Objective To study the expressions of B7-H1 and PD-1 which are costimulatory molecules in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods The heparin anticoagulant blood samples from 11 CHB patients and 16 healthy controls were collected. The expressions of B7-H1 and PD-1 on myloid dendritic cells (mDC) and T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry. The data comparison was done by t test. Results The expressions of B7-H1 on CD3~+ ,CD4~+ , CD8~+ T lymphocytes and mDC in CHB patients were (40. 69± 14. 49)%, (42. 84 ±11. 19)%,(33. 48±14.07)% and (16. 60±4. 04) % , respectively, and those were (14. 66±10. 11) % , (4. 62±3.84)%, (1.89±2.31)% and (0. 49±0. 37)% , respectively in healthy controls. The expressions of B7-H1 on T-lymphocytes and mDC in CHB patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls, and the differences were significant (t=-2.884,t=-10.894, t=-7.378, t=-13. 182,respectively; all P<0. 05). The expressions of PD-1 on CD3~+ , CD4~+ and CD8~+ T lymphocytes in CHB patients were (12. 45±6. 36)%, (11. 42 ± 6. 20)% and (13. 03± 6. 71) %, respectively, and those were (7. 80±3. 53)%, (7. 12±2. 60)% and (7. 88±3. 74)% , respectively in healthy controls.The expressions of PD-1 on T lymphocytes in CHB patients were significantly higher than those of the healthy controls, the differences were significant (t = -2.323, t =- 2. 355, t =- 2. 439,respectively) all P<0. 05). Conclusion The expressions of B7-H1 and PD-1 on T lymphocytes and mDC in CHB patients are higher than the healthy people.

Objective To evaluate morphological structure of uterosacral ligament (USL) and cardinal ligament (CL) in patients with severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP) by MRI technology, and to analysis and discuss its clinical significance. Methods From November 2013 to February 2014 in Peking University People′s Hospital, 26 elderly patients withⅢ-Ⅳdegree of POP were selected as the POP group and 18 healthy elderly volunteers were selected as the control group during the same period. Pelvic MRI examination were performed in the two groups. The morphological characteristics of left and right side of the uterosacral-cardinal ligament on MRI and the attachment site of the starting and ending points between two group were described and compared. Results In POP group, 25 cases of left USL starting point were located in the sacrospinous ligament/coccygeal muscle complex [58% (15/26)] or coccygeal muscle [38%(10/26)], ending point were located in the cervix and vagina [58%(15/26)] or cervix [38%(10/26)];24 cases of right USL starting point were located in the sacrospinous ligament/coccygeal muscle complex [31%(8/26)]or coccygeal muscle [62%(16/26)], 26 cases of right USL ending point were located in the cervix and vagina [62% (16/26)] or cervix [38% (10/26)]; the left and right CL in the POP group and the control group were both from the sacroiliac joint at the top of the greater sciatic foramen from the ipsilateral pelvic side wall;1 case (4%, 1/26) of left CL in the POP group completely connected to the bladder, 10 cases (38%, 10/26) partly connected to the bladder;14 cases (54%, 14/26) of right CL partly connected to the bladder, the rest ending points of left and right CL were located in cervix and (or) vagina. In the control group, 17 cases of left USL starting point were located in the sacrospinous ligament/coccygeal muscle complex (10/18) or coccygeal muscle (7/18), ending point were located in the cervix and vagina (12/18) or cervix (6/18);18 cases of right USL starting point were located in the sacrospinous ligament/coccygeal muscle complex (10/18) or coccygeal muscle (8/18), ending point were located in the cervix and vagina (13/18) or cervix (5/18);8 cases (8/18) of left CL partly connected to the bladder;15 cases (15/18) of right CL partly connected to the bladder, the rest ending points of left and right CL were located in cervix and (or) vagina. There was no significant difference between the two groups on the starting and ending points (P>0.05). Conclusions The observation of MRI could be consistent with the clinical anatomy on the starting and ending points, direction of travel in the uterosacral-cardinal ligament. The starting and ending points of the left and right side USL and the ending points of the left and right side CL are not completely symmetrical, the variation degree is large, some CL could be completely or partly inserted to the bladder.

