This is to retrospectively review and summarize the ultrasonic images of 214 patients who were diagnosed as clonorchiasis and received treatment. The major changes in ultrasonography were found in gallbladder and hepatic bile duct. Flocculent echos in the gallbladder were the characteristic feature,which disappeared after chemotherapy. The wall of hepatic bile duct became thicker and shaggy in most patients. These changes improved quite slowly after treatment. Ultra-sonography is of value in the diagnosis of clonorchiasis sinensis

OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of fibrobronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage in etiologic diagnosis of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients.METHODS The clinical document and results of fibrobronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage in 36 immunocompromised patients with pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed,whose conditions were mainly after organ transplantation and hematologic neoplasia.RESULTS Through fibrobronchoscopy and(or) bronchoalveolar lavage,22 cases(61.1%) were etiologically diagnosed.In 19 cases taking cytomegalovirus(CMV) quantitative PCR test of both peripheral blood and BALF,the positive rate of blood and BALF was 14.3% and 42.9%,respectively(P

Objective To improve the understanding and diagnosis of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (PLAM) by the comprehensive review of domestic literatures in the past ten years.Methods Three new cases with PLAM were reported and integraed with other 45 cases reported domestically in the past ten years for analysis of their clinical features.Results The newly reported three cases of PLAM were all women at child-bearing age, with initial symptom of dyspnea after activity. Two of them complicated with extra-pulmonary PLAM. All the three cases were free of chylous effusion. Forty-seven of 48 cases with PLAM were pathologically diagnozed, with ages of onset of 5~69 (mean?s of 34?10) years. Their clinical manifestations were mainly respiratory, including dyspnoea (95.8%), haemoptysis (52.1%), pneumothorax (45.8%), chylous effusion (33.3%),cough (31.3%) and chest pain (12.5%). Abnormal manifestations in abdomen, including renal mass, retroperitoneal mass and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, were detected in 16 cases. Thirty-nine cases had their high-resolution CT (HRCT) examined and appearance of multiple cysts distributed throughout the bilateral lung fields could be discerned in 38 of them. Obstructive ventilation disturbance could be observed in 23 of 30 cases with the data or conclusions on pulmonary function tests, and mixed ventilation disturbance in seven cases. Respiratory failure was complicated in 17 of 28 cases with the data of arterial blood gas analyses.Conclusions HRCT had confirmative value for diagnosis of PLAM. In practice, HRCT, as well as other routine abdominal and pelvic imaging examinations, should be performed in time for child-bearing-age women with progressive dyspnoea, haemoptysis, or spontaneous pneumothorax, to detect if they complicate with PLAM.

Objective To explore the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis and classification of traumatic spleen rupture , as compared with enhanced CT. Methods The manifestations of contrast-enhanced ultrasound on surgically or clinically confirmed spleen rupture in 40 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound on diagnosis and classification was compared with that of enhanced CT. Results For 40 patients with traumatic spleen rupture , the of accuracy of enhanced CT and contrast-enhanced imaging in the diagnosis of traumatic spleen rupture was 97.5%, with no significant statistical differences (chi-square = 0, P = 1). On contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination, 14 patients were diagnosed as true splenic rupture , 9 as subcapsular spleen rupture , and 16 as central splenicrupture, with a accuracy rate of 92.5% (37/40); and accuracy rate for enhanced CT was 90.0% (36/40), there was no significant statistical difference (chi-square = 1.97, P > 0.05). Conclusions Contrast-enhanced and enhanced CT have good consistency in the diagnosis and classification of traumatic spleen rupture. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can accurately determine the scope and degree of spleen damage , resulting in more accurate classification; and it has values in the diagnosis of traumatic spleen rupture and choice of therapies.

OBJECTIVETo assess the risk factors correlating to the likelihood for airflow obstruction among first-degree children of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and whether familial aggregation of pulmonary function abnormality exists.

METHODSFifty-nine smokers with COPD and 28 smokers without COPD as control and all their children available were recruited into the study. Their history was recorded and a binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to ascertain the effects of their relationship to a proband with COPD, when other potential risk factors were controlled.

RESULTSChildren with COPD probands showed increased risk of FEV1 below the 70% predicted (OR = 1.987) after accounting for the effects of smoking, sex and clinical symptoms. The lower the pulmonary function of the COPD proband, the higher the risk to their children for FEV1 below the 70% predicted.

CONCLUSIONSOur finding demonstrates the presence of a household aggregation inclination of COPD and pulmonary function impairment. Genetic factors might act as the basis of the familial aggregation.

