Background Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease and its treatment is surgical excision.But recurrence rate of pterygium is high after operation.Recently,some studies showed that the postoperatively topical administration of cyclosporine A (CsA) reduce the recurrence of pterygium,but this conclusion needs basis of evidence-based medicine.Objective This systematic review was to investigate the efficacy and safety of postoperatively topical usage of CsA in preventing the recurrence of primary pterygium.Methods A systematic literature retrieval was conducted and the relative articals were searched from MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP databases up to October 2012 according to searching strategy and correlated words.Randomized controlled trial (RCT) and prospective Cohort studies data were extracted by two researchers separately.The outcome parameters,such as the rate of recurrence,Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t) and complications were analyzed.The statistical analysis of the relative risk (RR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) was performed using a RevMan 5.0 software.Fixed-effect model was used for the inhomogeneity multiple studies (P≥0.1,homogeneity test I2 ＜ 50％),and random-effect model was used for the homogeneity study.Results Six prospective studies involving 366 eyes of 309 participants were identified,including 4 RCT and 2 non-RCT.The literature was published in 2008-2012 with the Jadad 5 scores in 1 paper and 2 scores in 3 papers for RCT and 6-7NOS (The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) scores in 2 papers for Cohort studies.Meta-analysis showed that the recurrence and complication rates were significantly lower in the CsA group than those of the control group (RR =0.39,95 ％ CI:0.24-0.64,P =0.0002 and RR =0.24,95％ CI:0.13-0.44,P ＜ 0.00001) respectively.The postoperatively increased value of S Ⅰ t in the CsA group was significantly higher than that of the control group (WMD =2.47,95％CI:1.59-3.35,P ＜ 0.00001).Subgroups analyses suggested that the results were comparatively reliable.Conclusions Postoperative application of CsA can be effective for preventing recurrences and reducing complications after primary pterygium surgery.

Objective To explore the application and clinical outcome of intracapsular reduction for comminuted distal radial fractures.Methods From January 2003 to October 2005,37 cases of comminuted fractures of distal radius were treated in our hospital.They were categorized according to the AO classification,and underwent open intracapsular reduction,internal fixation with either locking com- pressing plate(LCP)or external fixator according to the types of fractures.The results of treatment were evaluated by functions and X-ray examination of involved wrists.Results All the 37 patients were fol- lowed up regularly.Satisfied synostosis by X-ray had been acquired.The wrist functions were evaluated by the Gartland and Werley system to find excellent result in 26 cases,good in eight,fair in two,and poor in one,with the excellent and good rate of 92%.Conclusion For the treatment of comminuted distal radial fractures,open intracapsular reduction can obtain fast fracture healing and recovery of wrist joint function.

Objective: To discuss the selection pattern of points and meridians in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of gouty arthritis (GA) by analyzing clinical literatures related to GA, and to provide reference for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of GA. Methods: Clinical literatures related to GA treated with acupuncture-moxibustion published between January 1981 and July 2017 were collected from Chinese databases. The points, meridians, frequency and treatment methods were analyzed. Results: A total of 78 studies were included. For meridians, the top 5 meridians used were the Spleen Meridian (67 times), Liver Meridian (59 times), Stomach Meridian (53 times), Kidney Meridian (49 times) and Large Intestine Meridian (44 times). For points selection, the leading 5 points were Taichong (LR 3) (79 times), Taibai (SP 3) (68 times), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) (61 times), Taixi (KI 3) (57 times) and Yinlingquan (SP 9) (55 times). For major and adjunct points, the 5 most significant major points were Taichong (LR 3) (79 times), Taibai (SP 3) (68 times), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) (61 times), Yinlingquan (SP 9) (37 times) and Taixi (KI 3) (32 times). The 5 most significant adjunct points were Yanglingquan (GB 34) (31 times), Fenglong (ST 40) (30 times), Xuehai (SP 10) (29 times), Taixi (KI 3) (25 times) and Quchi (LI 11) (21 times). For treatment methods, the top 5 methods used were acupuncture-moxibustion alone for 15 studies, acupuncture combined with medicinal herbs for 11 studies, acupuncture-moxibustion combined with medicinal herbs for 10 studies, acupuncture alone for 7 studies, and electroacupuncture combined with bloodletting for 5 studies. Conclusion: The main meridians chosen in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of GA were the Spleen, Liver, Stomach, Kidney and Large Intestine Meridians, conforming to the syndrome differentiation principle of tonifying spleen and kidney, clearing heat and draining dampness. Points mainly locate at lower limbs and feet around the affected area, which was a reflection of peripheral treatment function of points. The data mining results of meridian and point selection in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of GA conform to the disease and syndrome differentiation theory and provide references for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of GA.