Objective To investigate the roles of dCK Ser-74 in radiation-induced cell death in breast cancer cells.Methods Different phenotypes of dCK plasmids were transfected into MCF-7 cells by liposome transfection,including dCK-Vector,dCK-WT (wild type),dCK-S74A (non-phosphorylation) and dCK-S74E (hyper-phosphorylation).All these cells were irradiated by 0,2,4,6,8 Gy X-rays,respectively.The transcriptional and translational level of dCK were detected with real time-PCR and Western blot,respectively.Radiosensitivity was analyzed using cell counting kit (CCK-8) and colony formation assays.Monodansylcadaverine staining (MDC) and flow cytometry were used to detect autophagy and apoptosis,respectively.Results Four phenotypes of dCK cell models were established successfully.After irradiation,the cell viabilities of MCF-7 and dCK-Vector decreased significantly as compared with mock group (t =14.469 and 9.357,P ＜ 0.05),the cell viabilities of dCK-WT,dCK-S74A and dCK-S74E showed no changes (P ＞ 0.05).The total mortalities of dCK-WT and dCK-S74E decreased significantly as compared with dCK-Vector (x2 =3.857-3.971,P ＜ 0.05),but no changes in dCK-S74A cells (P ＞0.05).The apoptosis rates in dCK-S74A,dCK-Vector and control group were up-regulated after irradiation (t =-4.531,-3.688 and-7.076,P ＜ 0.05),and the irradiation-induced apoptosis was reversed in dCK-WT and dCK-S74E (66％ and 68％ of the increase level in dCK-Vector group).The autophagy in dCK-WT and dCK-S74E increased by 22％ and 26％ (t =-9.051 and-8.411,P ＜0.01),but no changes were observed in dCK-S74A,dCK-Vector and control groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The dCK-WT and dCK-S74E could reverse the irradiation-induced apoptosis,increase the autophagy occurence,and decrease the total mortality,indicating that the phosphorylation of dCK at Ser-74 sites is related to the radiosensitivity of MCF-7 cells.

AIM: To investigate the differences in the distribution of SRY-related HMG box 5 (SOX5) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, COPD with pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients and healthy controls, and to explore the association of the SOX5 SNPs in COPD-related PH.METHODS: From April 2013 to April 2015, 250 patients with stable COPD were enrolled continuous-ly in Ningxia People’s Hospital according to COPD treatment guidelines (2013 edition).All the patients received echocar-diography, and were divided into COPD with PH group [pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP)≥50 mmHg, n =103] and COPD without PH group (PASP <50 mmHg, n =147).The healthy persons (matched for age, sex, race and smoking index, n =127) were selected as control group at the same period.Genotyping of SOX5 gene rs10842262 and rs11046966
loci was performed using MassARRAY genotyping system ( Sequenom).Genotype frequencies were calculated.RE-SULTS: Age, sex and smoking index showed no significantly difference between control group and COPD group, neither between COPD with PH group and COPD without PH group.Genotype frequencies of SOX5 gene rs10842262 and rs11046966 loci between control group and COPD group was of significant difference (P<0.05).Genotype frequencies of SOX5 gene rs10842262 and rs11046966 loci showed no significant difference between COPD with PH group and COPD without PH group.CONCLUSION: SOX5 gene rs10842262 and rs11046966 loci may play an important role in COPD, but not in COPD-related PH.

