Objective To describe the changes of waist circumference distribution and the prevalence of abdominal adiposity on Chinese adults aged 20-65,from 1993 to 2006.Methods This paper was based on the data collected in the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1993,1997,2000,2004 and 2006,and the subjects were men and women from 20 to 65 years old.Using the LMS method to construct the 15".50".and 85"percentile waist circumference percentile curves.The recommended cut-off points for abdominal adiposity were 85 cm and above for males and 80 cm and above for females.suggested in the"Guidelines for Overweight and Obesity Prevention and Control for Chinese Adults"in defining abdominal adiposity.Resuits Compared with 1993,the 2006 waist circumference distribution curves flattened and expanded at higher levels in males and females.The waist circumference increased from 77.1 cm to 82.9 cm among males and from 75.8 cm to 78.9 cm among females.A gradient of increasing prevalence of abdominal obesity was also observed in both sexes.In males,the prevalence increased from 17.9%to 42.5%while in females.it increased from 28.8%to 46.9%.Similar trends of increasing waist circumference and abdominal obesity were observed in underweight,normal weight,overweight and obesity.Subjects defined by body mass index(BMI)suggesting that primary prevention of abdominal obesity should be viewed as one of the major public health problems in China.Conclusion This study indicated that the rapid increase in waist circumference among Chinese adults from 1993 to 2006.A gradient of increasing prevalence of abdominal obesity was also observed in males and females.unless measures are taken to slow the increase in the course of the abdominal adiposity epidemic.the burden of obesity assoeiated morbidity and mortality in the Chinese can be expected to increese in future years.

Objective:To analyze the differentially expressed genes in PBMCs of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by bioinformatics methods screening and analyzing the key genes related to ferroptosis, and explore the possible mechanism of ferroptosis involved in the pathogenesis of SLE at the transcription level.Methods:The data sets and samples of healthy people (HC) and SLE patients who met the screening criteria were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), a sub-database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The differentially expressed genes, GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were analyzed by GEO2R, R language and related software packages. The protein interaction network (PPI) of differential genes was analyzed by STRING, Cytoscape and other tools to explore the key genes and pathways. In addition, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to verify the expression of key genes. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the expression of key genes in PBMCs between the two groups. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between SLE disease activity and the level of key genes. Results:Six data sets were included in this study. A total of 166 genes related to ferroptosis were differentially expressed between SLE and HC groups. The differential genes were specifically expressed in alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, CD49 + cells and CD31 + cells. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in multiple signaling pathways closely related to SLE, such as oxidative stress response, infection and TNF signaling pathway. Hub genes screened by different algorithms all suggested RELA as a key gene, and RT-qPCR confirmed that compared with the RELA gene expression level in the HC group [0.75(0.37,1.13)], the expression level in SLE group [2.02 (1.19,4.06)] was increased, the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-3.08, P=0.002), and was positively correlated with the corresponding SLEDAI score of SLE samples ( r=0.52, P=0.019). Conclusion:The ferroptosis of many immune cells, including alveolar macrophages and CD49 + NK cells, is involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. RELA may be involved in the ferroptosis of PBMCs in SLE through the NF-κB pathway.

To study the in vivo intestinal absorption kinetics of phloridzin in rats. The absorption of phloridzin in the small intestines and colon of rats was investigated using an in vivo single-pass perfusion method and the drug concentration was measured by HPLC. The effects on intestinal absorption of different drug concentration and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor were conducted. The results showed that the phloridzin could be absorbed in whole intestine, but more fully in the jejunum and colon segment,poorly absorbed in the duodenum and ileum. The absorption rate constant (Ka) and the apparent absorption coefficient（Papp）of phloridzin decreased following the sequence of jejunum> colon > duodenum > ileum. Absorption parameters of phloridzin had no significant difference at different concentration (5.14, 10.28, 20.56 mg•L⁻¹) . The saturate phenomena was not observed under the test range of drug concentration, and the absorption mechanism may be the passive diffusion transport.There had a significant difference in Ka and Papp values between P-gp inhibitor and no P-gp inhibitor groups. Phloridzin may be the substrate of P-gp.