Objective To prospectively compare MR pulmonary perfusion imaging with quantitative HRCT for the detection of mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and classification of COPD.Methods Sixty-two consecutive patients with COPD and 17 healthy volunteers underwent pulmonary function test (PFT),HRCT and MR perfusion imaging on the same day.According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD),all COPD patients were classified into 4 stages:stage Ⅰ (n =19),stage Ⅱ (n =17),stage Ⅲ (n =14),stage Ⅳ (n =12).The signal intensity of perfusion defects (SIPD),signal intensity of normal lung perfusion (SInormal) on 3D MR perfusion were obtained through postprocessing and the signal intensity ratio (RSI) was calculated.The total lung volume (TLV) was calculated automatically on HRCT and the total emphysema volume (TEV) was obtained by applying -950 HU thresholds.The TEV/TLV was deduced as emphysema index (EI).Several comparisons were made between the volunteers and COPD patients by one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results The RSI,SIPD,PEI,MSI,MSD values of MRI perfusion in volunteers (43.9 ± 7.2,48.2 ± 19.7,31.4,55.7,44.1) were significantly different from those in patients with COPD (18.1 ± 8.1,47.4 ± 20.0,8.6,30.2,22.7) (P ＜ 0.01).The RSI showed a significant difference between stage Ⅰ (24.4 ± 9.8) and stage Ⅲ (15.9 ± 5.3) or Ⅳ (9.2 ± 2.7) and between stage Ⅱ (19.9 ± 3.1) and stage Ⅳ (t =4.05-6.64,P ＜0.01).However,all MRI perfusion parameters between stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ,stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ,stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ were no differences (t =2.00-4.46,P ＞ 0.05).The median of EI in volunteers and stage Ⅰ-Ⅳ COPD patients were 1.2,3.8,8.0,13.7,18.3,and the quartile range were 3.7,7.1,9.2,10.5,7.7,respectively.The EI in volunteers showed significant differences with that of stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ COPD and the EI of stage Ⅳ was different from that of stage Ⅱ or Ⅰ (t =-7.32--1.85,P ＜ 0.01),but there was no significant difference between volunteers and stage Ⅰ COPD (t =-1.99,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The RSI of MRI is more sensitive than that of HRCT for assessing mild COPD.The severity of COPD could be reflected by MRI perfusion and HRCT.

Objective: To explore the impact of ticagrelor on myocardial microcirculation in patients of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 80 NSTEMI patients treated in our hospital from 2015-03 to 2015-12 were enrolled. All patients received coronary angiography (CAG) and PCI, they were randomly divided into 2 groups: ticagrelor (TA) group and clopidogrel (CA) group, n=40 in each group. The baseline condition, PCI related parameters, plasma levels of SOD, MDA at pre- and 24h, 72h post-PCI were compared, the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) within 30 days after PCI was also compared between 2 groups. Results: The baseline condition, proportion of infarction-related vessels, average length and diameter of implanted stents were similar between 2 groups, all P>0.05. Compared with CA group, TA group had the less post-operative CTFC in LAD and RCA, P<0.05; while CTFC in LCX was similar between 2 groups, P>0.05. The ratios of acute pre-operative, post-operative TIMI grade 3 and slow flow incidence were similar between 2 groups, P>0.05. The peak values of CK-MB and cTnI in TA group were lower than CA group, P<0.05. Compared with baseline condition, MDA levels at 24h and 72h post-operation were increased in both groups, all P<0.001; compared with CA group, TA group had the lower MDA level at 24h post-operation, P=0.023, MAD was further reduced at 72h post-operation in TA group, P=0.043. Compared with baseline condition, SOD levels at 24h and 72h post-operation were decreased in both groups, all P<0.001; compared with CA group, TA group had the higher SOD level at 24h post-operation, P=0.013, SOD was elevated at 72h post-operation in both groups, the elevation was more obvious in TA group, P=0.049. The incidence of MACE was similar between 2 groups within 30 days of PCI,. Conclusion: Ticagrelor could improve myocardial microcirculation in NSTEMI patients after PCI; it was safe and without obvious adverse effects.