Objective To establish the finite element model of uterosacral ligament (USL) and cardinal ligament (CL) and analyze the stress distribution and deformation with USL and CL under different working conditions. Methods Patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳpelvic organ prolapse (POP) and healthy female volunteers were selected for research subject, and divided into anterior uterus group and posterior uterus group. Two POP patients and two volunteers were selectd into the anterior uterus group and posterior uterine group respectively. Pelvic MRI scan was performed in two groups. Based on the original MRI data sets, the finite element model of USL and CL was constructed by using the software such as the Mimics, and the stress distribution and deformation of USL and CL were simulated. Results Under the premise of the elastic modulus fixed and three different working conditions such as 60 cmH2O, 99 cmH2O and 168 cmH2O (1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa) with abdominal pressure generated by maximum Valsalva maneuver, according to the present conditions and the simulation, the trend was analyzed: the stress and deformation of the uterus, anterior vaginal wall, USL and CL in two groups were mainly distributed in the middle and lower part of the anterior vaginal wall or the ligament and the cervix-vagina junction, the maximum stress and the maximum displacement were mainly concentrated in the lower region of the anterior vaginal wall. With increasing of abdominal pressure generated by the maximum Valsalva maneuver, the maximum stress values of the POP patient in anterior uterus group under three different working conditions were: 0.027 9, 0.046 0, 0.078 0 MPa, and the maximum displacement values were: 9.145 5, 15.090 0, 25.607 0 mm. The maximum stress values of the volunteer in anterior uterus group under three different working conditions were:0.012 6, 0.020 8, 0.035 3 MPa, and the maximum displacement values were: 1.816 7, 2.997 5, 5.086 7 mm. The maximum stress values of the POP patient in posterior uterine group under three different conditions were: 0.069 4, 0.114 6, 0.194 5 MPa, and the maximum displacement values were:11.658 0, 19.236 0, 32.643 0 mm. The maximum stress values of the volunteer in posterior uterus group under three different working conditions were:0.009 1, 0.015 1, 0.025 6 MPa, and the maximum displacement values were:2.581 6, 4.259 6, 7.228 4 mm. The maximum stress values and the maximum displacement values were all increased with increasing of abdominal pressure in the two groups. The maximum stress values and the maximum displacement values of the POP patients were greater than those of volunteers. Under different working conditions, the maximum stress values and maximum displacement values of the posterior uterus POP patient were all greater than those of the anterior uterus POP patient. Conclusions The finite element model of USL and CL is completely based on the MRI technology and the model is real and reliable. The increase of abdominal pressure will produce a larger stress and deformation of USL and CL, which is one of the reasons causing the injury of the ligament.

The Sun's acupuncture includes Sun's painless acupuncture technique, Sun's reinforcing-reducing method and Sun's hand-manipulating method. The key points of Sun's painless acupuncture method are summarized as one fast manipulation, two slow manipulations and finger pressure during needle insertion. While the key points of Sun's reinforcing-reducing process refers to needle insertion firstly, twisting secondly and followed by scraping the handle of the needle. The contents of Sun's hand-manipulating method includes short hand-manipulating, continuous hand-manipulating and intermittent hand-manipulating. There are four characteristics of Sun's reinforcing-reducing method. The first is dexterity and gentleness; the second is the combination of strong stimula tion and weak stimulation; the third characteristic is the requirement of the same manipulation rhythm during the whole needling process; and the fourth is to use different stimulus to distinguish reinforcing and reducing. Emergent cases treated with Sun's acupuncture method are also provided in this article for reader's references.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Emergencies ; Emergency Treatment ; Humans

