence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). After 3 months,compared with before,there were no significant differences in the FSV and POPV between 2 groups (P>0.05);POPV in control group was significantly lower than before and observation group, there was statistical significance(P<0.05). After 1 week,compared with before,there was no significant difference in the PT be-tween 2 groups(P>0.05);the FIB and D-D were significantly higher than before,there was statistical significance(P<0.05), however,there were no significant differences between 2 groups(P>0.05);after 4 weeks,PT in 2 groups was significantly high-er than before,there was statistical significance(P<0.05),however,there were no significant differences between 2 groups(P>0.05);FIB and D-D were significantly higher than before,and observation group was lower than control group,there was statisti-cal significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Both efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin and rivaroxaban in the pre-vention of deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery are good. However,rivaroxaban is better than low molecular weight heparin in improving blood coagulation function.

Objective To observe the dynamics of F1 antibody and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in cats after vaccinated Yersinia pestis,to discuss the significance of detection of F1 antibody and IgM in surveillance of animal plague.Methods The 3 cats were vaccinated Yersinia pestis on their backs with muhipoint hypodermic injection and blood samples were collected via femoral vein on 3rd to 521st days after injection.F1 antibody was detected by sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and IgM of F1 antibody was determined with a capture antibody.Results After vaccinated Yersinia pestis for 3rd days,F1 antibody and IgM appeared slightly positive,with the titer of 1 ∶ 22.00 and 1 ∶ 20.33,respectively.The titer of F1 antibody increased to 1 ∶ 25.33 on the 4th day,and reached the peak of 1 ∶ 29.67 on the 97th day,kept 1 ∶ 25.33 on the 521st day.While the titer of IgM reached peak of 1 ∶ 212.00 on the 7th to 10th days,and decreased rapidly to below the positive standard on the 30th day.Conclusions Detection of F1 antibody in cats with plague by sandwich ELISA can trace plague prevalence in animals back to a long time,which may be applied for investigation of plague foci.A single serum sample can determine early animal plague with a capture antibody to detect IgM of F1 antibody in cat with the plague,and a single serum sample tested with the two methods at the same time for detection of F1 antibody and IgM can precisely verify the infection time of plague in animals for 3 to 7 days.

Purpose To investigate the relation of Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV) infections and malignant lymphoma. Methods EBV-co-ded RNA ( EBER) was detected by in situ hybridization in tumor tissue of 81 cases of malignant lymphoma in oral, maxillofacial and neck regions, with analysis of the clinical pathological features. Results The detection frequencies of EBER was 44. 44%. The posi-tive detection of EBER in Hodgkin′s lymphomas was 40% and that in non-Hodgkin lymphomas was 45. 1%, including 75% in T cell lymphomas, 87. 5% in NK/T cell lymphomas and 2. 9% in B-cell lymphoma. The positive rates of EBER in T cell lymphomas and NK/T cell lymphomas were significantly higher than that in B-cell lymphoma (P<0. 05). There was a significant difference in the pos-itive rates of EBER between intra-nodal ( 17. 9%) and extra-nodal ( 58. 5%) lymphomas ( P<0. 05 ) . But there was no significant difference the positive rates of EBER between in lymphoma patients over 50 years of age and under the age of 50 patients (55. 9%) (P>0. 05). Conclusion Oral and maxillofacial and neck lymphoma is closely associated with EBV infection in Guangxi region, espe-cially, in which NK/T cell lymphoma most typically occurs in extra-nodal diffuse lymphoid tissues.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of P-selectin in colorectal cancer cells. Methods The protein expression of P-selectin was detected by immunohistochemistry in colorectal cancer tissues ( n=116) and corresponding non-tumor normal mucosa(n=57). The differences of P-selectin expression in colorectal cancer tissues, corre?sponding non-tumor normal mucosa and the clinical pathological significance were compared and analysed in two groups. Results The expression of P-selectin protein was found not only in vascular endothelial cells but also in colorectal cancer cells. The positive rate of P-selectin expression was apparently higher in colorectal cancer cells (77.6%, 90/116) than that in normal mucosa (17.5%, 10/57,χ2=56.49, P<0.05). However, there were no significance in positive rates of P-selectin in colorectal cancer cells between tumors with different diameters, different degrees of differentiation, different depths of infiltration and with or without lymph node metastasis (80.6%vs. 74.1%, 79.0%vs. 74.3%, 78.4%vs. 76.9%, 82.7%vs. 73.4%, P>0.05). Conclusion The high expression of P-seletin in colorectal cancer cells is an important characteristic of colorectal cancer.