AIM:To investigate the effect of RWDD3 gene silencing on the biological characteristics of human glioma U251 cells.METHODS: A lentiviral vector expressing RWDD3 shRNA was constructed and transfeeted into the U251 cells.The expression of RWDD3 at mRNA and protein levels was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot , re-spectively .The cell activity was determined by MTT assay .The colony formation ability was detected by the colony forma-tion assay .The cell proliferation ability was detected by BrdU incorporation assay .The cell invasion and migration were evaluated by Transwell assay .Flow cytometry was used to monitor the changes of cell cycle distribution and apoptosis .RE-SULTS:Recombinant lentivirus was successfully transfected into U 251 cells.Compared with the cells transfected with the scrambled shRNA and control cells, the cell activity, colony formation ability, and the invasive and migratory activities were inhibited, the cell cycle was arrested in G 0/G1 phase, and the apoptosis was increased in the U 251 cells transfected with RWDD3 shRNA ( P <0.05 ) .CONCLUSION: RWDD3 plays a vital role in proliferation and invasion of glioma cells.It may serve as a potential target of gene therapy for glioma .

Objective To explore MR perfusion imaging characteristics of rabbit liver.Methods MR perfusion imaging was performed in 10 New Zealand rabbits)weight:2.5～3.0 kg)respectively.The MR perfusion imaging protocol consisted of T1-weighted fast field echo(FFE)sequences with a field of view of 355 mm×75 mm,matrix 89×256,TR/TE of 4.3/1.4 millisecond,slice thickness of 5 mm,intersection gap of 1 mm,NSA of 1.This sequence was repeated 65 times,in 4 slices(in total,80 seconds).The original data were transmitted to PHILIPS workstation and formed MR perfusion images automatically.The MR perfusion images in different liver tissues were observed and analyzed.Results The rabbit liver profiles were depicted on hepatic blood flow(HBF)and hepatic blood volume(HBV)images.Time-intensity curves derived from ROIs drawn in abdominal aorta appeared as a type of rapid increase and decrease,gradually increase in hepatic vein and slowly increase and decrease in normal liver tissues.The peak of MR signal intensity of abdominal aorta,hepatic vein and normal liver tissues were 496±131,323±92,194±58 separately.Conclusion MR perfusion imaging can be performed for rabbit liver successfully by using MR TFE series.The rabbit liver profiles are depicted by HBF and HBV images.The hemodynamics of different liver tissues can be responded by time-intensity curves preliminarily.

Objective: To study the correlation between MR perfusion imaging and pathology after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using VX2 liver cancer model and to provide a theoretical basis to evaluate the curative effect of TACE. Methods; Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits (weight: 2.5-3.0kg) were randomly divided into three groups, with 5 in each group (group 1, pre-TACE; group2, 3 days after TACE; group 3,1 week after TACE). The rabbit VX2 hepatic carcinoma models were presented in all rabbits. All of the three groups received TACE at three weeks after the tumor was implanted. The MR perfusion imaging was performed before chemoembolization, at 3 days and 1 week after chemoembolization respectively for group 1, 2 and 3. Each animal was then sacrificed for pathology observation after MR examination. Results: The lesions assessed before TACE were hyperintense compared with the surrounding liver parenchyma on DWI images. The volume of neoplastic cells became large. Nucleus was hypertrophic with different size and shape. Phase of nucleous mitosis showed in many cells and necrosis was hardly seen. No obvious difference was found between the peripheral area and the core area. At 3 days after TACE, the heterogeneous hypo-intense was observed on DWI images. Many nuclear fragmentation and caryolysis appeared on pathology. Neoplasm necrosis was seen. At 1 week after TACE, the heterogeneous hypo-intense areas became larger. Light microscopy showed incomplete necrosis. There were increased karyopycnosis and nuclear fragmentation. Conclusion: MR perfusion imaging of VX2 liver cancer corresponds well with pathology and can reflect the outcome of liver cancer after TACE.

OBJECTIVEDetermine the content of ursolic acid of Liuwei Dihuangwan.

METHODUsing NIR with PLS, PCA-BPANN and WT-BPANN.

RESULTThe predication recovery were 100.7%, 100.6%, 100.1%, and the RSD were 5.42%, 6.49%, 6.52% respectively.

CONCLUSIONNIR can be used in the determination of ursolic acid, which set up the foundation of on-line control of traditional Chinese medicine.

Cornus ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Triterpenes ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo observe and study the tissue characteristics of T. mongolicum ultramicro-power and dissolving-out characteristics of effective compositions.

METHODBy microscopic observation and thin-layer chromatography.

RESULTNearly all cell walls of T. mongolicum are broken and dissolving-out characteristics of effective compositions are remarkably improved, after it is ultramicro-porphyrized.

Caffeic Acids ; analysis ; Cell Wall ; ultrastructure ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Powders ; Solubility ; Taraxacum ; chemistry ; ultrastructure