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the fruiting bodies of Abortiporus biennis (Bull.) Singer.METHODS The ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract from A.biennis fruiting bodies was isolated and purified by silica,Sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.RESULTS Six compounds were isolated and identified as (22E,24R)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3ββ-ol (1),(22E,24R)-5α,8α-epoxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (2),cerevisterol (3),(22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8 (14),22-tetraen-3-one (4),1,3-dioleoyl-2-1inoleoylglycerol (5),cereboside B (6).CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from this fungus for the first time.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the fruit bodies of Daedalea dickinsii (Berk.) Yasuda.METHODS The methanol extract from the fruit bodies of D.dickinsii was isolated and purified by silica,Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Six compounds were isolated and identified as (22E,24R)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol (1),(22E,24R)-5α,8α-epoxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (2),stellasterol (3),6-methoxycer-evisterol (4),16-acetylpolyporenic acid C (5),and 3 α-carboxyacetoxy-24-methylene-23-oxolanost-8,24 (31)-dien-26-oic acid (6).CONCLUSION Compounds 1-4,6 are isolated from this fungus for the first time.

The rol genes on pRiA4 plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes are potent genes that promote secondary metabolism. Molecular breeding of Atropa belladonna can be conducted by introducing rol genes to increase tropane alkaloids (TAs) content in A. belladonna. In this study, the rolB gene was overexpressed in A. belladonna plants to study the effect of rolB gene on the biosynthesis of TAs. The phenotype, TAs content and expression levels of key enzyme genes in the pathway of TAs biosynthesis of transgenic A. belladonna were analyzed. The results showed that transgenic A. belladonna had developed root system, enlarged leaves, increased leaf fresh weight, deepened leaf color, enlarged flowers, changed flower shape, reduced pistil height and decreased pollen vitality. The content of TAs in the stems of transgenic A. belladonna was significantly higher than that of the control, and the contents of scopolamine, anisodamine, hyoscyamine can reach 2.11-2.91, 1.23-2.37 and 4.88-5.20 times of the control, respectively. Compared with the control group, the expressions of key enzymes putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT), type III polyketide synthase (PYKS), tropinone reductase I (TRI), aromatic amino acid aminotransferase 4 (ArAT4), UDP-glycosyltransferase 1 (UGT1) and hyoscyamine 6-β-hydroxylase (H6H) in the TAs biosynthesis pathway were up-regulated, and the expression of tropinone reductase II (TRII) as a metabolic shunting gene was down-regulated. The results indicated that rolB gene enhanced TAs synthesis ability in roots and accumulation in stems of A. belladonna by enhancing metabolic flow of TAs synthesis pathway and weakening the metabolic shunt of competing pathway. This study laid a foundation for molecular breeding of A. belladonna with high-yield TAs content using rolB gene.

Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are a class of anticholinergic drugs widely used in clinical practice and mainly extracted from plant, among which Atopa belladonna is the main commercial drug source. It is of great industrial value to obtain TAs in large quantities by plant metabolic engineering. In TAs pathway, cytochrome oxidase CYP82M3 catalyze the synthesis of tropinone and then tropinone reductase I (TRI) compete with TRII for tropinone to form tropine leading to the TAs synthesis (drainage). In this study, based on the "increasing flow and drainage" metabolic engineering strategy, two genes, namely HnCYP82M3 and DsTRI from Hyoscyamus niger and Datura stramonium, respectively, were overexpressed in the hair roots of A. belladonna, with a view to promote the TAs accumulation. The HnCYP82M3 gene was cloned from the root of H. niger, and it encoded amino acid with 91.7% sequence identity with AbCYP82M3 from A. belladonna. Overexpression of HnCYP82M3 alone did not affect the content of TAs in hair roots of A. belladonna, indicating that CYP82M3 was not a key enzyme in TAs biosynthesis. Simultaneous overexpression of HnCYP82M3 and DsTRI greatly promoted the accumulation of the three TAs, and the contents of hyoscyamine, anisodamine and scopolamine were 4.97 times, 2.83 times and 2.19 times that of the control, respectively, and the increase amplitude was greater than that of single overexpression of DsTRI. This study showed that the "increasing flow and drainage" strategy of enzyme genes co-expression at branch points was a promising metabolic engineering method to effectively improve the biosynthesis of TAs in A. belladonna, and laid a theoretical and technical foundation for the large-scale industrial acquisition of TAs.