With the development of proteomic technologies, large numbers of putative biomarkers have been screened out but few of them are put into the clinical application.Recently, MRM-MS based approaches and strategies have aroused extensive concern in domestic and overseas clinical laboratory community because of their cost-efficiency, time-saving, high analytical sensitivity and accuracy.MRM-MS based approaches, especially SISCAPA, may gradually become a key technology for the protein biomarker research in the near future.In this review, the bottleneck existing in the field of protein biomarkers research, and features as well as applications of MRM-MS are discussed and the future trend of research is prospected.

Objective To investigate the effects of FTY720 on retinal photoreceptor cells and microglial following light-induced degeneration in rat retina.Methods 120 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups including FTY720 group,solvent control group,model group and normal group.The rats of normal group were not intervened.The FTY720 group,solvent control group and model group establish retinal light injury mode.FTY720 was injected into abdominal cavity of the rats in FTY720 group 0.5 hours before light exposure.50％ dimethylsulfoxide was injected into abdominal cavity of the rats in solvent control group.The expressions of microglial cells in rat retinal were quantified using flow cytometry,the expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β were examined by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay at 6 hours,1 day,3 days,7 days after light exposure.The apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells were measured by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling at 1 day after light exposure.The morphological change of retinal were viewed by haematoxylin and eosin staining at 7 days after light exposure.Results The expressions of microgilal and IL-1β began to rise at 1 day after light exposure,reached at peak at 3 days and decreased at 7 days.The expressions of IL-1βand microglial in FTY720 group were significantly lower than solvent control group and model group,but higher than normal group (P＜0.05).One day after exposure to light,the apoptosis cell ratio in normal group,model group,solvent control group and FTY720 group were 0,(87.66 ± 2.50) ％,(86.00 ± 2.44) ％,(49.66 ± 2.80) ％.The apoptosis cell in FTY720 group were higher than normal group,lower than solvent control group and model group (P＜0.05).Seven days after exposure to light,the retinal in normal group was structured and the cell was arranged well,the cell in solvent control group and model group was irregular arrangement and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was thin after light exposure.The thickness of the ONL in FTY720 group was significantly higher than solvent control group and model group,below normal group.Conclusion FTY720 can prevents retinal photoreceptor cells from apoptosis and inhibits activation of microglial.

Objective To design an intravenous indwelling needle in battle field aid.Methods Several concavity were made on the hollow tube inner surface posterior puncture needle case,and some corresponding convexity uplifted peripheral needle handle pistons posterior puncture needle core.Revolution could be avoided because the needle handle pistons were just embedded in hollow tube concavity.It was convenient to operate and decreased the operator's orientation transformation by the needle's handhold vane adopting rectangle instead of butterfly shape.Results The improved puncture needle was stable and the rate of success of intravenous puncture was increased.Conclusion The improved venous retaining needle can be applied in battle field aid.

Medical education has its own peculiarities, so does the management of medical students. To establish a management pattern which is appropriate to medical students' all-round development, needs to find out a management pattern appropriate to the medical department of comprehensive university, to summarize the present management pattern of medical students in different medicine colleges, and to put forward the principles and problems which ought to be followed and paid attention to during the reformation, on the principle of being based on students, setting up standard system and improving the quality of managers.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key mediators of both innate and adaptive immunity by recognizing and eliciting responses to invading pathogens. The activation of TLRs must be stringently controlled in order to avoid exaggerated expression of signaling components as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines that can devastate the host,resulting in chronic inflammatory diseases,autoimmune disorders and aid in the pathogenesis of TLR-associated diseases. Therefore,it is essential that negative regulators act at multiple levels within TLR signaling cascades in order to synchronize the activation and negative regulation of signal transduction to limit potentially harmful immunological consequences. A summary of the various mechanisms employed by negative regulators of TLRs signaling to ensure the appropriate modulation of both immune and inflammatory responses was provided.

Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Sinusitis ; diagnosis ; therapy

Endoscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Nasal Septum ; surgery

Dacryocystitis ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Nose ; surgery ; Nose Diseases ; surgery ; Optic Nerve Diseases ; surgery

Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Rhinitis