Aging ; psychology ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Learning ; drug effects ; Male ; Memory ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the value of DNA quantitative analysis in diagnosis of breast tumor.Methods The data of 128 cases diagnosed with breast disease from Feb.2005 to Jan.2006 in Department of Pathology in Wuhan Center Hospital were collected,among whom 72 cases had benign breast lesion,10 cases had boundary breast lesion and 46 cases had malignant breast disease.Automated DNA imaging cytometry was used to identify DNA indexes of the 128 cases.Results The positive rate was 1.39％ (1/72),30.00％ (3/10) and 78.26％ (36/46) respectively in benign breast lesion,boundary breast lesion and malignant breast disease.The difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).In invasive ductal breast cancer,the positive rate was 57.14％ (4/7),76.47％ (13/17) and 100％ (18/18) respectively for breast cancer of grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Conclusion Automated DNA imaging cytometry is of some value in analyzing the malignant grade of breast cancer and predicting the prognosis of breast diseases.

Objective To observe the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) on the activation of monocytes induced by high glucose and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods The monocyte cell line THP-1 was stimulated with high glucose,and then treated with molecular chaperone betaine.The levels of glucose regulation protein 78 (GRP78) and p-JNK,which were associated with ERS were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting.The proliferation of the cell line was detected by MTT method.Transwell and immunofluorescence were applied to observe the chemotaxis and phenotype of cells respectively.Results The levels of GRP78 and p-JNK of THP-1 cells stimulated by high glucose were significantly increased compared with the normal control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The proliferation and chemotactic were also enhanced (all P ＜ 0.05).The number of cells in M1 phenotype was increased remarkably (P ＜ 0.05).All the indexes above could be rescued by betaine.Conclusion The activation of THP-1 cells can be induced by high glucose through ERS,while molecular chaperone betaine can reverse the activation.

Objective To investigate the analgesic effect of salmon calcitonin(sCT)and its effect on expression of calcitonin receptor(CT-R)in periaqueductal gray(PAG). Methods Rat models of neuropathic pain were prepared by chronic constriction injury(CCI). Thermal withdrawal latency(TWL)and mechanical nociceptive threshold(MNT)were measured using hot plate test and yon Frey monofilaments test. The distribution of CT-R in PAG was detected by immunohistochemical method. CT-R protein was quantitatively determined by western blotting. Fourty male SD rats were randomized into 5 groups: normal group, sham-CCI group, CCI group, CCI plussubcutaneous sCT group, and CCI plus microinjection of sCT into PAG group. Results TWL, MNT, andexpression of CT-R in PAG showed no difference between normal group and sham-CCI group(P＞0. 05). TWL and MNT in CCI group were significantly lower than those in normal group(P＜0.05), and expression of CT-R in CCI group was significantly higher than that in normal group(P＜0.05). TWL, MNT and expression of CT-R in CCI rats increased significantly after sCT therapy(P＜0. 05), and the effect was more marked in PAG injection group than subcutaneous injection group(P＜0.05). Conclusions sCT raises the pain threshold and increase the expression of CT-R in PAG of CCI rats, while PAG injection showed more marked effect than subcutaneous injection.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Tiangui Gengnian soft capsule (TGC), which mainly consists of seabuckthorn fatty acid, on serum estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER) in multiple target tissues as uterus, liver and bone, in aged female rats, in order to explore its mechanism from the aspects of receptor and cytokines.

METHODSLow (0.72 g/kg), middle (1.80 g/kg) and high (4.50 g/kg) dose of TGC were administered by gastrogavage to young and aged (22 months old) female rats with osteoporosis for 45 days, and diethylstilbestrol (0.02 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. The levels of serum estradiol (E2), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were measured by radioimmunoassay and ELISA method, the protein expression of their receptor in bone, uterus and liver was detected by SABC immunohistochemistry, and the mRNA expression of E2 in uterus and liver detected by in situ hybridization with digoxin probe.

RESULTSIntervention of TGC could cause increase of serum E2, IGF-1 and TGF-beta1 levels, the TGF-beta1 reached 90.63 +/- 18.71 pg/L in the group administered with high dose, which was significantly different to that in the aged group (P < 0.01). There was no obvious effect of the mRNA expression of E2 in uterus and liver, and no effect of TGF-beta1 and IGF-1 in liver in rats.

