Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; surgery ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; surgery

The aimed of this study was to prepare stabilized thiomers to overcome the poor stability character of traditional thiomers. Poly(acrylic acid)-cysteine (PAA-Cys) was synthesized by conjugating cysteine with poly(acrylic acid) and poly(acrylic acid)-cysteine-6-mercaptonicotinic acid (PAA-Cys-6MNA, stabilized thiomers) was synthesized by grafting a protecting group 6-mercaptonicotinic acid (6MNA) with PAA-Cys. The free thiol of PAA-Cys was determined by Ellmann's reagent method and the ratio of 6MNA coupled was determined by glutathione reduction method. The study of permeation enhancement and stabilized function was conducted by using Franz diffusion cell method, with fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FD4) used as model drug. The influence of polymers on tight junctions of Caco-2 cell monolayer was detected with laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscope. The results indicated that both PAA-Cys and PAA-Cys-6MNA could promote the permeation of FD4 across excised rat intestine, and the permeation function of PAA-Cys-6MNA was not influence by the pH of the storage environment and the oxidation of air after the protecting group 6MNA was grafted. The distribution of tight junction protein of Caco-2 cell monolayer F-actin was influenced after incubation with PAA-Cys and PAA-Cys-6MNA. In conclusion, stabilized thiomers (PAA-Cys-6MNA) maintained the permeation function compared with the traditional thiomers (PAA-Cys) and its stability was improved. The mechanism of the permeation enhancement function of the polymers might be related to their influence on tight junction relating proteins of cells.
Acrylic Resins ; chemistry ; Actins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Caco-2 Cells ; Cysteine ; chemistry ; Dextrans ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; analogs & derivatives ; Glutathione ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; Nicotinic Acids ; chemistry ; Rats ; Sulfhydryl Compounds ; chemistry

The transcellular process of coumarin 6 (C6) loaded poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate)-co-poly (epsilon-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL) micelles on Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells was investigated. C6 loaded PEG-PCL micelles were prepared using the thin-film hydration method. The size of the micelles was characterized by dynamic light scattering analysis using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined by pyrene fluorescence probe method. And the transcellular process of the micelles on MDCK epithelial cells was investigated by using transmission electron microscope, laser confocal scanning microscope and Förster resonance energy transfer technology. It turned out that the size of PEG-PCL micelles was about 30 nm and CMC was 1.01 microg x mL(-1). PEG-PCL micelles were endocytosed in intact form and they could deliver hydrophobic drugs across the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cells. However, PEG-PCL is hardly being transported in micelle formation itself. The transportation of C6 by PEG-PCL micelles was through the transcellular pathway, yet not the paracellular pathway.

Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents ; therapeutic use ; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension ; HIV ; pathogenicity ; Hepacivirus ; pathogenicity ; Hepatitis B virus ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; drug therapy ; virology ; Male ; Sulfonamides ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical outcomes of swing shoulder and internal fixation in treating proximal humeral fractures.

METHODSFrom June 2007 to June 2012, totally 89 elderly patients with humeral proximal fractures were treated by swing of shoulder or internal fixation, and 81 patients were followed up. In swing shoulder group, there were 38 patients including 13 males and 25 females aged from 62 to 84 with an average of (67.11±6.18) years old; 27 cases were 2-part fractures and 11 cases were 3-part fractures according to Neer classfication. In internal fixation group, there were 43 patients including 16 males and 27 females aged from 60 to 80 with an average of (66.47±5.48) years old; and 29 cases were 2-part fractures and 14 cases were 3-part fractures according to Neer classfication. VAS score and complications were compared between two groups after treatment, and Constant-Murley functional scoring was used to evaluate shoulder function of patients.

RESULTSEighty-one patients were followed up from 13 to 26 months with an average of 18.3 months. There was no significant difference in preoperative VAS score between two groups. After treatment, VAS score in swing shoulder group was (3.11±0.95), and (3.88±1.14) in internal fixation group, and had significant difference between two groups (t=-3.313,P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Constant-Murley scores between swing shoulder group (79.53±3.73) and internal fixation group (77.98±4.11) (t=1.768,P>0.05). Postoperative complications in swing shoulder group was 18.4%(7/38), 39.5%(17/43) in internal fixation group, and had significant differences between two groups (χ2=4.313,P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSwing shoulder for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures in elderly has advantages of low cost, less complications and good recovery of joint function; while internal fixation has a good therapeutic effect but increased complications.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; adverse effects ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Shoulder Fractures ; therapy

Objective To study the value of DSA for hepatic vascular anatomy,and to evaluate the efficacy of portal vein occlusion in rabbits with hepatic VX2 tumor.Methods Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups with 10 in each group,including test group A and positive control group B of ham operation.For the test group A,portal branch ligation(PBL)was performed for the left external branch after 3 weeks of the tumor implantation to the left external lobe.Two weeks later,the DSA of hepatic artery and portal vein were performed in all of the rabbits.Results The total displaying effectiveness of the branches of hepatic artery by DSA was better than that by vascular perfusion.There was hypovascular blood supply to hepatic artery implantation of the tumor in the test group A,comparing with that of the group B.Conclusion DSA can clearly display spacial details of the hepatic vascular anatomy in rabbits,and play an important role in post-procedual evaluation of the portal vein occlusion in rabbits.

