Lipids of Thamnidium elegans,Mortierella ramanninace,Rhizopus arrhizus,Pythium irregulare and Rhodotorulla aurantiaca were extracted by Soxhlet extraction,supercritical-CO 2 fluid extraction,acid-heating extraction and organic solvent extraction,respectively.Four extraction methods were evaluated on sample treatment,minimum sample quantity,requirements of apparatus,ability of treating sample and content of lipid.The components of fatty acids were analysed by gas chromatography.Soxhlet extraction can acquired maximum lipid content,but it took the most time.Supercritical-CO 2 fluid extraction and acid-heating extraction has a same lipid content which was lower than that of Soxhlet extraction.Acid-heating extraction was the most handy,and its ability to treat sample in a hour was the most powerful.Organic solvent extraction was less efficient.Acid-heating extraction was a simple and efficient method of fungi lipid extraction fitting to breed mutant strains that highly producting lipid and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

OBJECTIVETo study the antioxidation activity and protective effect of ginger oil on DNA damage.

METHODChemical light assay was used to detect the oxygen radicals scavenging capacity of ginger oil. The erythrocyte oxidation damage was induced by H2O2. The effect of ginger oil on oxidative erythrocyte was observed by the colorimetric analysis assay, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in rabit hepatocyte was measured. The anaylsis of DNA damage was made with single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE) technique.

RESULTGinger oil might decrease light value compared with control group and inhibited erythrocyte oxidation damage. Compared with that in control group, the degress of DNA damage reduced significantly in the protected groups. Ginger oil might decrease the content of MDA remarkably and inhitibition rate was 48.16%.

CONCLUSIONGinger oil has dominantive protective effect on DNA damage induced by H2O2. Ginger oil might act as a scavenger of oxygen radical and might be used as an antioxidant.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; Ginger ; chemistry ; Hemolysis ; drug effects ; Humans ; Liver ; metabolism ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Plant Oils ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the potential protective effects of valproic acid (VPA) on gut barrier function after major burn injury in rats and its mechanism.Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into sham + normal saline (NS),sham + VPA,scald + NS,and scald + VPA groups,with 10 rats in each group.Rat with 55％ total body surface area (TBSA) third-degree severe-bums model was reproduced by immersing into 80 ℃ water,and the rats in sham groups were given sham-bums by immersing into 37 ℃ water.The rats after severebums were immediately treated with 0.25 mL of 300 mg/kg VPA or NS by subcutaneous injection.Rats were sacrificed at 2 hours and 6 hours after injury,and abdominal aortic blood and ileal tissue were harvested.The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The intestinal permeability was evaluated by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) determination.The histomorphological changes in gut barrier were evaluated by Chiu grading system.Levels of acetylated lysine at the ninth position of histone 3 protein (Ac-H3K9),hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α),zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) were determined by immunofluorescence staining and Western Blot.Results Compared with sham + NS group,rats in scald + NS group showed intestinal mucosal damage 2 hours after bum injury,as well as increased mucosal permeability,protein expression levels of HIF-1 α,VEGF,MLCK,and lowered levels of AC-H3K9 and ZO-1.These changes were much more prominent at 6 hours after injury.VPA treatment significantly attenuated the bum-induced intestinal damage.Compared with scald + NS group,the protective effects in scald + VPA group was not evident at 2 hours after injury;however,intestinal damage was much less severe at 6 hours after injury (Chiu score:2.03 ± 0.27 vs.3.12 ± 0.15),intestinal permeability was significantly decreased [FITC-dextran (μg/L):709 ± 76 vs.1138 ± 75],histone acetylation was enhanced [Ac-H3K9 (gray value):1.55 ± 0.12 vs.0.48±0.12],ZO-1 degradation was significantly inhibited (gray value:0.69 ± 0.12 vs.0.43 ± 0.16),the protein expression levels of VEGF and MLCK were significantly down-regulated [VEGF (ng/mg):51.7±3.7 vs.71.2±4.3,MLCK (gray value):1.98±0.20 vs.2.80±0.24],while the HIF-1 α protein expression levels were significantly reduced at both 2 hours and 6 hours after injury (gray value:2.50±0.39 vs.3.88±0.42 at 2 hours,1.83±0.42 vs.4.42±0.41 at 6 hours,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Severe bum injury can induce histone deacetylation,ZO-1 degradation and intestinal barrier dysfunction.VPA can improve the levels of histone acetylation and ZO-1,and protect intestinal epithelial barrier function.These may probably be mediated through inhibiting HIF-1α and its downstream gene VEGF and MLCK.