CONCLUSIONTGC could improve the postmenopausal bone metabolism, alleviate and correct the bone loss, it is possibly realized by way of side-secreting/auto-secreting of E2 receptor and cytokines (TGF-beta1 and IGF-1) to improve the osteogenesis and inhibit the destruction of bone.

Animals ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Bone and Bones ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 ; blood ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; blood

The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established and validated within the framework of quality by design (QbD). The system of microcrystalline cellulose-de-ioned water was used in this study. The median granule size and bulk density of granules were identified as critical quality attributes. Plackeet-Burmann experimental design was used to screen these factors as follows: dry mixing time, the impeller and chopper speed of dry mixing, water amount, water addition time, wet massing time, the impeller and chopper speed of wet massing and drying time. And the optimization was implemented with the central composite experimental design based on screened critical process parameters. The design space of the high shear wet granulation process was established based on the quadratic polynomial regression model. Since the P-values of both models were less than 0.05 and values of lack of fit were more than 0.1, the relationship between critical quality attributes and critical process parameters could be well described by the two models. The reliability of design space, illustrated by overlay plot, was improved with the addition of 95% confidence interval. For those granules whose process parameters were in the design space, the granule size could be controlled within 250 to 355 μm, and the bulk density could be controlled within a range of 0.4 to 0.6 g x cm(-3). The robustness and flexibility of the high shear wet granulation process have been enhanced via the establishment of the design space based on the QbD concept.
Cellulose ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Water

Objective To analyze the drug resistance status of mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with double immunization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) by phage bioassay (PhaB),and to optimize the control strategy.Methods One hundred and twelve cases of HIV/TB infected patients.in Chongqing Ninth People's Hospital were treated with PhaB method,and the drug susceptibility testing results were compared with 208 cases of simple pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Results The anti-tuberculosis drug resistance rate of HIV/TB patients was lower than that of simple pulmonary tuberculosis patients.The resistance rates of 5 common anti-tuberculosis drugs in HIV/TB patients were 7.14％ of isoniazid (INH),7.14％ of pyrazinamide (PZA),5.36 ％ of rifampicin(RFP) streptomycin(SM),and 4.46 ％ of ethambutol (EMB),compared with simple pulmonary tuberculosis(resistance rates of RFP were 17.31％,IN H 13.46 ％,PZA 11.54 ％,EMB 10.58 ％,SM 9.62 ％),RFP resistance rate of HIV/TB infected patients was lower(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between two groups in the other four anti-tuberculosis drug(P＞0.05).The coincidence rate with the absolute concentration method were INH 96.4％,RFP 98.2％,PZA 96.4％,EMB 93.8％ and SM 96.4％,respectively.Conclusion The resistance rate of mycobacterium tuberculosis to RFP in patients with HIV/TB infection in this region is lower than that in patients with common pulmonary tuberculosis,which is related to the good medication compliance of these patients.PhaB has the characteristic of fast,simple,without special equipment,it can be used as a rapid screening of mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance method.

Three butylphthalide derivatives were isolated from the Rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong using a series of isolation and purification approaches including macroporous resin, ODS-A column, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. These structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and NMR) and identified as (3Z,3aE)-(6R,7R,2'S)-6-hydroxy-7-(2-carboxyl-2-hydroxyethylthio)-3-(2-hydroxybutylidene)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-phthalide (1), (3Z,3aZ)-3-butylidene-6,7-dihydroxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-phthalide 7-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructo-furanoside (2) and 3-(3-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-butylidene)-7-hydroxy-phthalide (3).

OBJECTIVETo examine the changes of osteocalcin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) during bone lengthening, and to clarify the mechanism of bone healing.

METHODSThirty-two shepherd dogs were divided into five groups randomly. Their tibiae were lengthened by Ilvzarov's external fixator at the rate of 1 mm/day. The lengthening area was the experimental side and the opposite side was the control. Samples were obtained on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 12th weekend respectively. The samples were defatted, dried, powdered, centrifuged and measured by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTSThe osteocalcin concentration increased at the subsequent periods, but it was significantly lower in the experimental side than that of the control side, P<0.05 and the IGF-I concentration was not significantly lowered.

CONCLUSIONSDifferent noncollagenous bone growth factors may be different at different stage.

Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; Bone Lengthening ; methods ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Female ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; analysis ; metabolism ; Male ; Osteocalcin ; analysis ; metabolism ; Probability ; Radioimmunoassay ; Random Allocation ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Tibia ; surgery