Aged ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Flow Rates ; Humans ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Male ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Regression Analysis ; Smoking

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) ,vitamin D receptor (VDR ) ,beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1 ) ,Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 ) gene polymorphismand Crohn′s disease (CD) in Chinese Han population .MethodsFrom January 2007 to May 2011 ,thedata and serum samples of 158 CD patients and 246 healthy controls were collected .The genotype of 14tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of IRF5 ,VDR ,DEFB1 and TLR4 were detected .Chi-squaretest was performed for rate comparison between CD group and healthy control group . Multifactordimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to analyze the combined effects of above candidate genes and therelation with susceptibility of CD .ResultsAccording to allele or genotype correlation analysis ,there wasno correlation between IRF5 ,VDR ,DEFB1 ,TLR4 and susceptibility of CD (all P> 0 .05) .The resultsof haplotype correlation analysis indicated that the frequency of GTACC haplotype in IRF5 of CD groupand healthy control group was 0 .046 and 0 .089 ,respectively ,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 5 .223 ,P= 0 .022 3) .The results of genotype and clinical type analysis indicated that the genotypesof rs2978880 of DEFB1 in CD patients were C/C ,C/T ,T/T ,the frequency of patients with surgery was0 .235 ,0 .603 and 0 .162 ,respectively ,and the frequency of patients without surgery was 0 .482 ,0 .388and 0 .129 ,respectively .The risk of intestinal surgery in patients with C /C genotype was lower (χ2 =10 .065 ,P= 0 .006 ) .The results of MDR analysis indicated that no interactions were detected betweenabove genes and susceptibility of CD (all P > 0 .05) .ConclusionsThe GTACC haplotype in IRF5 wascorrelated with the susceptibility of CD ,and the C/C genotype of rs2978880 of DEFB1 was correlatedwith CD clinical phenotype in Chinese Han population .

Purpose To observe white matter structure features of patients with early stage (Hoehn-Yahr 1-2 phase) Parkinson''s disease (PD) by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based on the fiber bundle analysis tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS); and to explore the brain regions of PD patients in which DTI parameters are significantly correlated with unified Parkinson''s disease rating scale (UPDRS) score elevation. Materials and Methods DTI sequence was performed on 27 cases of PD and 30 cases of healthy volunteers. DTI parameters including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were analyzed in all participants by using TBSS technique, and the parameters of two groups were compared. The correlation of clinical UPDRS score with FA value, MD and RD value in the PD group were analyzed.Results Compared with that in the control group, FA values of several brain regions in PD group decreased, while MD and RD value increased (P<0.05). AD showed no obvious change (P>0.05). UPDRS score of PD group was correlated with FA, MD and RD value (P=0.001). The brain regions that showed FA value decreased, MD and RD value increased included corpus callosum, left anterior limb of internal capsule, bilateral anterior radial crown, bilateral superior radial crown and left posterior thalamic radiation (P=0.001).Conclusion There is some changes in white matter structure of the patients with early stage Parkinson''s disease, which may due to demyelination or fiber integrity damaged.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effect of one-way barbs line (absorbable sutures v - locTM180) in primary suturing of laparoscopic choledocholithotomy. Methods From July 2014 to June 2015, clinical data of 86 cases performed primary suturing in laparoscopic choledocholithotomy by the same performer were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups, One-way barbs line continuous full-thickness suture group (A group), ordinary absorption line continuous full-thickness suture group (B group) and ordinary absorption line discontinuous full-thickness suture group (C group). The bile duct suture needed time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative eating time, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative bile fistula were compared. Results All the 86 cases underwent successful operation without T tube, and none of them received alternative open operation. Compared with group B and C, time needed for bile duct suturing in A group have statistical significance. There was no significant difference in the intraoperative blood loss, postoperative eating time, postoperative hospital stay between the three groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative bile fistula in A group were none. The incidence of postoperative bile fistula in B group was 1 case, the incidence of postoperative bile fistula in C group was 2 cases.Conclusions The method of one-way barbs line continuous full-thickness suture were simple and secure in primary suturing of laparoscopic choledocholithotomy.

A new chitosan derivative is prepared using chitosan.Ethyl chlorocarbonate was first introduced to the hydroxyl group of phthaloylchitosan through a nucleophilic reaction.Hydrazine was then added to recover the amino groups of chitosan and promote cross-linking.The structure of this new chitosan derivative was characterized by Fourier transform infrared（FT-IR）and proton nuclear magnetic resonance（1H NMR）spectroscopy,and its physical properties were determined by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）,and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）.The thermal and chemical stabilities of the new derivative were improved compared with those of native chitosan.Assay of Escherichia coli adhesion on a film based on this chitosan derivative showed good adsorption and biofilm formation.

0.05).After the EN,the level of blood total protein,albumin and prealbumin significantly increased(P