Objective To make a quantitative analysis on the existence of the second gas effect.Methods Under the guidance of the macro-scopic theories in thermodynamics and quantitative analysis in mathematics, the second gas effect was discussed at three aspects: the conditions for the existence of the second gas effect , those for the non-existence of the second gas effect and those for the existence of the re-verse second gas effect.Results When the uptake rate of the second gas was equal to the average uptake rate of other gas mixtures , the second gas effect did not exist .When the former was less than the latter , the second gas effect existed .When the former was greater than the latter , the reverse second gas effect existed.Conclusion The existence of the second gas effect is not absolute but conditional.The key factor is the relative size of the uptake rate of the second gas and the average uptake rate of other gas mixtures in alveolar.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the reliability and validity of simple Burnout Questionnaire in occupational population.

METHODSA self-administered Burnout Questionnaire comprising 19 items was developed in light of Maslash Burnout Questionnaire and used for investigating 458 employees.

RESULTSCronbach's alpha between total items of Burnout Questionnaire and each factor fell in between 0.82 and 0.85 through the consistency test. All 19 items of Burnout Questionnaire were subjected to factor analysis, and three latent factors were identified, wherein 56.3% of total variance could be explained. According to the contents described in the items and Maslash burnout theory, they were emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. According to the covariance and the variance analysis, there was significant difference in the integral of the type of work among the three subitems (P < 0.01); there was significant difference in the integral of depersonalization between two sexes (P < 0.01); There were significant difference in the integral of the personal achievement among different level of education (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe reliability and validity of Burnout Questionnaire is acceptable and can be used for assessing burnout in occupational population.

Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Burnout, Professional ; diagnosis ; psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sex Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To evaluate the solute clearance characteristics of REXEEDTM series dialyzers during high-flux dialysis, and explore the care characteristics. Methods A randomized crossover study of 3×3 Latin square was designed based on different dialyzers. Eighteen patients with regular hemodialysis underwent dialysis with REXEEDTM-15AC dialyzer, REXEEDTM-15UC dialyzer and controlled APS-15U dialyzer, respectively. Blood samples were obtained from the blood flow entrance and exit of dialyzers, levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphate and β2-microglobulin were detected, and solute clearance rates were calculated. Before and after the third dialysis with each dialyzer, blood samples were obtained to measure the levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine, and the rates of decrease were calculated. The vital signs of each patient were intensively observed, and the venous pressure and transmembrane pressure were monitored from the dialyzers. Results The urea nitrogen clearance rates of REXEEDTM-15AC dialyzer and REXEEDTM-15UC dialyzer were significantly higher than that of APS-15U dialyzer (P<0.05). The creatinine clearance rate of REXEEDTM-15AC dialyzer was significantly higher than that of APS-15U dialyzer(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of decrease in blood urea nitrogen among different dialyzers of the same patient(>65 % for all patients). The vital signs were stable with no adverse events during dialysis, and there was no abnormal findings in laboratory security parameters. Conclusion REXEEDTM series dialyzers are effective and safe for clinical application. Great importance should be attached to the complaints from patients during dialysis. For those with less ultrafiltration, fluid as well as uhrafiltration should be supplemented to increase the transmembrane pressure.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in infants presenting mainly with gastrointestinal symptoms. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 280 hospitalized infants, who were diagnosed with CMPA presenting mainly with gastrointestinal symptoms. RESULTS: Among the 280 infants, 203 infants(72.5%) were aged of less than 6 months. Major manifestations included diarrhea in 171 infants (61.1%), hematochezia in 149 infants (53.2%), vomiting in 71 infants (25.4%), eczema in 57 infants (20.4%), malnutrition in 42 infants (15%) and constipation in 13 infants (4.6%). Of the 280 infants, 258 (92.1%) had mild-to-moderate CMPA and 22 (7.9%) had severe CMPA. Compared with the mild-to-moderate CMPA group, the severe CMPA group had a significantly higher incidence rate of malnutrition (50.0% vs 12.0%) and a significantly lower incidence rate of hematochezia (22.7% vs 55.8%). The breastfeeding CMPA group had significantly lower incidence rates of malnutrition (10.3% vs 24.6%) and severe CMPA (4.4% vs 18.0%) than the artificial feeding CMPA group, and the artificial feeding CMPA group had a significantly lower incidence rate of hematochezia than the breastfeeding and mixed feeding CMPA groups (37.7% vs 56.6%/59.0%). CONCLUSIONS CMPA presenting mainly with gastrointestinal symptoms is more common in infants aged of less than 6 months. Diarrhea and hematochezia are the most common manifestations at the time of onset. Most infants have mild-to-moderate allergy. Compared with breastfeeding, artificial feeding is more likely to cause malnutrition and severe CMPA.
Animals ; Breast Feeding ; Cattle ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; Milk Proteins ; Retrospective Studies