Prostate cancer is a common malignancy of the male reproductive system.This paper reviews the epidemiology of prostate cancer in China and around the world, and discusses the risk factors of prostate cancer.

Objective To research the reversal the effect on multidrug resistance (MDR) and the effect on Ca~(2+) concentration of HL60/HT cell by psoralen, and observe its possible mechanism. Methods The cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic agents was determined by MTT assay, intracellular harringtonine (HT) content was assayed by HPLC, and intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in different periods and at different time points was detected by laser confocal microscope. Results Psoralen could reduce IC_ 50 value of HT to HL60/HT cells and increase HT content in cells in different degrees at the doses of 1-20 ?mol/L. Psoralen could influence Ca 2+ concentration with negative correlation at different time points (24, 48, and 96 h) at the doses of 1-20 ?mol/L, and influence Ca 2+ concentration with negative correlation at different times (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 min) in the doses of 10 and 20 ?mol/L. Conclusion Psoralen can reverse MDR of HL60/HT cells, its reversal mechanism is associated with influence of intracellular Ca~(2+) concentration and the increase of intracellular accumulation of HT.

Objective To investigate the relationship between accompanying infection and the change of immunologic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) patients.Methods One hundred and fifteen T2DM patients with infection and 95 T2DM patients with no infection were selected,and 102 subjects with no history of dia-betes were selected as no diabetetes with infection group.The venous blood of all groups were sampled after an over-night fast of 12h.Glycosylated hemoglobin a1c(HbA1c) level was tested by glycosylated hemoglobin automatic analy-zer.The levels of T cell subsets including CD3 ,CD4 ,CD8 ,NK cell and B cell ratio were tested by flow cytometry,Ig and complement level was tested by immune nephelometry.Results The level of body mass indices(BMI) in T2DM patients with infection group[(27.39 ±9.18) kg/m2 ] and with no infection group[(26.15 ±7.39) kg/m2 ] were higher than no diabetes with infection group (24.21 ±5.37)kg/m2 (t =2.548,4.702,all P <0.05).The levels of IgG,IgA,IgM,C3 ,C4 in T2DM with infection group were (11.83 ±3.92)mg/mL,(3.02 ±0.96)mg/mL,(3.38 ± 0.82)mg/mL,(1.70 ±0.38)mg/mL,(0.52 ±0.18)mg/mL,which in T2DM with non infection group were (12.46 ± 2.47)mg/mL,(2.63 ±1.37)mg/mL,(2.91 ±1.79)mg/mL,(1.58 ±0.43)mg/mL,(0.46 ±0.31)mg/mL,which in no diabetetes with infection group were (13.26 ±3.74)mg/mL,(2.06 ±1.86)mg/mL,(2.49 ±1.01)mg/mL, (1.19 ±0.82)mg/mL,(0.30 ±0.05)mg/mL.In T2DM with non infection group and T2DM with infection group, humoral immunity index including the level of IgG was lower and IgA,IgM,C3 ,C4 levels were higher than no dia-betetes with infection group,the differences were statistically significant(t =7.052,23.059,12.617,18.326,8.730, all P <0.05).The levels of CD4 ,CD8 ,NK,CD4 /CD8 ,CD3 were (37.68 ±8.39)%,(31.58 ±6.98)%,(10.76 ± 6.49)%,(1.19 ±0.75),(62.83 ±5.28)% in T2DM with infection group,which in T2DM with non infection group were (39.23 ±10.28)%,(27.61 ±5.65)%,(14.89 ±7.12)%,(1.39 ±1.01),(64.19 ±6.46)%,which in no diabetes with infection group were (42.91 ±5.67)%,(25.17 ±7.25)%,(16.39 ±6.24)%,(1.86 ±0.82), (73.65 ±9.10)%.Cellular immunity index containing CD4 ,CD8 ,NK,CD4 /CD8 ,CD3 levels decreased more signifi-cantly than no diabetic group,T2DMI group compared with T2DM group,the levels of IgG,CD4 ,CD8 ,NK,B cell ratio, CD4 /CD8 ,CD3 decreased obviously,while the levels of IgA,IgM,C3 declined greatly,there were significant differences (t =11.038,8.237,18.549,25.871,2.436,all P <0.05).Conclusion Patients with T2DM have humoral and cellular immunity abnormalities,T2DM patients with infection is closely related with the imbalance of immunologic function.

A new and effective method to produce transgenic animals was established. Without a surgical incision, the recombinant plasmid containing green fluorescence protein (GFP) cDNA was repeatedly injected into male mouse testis at multi-sites. After few weeks of the final injection, the injected male was mated with normal oestrus female to produce transgenic mice. The presence of the GFP cDNA in F1 transgenic individuals were detected by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot hybridization, which showed that the transgenic rate of mouse F1 offspring was 41%. The transferred gene was integrated into the host genome and could be transmitted to its offspring. When the positive F1 individuals were mated with the wild type ICR mice, the F2 individuals had a transgenic rate of 37%. The results indicate that the high efficiency of gene transfer and the limited number of manipulations make the method suitable for creating a large number of transgenic animals, especially, for producing domestic animals.