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical results of treatment of Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures through modified Smith-Peterson(S-P) approach and modified Hardinge approach.

METHODSFrom July 2005 to July 2014, 42 patients with Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures were treated with operation. A total of 23 patients in anterior group was treated with modified S-P approach including 17 males and 6 females with an average age of (29.3±9.4) years old, 5 cases of type I by excision of the fragement, 3 cases of type I and 15 cases of type II cases by fixation of the fragement. While a total of 19 patients in the lateral group was treated with modified Hardinge approach including 15 males and 4 females with an average age of (31.4±10.0) years old, 3 cases of type I by excision of the fragement, 4 cases of type I and 12 cases of type II by fixation of the fragement. Operative time, blood loss during operation and fracture healing time were observed and compared. The clinical and radiographic outcomes of the patients were measured using Thompson-Epstein scoring scale. The effect of hip reduction time of less than 6 h, 6 to12 h, and more than 12 h, the effect of surgery time within 24 h and more than 24 h after injury were compared.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 24 to 60 months with an average of(30.29±6.95) months. The operation time (61.96±12.22) min, blood loss (46.09±18.03) ml, and (74.74±10.06) min, blood loss (72.11±19.88) ml in lateral group in the anterior group were better than those of lateral group(<0.05). In anterior group, fracture healing time was(12.22±1.70) weeks, the results were excellent in 8 cases, good in 10 cases, fair in 4 cases and poor in 1 case, the excellent and good rate was 78.3%, the incidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head was 8.69%(2/23), and the incidence of heterotopic ossification was 13.04%(3/23). While in lateral group, the fracture healing time was(12.42±1.95) weeks, the results were excellent in 6 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 3 cases, the excellent and good rate was 68.4%, the incidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head was 10.53%(2/19), and the incidence of heterotopic ossification was 5.26%(1/19). There was no significant difference in fracture healing time, postoperative effect and postoperative complications between the anterior group and lateral group(<0.05). The effect of patients with reduction time of hip dislocation less than 12 h was significantly better than that of more than 12 h, there was no significant difference in the effect between reduction time within 6 h and 6 to 12 h. There was no significant difference in the outcome between surgical patients within 24 h and more than 24 h after injury.

CONCLUSIONSDislocated hip of Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures should be closed reduction within 6 h. If conditions are limited, the reduction time can be accepted within 12 h. Both of modified S-P approach and modified Hardinge approach are effective in treating Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures, and can obtain excellent outcomes. Moreover, modified S-P approach has advantage of less trauma, less blood loss, shorter operative time.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) levels, dietary habits and susceptibility of gastric cancer (CGC) in Yangzhong and Yixing cities, the two high GC risk areas in Jiangsu province.

METHODSA population-based case-control study was conducted including 391 histologically-confirmed adenocarcinoma GC cases and 608 age and sex frequency-matched cancer-free controls. The plasma tHcy concentration was measured by enzymatic biochemical assay of homocysteine on microtiter plates, using crude lysate containing recombinant methionine 7-lyase. The relationship between different tHcy levels and risk of GC was analyzed and factors as vegetables and fruits intake, smoking and drinking status were also evaluated together with tHey levels on the risk of GC.

RESULTSThe average tHcy levels in GC cases were significantly higher than that in controls (P = 0.002). In addition, according to the quartile levels (7.9, 10.1, 13.7 micromol/L) in the controls, the risks of GC had an increase of 67% (adjusted OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.12-2.48), 98% (adjusted OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.33-2.94) and 112% (adjusted OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.44-3.15) compared to the lowest quartile of tHcy (< or = 7.9 micromol/L), respectively while the increasing trend was significantly noticed (chi2 = 15.78, P < 0.001). The increase of vegetables and fruits intake could decrease the risk of GC. Results from crossover analyses indicated that subjects with less vegetables and fruits intake or both smoking drinking together with plasma tHcy >15.0 micromol/L could increase the GC risk, when compared to the effect on GC risk of each factor.

CONCLUSIONThese findings supported the hypothesis that the high level of plasma tHcy and the badness dietary habits were associated to the increased risk of GC. Further larger scale and genetics involved studies on the environment and genetic factors were needed to confirm our findings.

Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; Case-Control Studies ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Fruit ; Homocysteine ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Stomach Neoplasms ; blood ; Vegetables