Objective To assess the effects of p27mt gene transfection on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) lines SMMC-7721. Methods A replication deficient adenovirus vector encoding p27mt (Ad-p27mt) was used and p27mt cDNA was transfected into human SMMC-7721 cell lines in vitro. The synthesis of DNA in SMMC-7721 cells was determined by using 3H-thymidine incorporation; the cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, TUNEL method and DNA fragmentation analysis. Results The virus titer was 7.95?1012 cfu/ml, the transduction efficiency was 100 % when multiplicity of infection ≥50, FCM analysis revealed a sub-G1 cell peak in Ad-p27mt transduced hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Agarose electrophoresis showed marked ladder .The difference of apoptotic index between the Ad-p27mt group and the control group was statistically significant (58.6?4.3, vs 4.5?1.6, P

Objective To investigate the effect of lateral ventricle transplantation of neurotrophic factor-transfected cells derived from Glia cell line on vascular dementia in rats and gene expression of Drebrin in hippocampal region.Methods By using gene clone technique,the GDNF gene was transfected into SH-SY5Y cell lines.104 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing (200± 20) gram were divided into groups:transplanted group,injected group,control group,all of which accepted operation by permanent ligation of left common carotid artery and clipping right common carotid artery repeatedly to build up model of vascular dementia,and sham operation group which accepted no ligation or clipping.6 rats from each group were decapitated on the third day,seventh day and tenth day after transplanting treatment were for fluorescence detection.The rest 20 rats in each group were used to detect learning and memory functions by Morris water maze on the third day and decapitated on the fourth day after transplanting treatment.Then GDNF level in temporal lobe were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),while Drebrin mRNA and protein levels in hippocampal region were detected by real time-PCR and Westernblot respectively.Results There was strong fluorescent light detected around lateral ventricle of rats in transplanted group on the third day after transplantation,which faded on the seventh day and disappeared on the tenth day.The learning and memory functions of rats in transplanted group were improved significantly.The escape latency was shorter in transplanted group than in injected group and control group [(34.89±4.15) s vs.(43.86±6.95) s,(50.89±3.66) s,both P＜0.05],while shuttle times through the third quadrant were more often in transplanted group than in injected group and control group [(11.00±1.49) vs.(9.26 ±1.38),(8.04 ± 1.12),both P＜0.05].GDNF level and Drebrin mRNA and protein levels were higher in transplanted group than in injected group and control group [GDNF:(315.71±27.43) vs.(256.26±19.90),(141.95±21.33),Drebrin mRNA:(5.54±0.35) vs.(3.10±0.33),(1.32±0.23),Drebrinprotein:(0.55±0.05) vs.(0.43±0.06),(0.26±0.06),all P＜0.05].Conclusions GDNF-transfected cells could survive in the lateral cerebral ventricle of rats for about seven days.The method for treating vascular dementia through the technique of transplanting GDNF-transfected cells is certain feasible,which has a better therapeutic effect than GDNF-injection directly into lateral cerebral ventricle.The therapeutic effect of GDNF on vascular dementia may be related to its action of regulating neural plasticity.

BACKGROUND:Coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction with transclavicular-transcoracoid driling is an effective surgical technique to treat acromioclavicular dislocation. A good driling in the clavicle leads to a perfect bony tunnel and a good surgery. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different driling positions of the clavicle on the location of bony tunnels in coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction. METHODS:Sixty three-dimensional digital models of the clavicle and coracoid process were constructed by Mimics13.0. Virtual transclavicular-transcoracoid bony tunnels were established according to different surgical planes with different driling positions in the clavicle. Parameters of these bony tunnels were measured, and the safety was evaluated. Option 1: The driling was made 30 mm distal to the clavicle, located in the center of the front and rear edges of the clavicle surface. Option 2: The driling was made 40 mm distal to the clavicle, located in the center of the front and rear edges of the clavicle surface. Option 3: The driling was made at the straight line of tapered nodule tip and the midpoint of the base of the coracoid process, located at the rear edge of the clavicle upper surface. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bony tunnels in option 1 were extremely on the inside of the coracoid. Bony tunnels in options 1 and 2 were not in the center of clavicle. Bony tunnels in option 3 were in the center of both clavicle and coracoid. The method of locating the driling position with a certain distance to the distal clavicle leads to different results in man’s and woman’s models. To ensure that the bony tunnel can pass through the center of clavicle and coracoid, it is suggested to dril at the straight line of tapered nodule tip and the midpoint of the base of the coracoid process and nearby the rear edge of the clavicle upper surface.

Objective: To study the influence of high cell incubating temperature on AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) activity and lipid metabolites of piglets hepatocytes in vitro.Method: Primary hepatocytes of piglets about age 55d were separated and cultured under 37 ℃(control) or 42 ℃(heat stress).The anabolic and catabolic products of [14C]-oleic acid were detected for hepatocytes and culture media at 60min,120min and 180min.There were 9 replicates per time point.Result: Heat stress activated AMPK activity and enhanced fatty acid oxidation.The production of [14C]-CO2 and [14C]-acid soluble metabolites(ASM) was higher in heat stress group than in the control.At the same time,heat stress depressed the incorporation of [14C]-oleate into phospholipids,monoglycerides,triglycerides,cholesterol and cholesteryl ester.Conclusion: Heat stress activated AMPK activity and enhanced the formation of anabolic products and depressed catabolic products in piglets hepatocytes in vitro.

A PCR method was used to amplify the sequence encoding the mature peptide of?-mannanase of Bacillus subtilis. The gene was inserted into the Pichia pastoris vector pPIC9K, downstream of?-factor signal peptide sequence. The resultant recombinant plasmid pPIC9K-MAN was lineared by BglII digestion and introduced into the host Pichia pastoris GS115 by PEG method. After screen, the recombinant P. pastoris strain MAN22 was obtained and fermented in large scale 5L fermenter. The recombinant mannanase activity could reach to 1102IU/ml. The properties of the recombinant mannanase were characterized.

Objective To develop a new method for Tinospora sagittata species identification and genetic map construction. Methods Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) was applied for T. sagittata to carry on PCR amplification of its DNA and optimize the reaction parameter grade by grade. Results The stable and reproducible SRAP reaction system of T. sagittata has been developed. Conclusion SRAP is an effective method for T. sagittata identification in molecular degree and it has set up a foundation for the further species identification and genetic map construction of T. sagittata.