Araloside A is one of the main active ingredients of Aralia taibaiensis. In this study, HPLC-MS/MS analysis method of araloside A in the main organs of SD rats was established. At the same time, the content of araloside A in the main organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain) after oral administration with araloside A (50 mg•kg⁻¹) were determined to explore the tissue distribution characteristics of araloside A in vivo. The results showed that the methodological study of araloside A in the main organs of SD rats met the requirements, araloside A distributed in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and brain tissues reached peak at 1 h or 2 h after oral administration with 50 mg•kg-1.The distributions of araloside A at different time points after administration were distinct as follows： the content of araloside A at 20 min：liver>heart>spleen>lung>kidney>brain; the content of araloside A at 1 h： liver>spleen>kidney>lung>heart>brain; the content of araloside A at 2 h： liver>kidney>heart>spleen>lung>brain; the content of araloside A at 4 h： kidney>liver>spleen>heart>lung>brain; the content of araloside A at 8 h： spleen>heart>liver>kidney>lung>brain. Therefore, araloside A was mainly distributed in liver tissue, which had a certain correlation with the common use of Aralia taibaiensis in the treatment of hepatic disease. In addition, araloside A shows a low content but an obvious distribution in brain tissues, which indicates that the drug can pass through blood-brain barrier, and provides the basis for the study of araloside A in brain tissue.

Objective: To identify the chemical constituents of Pinelliae Rhizoma(BX)by ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Method: Chromatograpic separation was performed on a shim-pack xR-ODS Ⅲ column (2.1 mm×75 mm,1.6 μm) using a gradient elution program with mixtures of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid-water as mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.25 mL·min^-1. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was developed for rapid and high-throughput screening of the preliminary chemical profile of BX in positive ion modes. Result: Ninety chemical components were found in BX,according to the accurate Charge-mass Ratio and the MS/MS data,retention time of reference standard,references or databases,the fragmentation regularities of mass spectra. Eighty were identified preliminarily,including 7 alkaloids,8 poly-alcohols,12 fatty glycerides,5 flavonoids,12 lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs),10 alcohol amines,11 amino acids,11 amides and 4 other type. Conclusion: LPCs were first found in BX. Because BX has certain toxicity,it is found that BX contains LPCs by analyzing the chemical constituents of BX,which can cause inflammatory reaction and neuronal myelin sheath loss and degeneration. Therefore,the analysis of the chemical composition of BX can explain the causes of the toxicity and provide a foundation for the basic research and quality control of the potency of BX.

OBJECTIVEThis study was aimed to investigate the morphological, immunophenotype, cytogenetic characteristics, clinical and therapy features in one elderly patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) combined with invasive aspergillose infection(IAI).

METHODSThe morphological features of bone marrow cells from patient were observed by light microscope, the immunophenotype were detected by flow cytometry, the cytogenetic characteristics were assayed by conventional chromosomal analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

RESULTSat onset of disease, the patient was diagnosed as B-CLL, Rai stage is II. He was treated with a course of RF(fludarabine 50 mg×5, rituximab 600 mg×5) chemotherapy, and achived complete remission (CR) lasting for five years, then the patient was treated with multiple courses of chemotherapy and maintained at a steady state of disease. After the last chemotherapy, this patient developed a fever, his temperature fluctuated at 37.2-38.7°C, the lung CT showed the presence of massive shadow, repeated 1-3-β-D-glucan test was positive,and he was considered as invasive aspergillosis infection, voriconazole was intravenously injected him for 2 months, his lung CT showed better efficacy. However, the leukemia continued progress, his hemogram was extremely low, invasive aspergillosis infection relapsed,voriconazole treatment was poor effect,ultimately this patient died of the rapid progress of leukemia and multiple organ invasive aspergillosis. Autopsy showed chronic lymphocytic leukemia with multiple metastases and multiple organ invasive aspergillosis.

CONCLUSIONinvasive aspergillosis is a serious complication for CLL patients,once occurs, the prognosis is poor,so early diagnosis and prophylactic antifungal therapy may reduce fungal infection complication.

Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; Antifungal Agents ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Aspergillosis ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Male ; Remission Induction ; Rituximab ; Vidarabine ; analogs & derivatives

Objective: To describe the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens at hematology department of Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2015 to provide reference for empirical anti-infection treatment. Methods: Pathogens were from hematology department of 26 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or agar dilution method. Collection of drug susceptibility results and corresponding patient data were analyzed. Results: The separated pathogens amounted to 4 306. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 64.26%, while the proportions of gram-positive bacteria and funguses were 26.99% and 8.75% respectively. Common gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli (20.48%) , Klebsiella pneumonia (15.40%) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.50%) , Acinetobacter baumannii (5.04%) and Stenotropho-monas maltophilia (3.41%) respectively. CRE amounted to 123 (6.68%) . Common gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (4.92%) , Staphylococcus hominis (4.88%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (4.71%) respectively. Candida albicans were the main fungus which accounted for 5.43%. The rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia resistant to carbapenems were 3.5%-6.1% and 5.0%-6.3% respectively. The rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to tobramycin and amikacin were 3.2% and 3.3% respectively. The resistant rates of Acinetobacter baumannii towards tobramycin and cefoperazone/sulbactam were both 19.2%. The rates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistant to minocycline and sulfamethoxazole were 3.5% and 9.3% respectively. The rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis resistant wards vancomycin were 0, 6.4% and 1.4% respectively; also, the rates of them resistant to linezolid were 1.2%, 0 and 1.6% respectively; in addition, the rates of them resistant to teicoplanin were 2.8%, 14.3% and 8.0% respectively. Furthermore, MRSA accounted for 39.15% (83/212) . Conclusions Pathogens were mainly gram-negative bacteria. CRE accounted for 6.68%. The rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia resistant to carbapenems were lower compared with other antibacterial agents. The rates of gram-positive bacteria resistant to vancomycin, linezolid and teicoplanin were still low. MRSA accounted for 39.15%.

This study was designed to explore the antipyretic mechanism of Pueraria radix. The method of network pharmacology was used to determine the known ingredients corresponding to Pueraria radix, predict the drug-related gene /protein targets, and analyze the interplay between key ingredients and targets. Biological Information Annotation Databases (DAVID) was used to enrich the biological processes and pathways. The result of network analysis was validated by molecular docking. It was found that 49 active ingredients of Pueraria radix not only regulate 21 targets (e.g. PTGS2, EGFR), but also affect 11 biological processes (e.g. oxidation-reduction process, prostaglandin synthesis, positive regulation of fever generation and inflammatory response) and 7 metabolic pathways (arachidonic acid metabolism, serotonergic synapse and HIF-1, et al). Molecular docking results showed that more than 65% of the active ingredients could be well docked with key targets, and the relevant literatures indicated that the active components could inhibit the expression of PTGS2, which means the result has a high reliability. These results indicated that Pueraria radix may carry its pyretic action via a "multi-ingredients-multi-targets-multi-pathways" mode, which provides a scientific basis for further research and drug development.

The purpose of this study was to explore the clinicopathological features, therapy and prognostic factors of elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The clinical data including general clinical characteristics, pathological features, chemotherapy selection and treatment response of 30 patients with NHL in our hospital from January 2003 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. The survival was analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier methods, and the prognosis was evaluated by COX regression multivariate analysis model. The clinical parameters selected include age, Ann Arbor stage, international prognostic index (IPI), B symptom and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. The results showed that all the patients suffered from underlying disease, and the cardiovascular disease (hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia) is the most common, and minority (8/30) combined with secondary tumor, the 63% (19/30) cases had B symptoms at diagnosis. only 2 cases were diagnosed as T-cell lymphoma; the 93% (28/30) cases combined with B-cell lymphoma, 57% (17/28) of them combined with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Ann-Arbor stage ≤ IIwas 37% (11/30);10(37%) patient's IPI score was ≤ 2, and 67% (20/30) was scored 3-5; 13(43%) patient's serum LDH level was abnormal. Modified R-CHOP chemotherapy was given individually on the basis of clinical features. The patients achieved complete remission, partial remission, stable disease, or progressive disease accounted for 14 (46.7%), 13 (43.3%), 1 (3.3%), and 2 (6.7%), respectively; the total reaction rate was 90% after 4 cycles of chemotherapy; the overall survival (OS) rate at 1 and 2 years was 73.3% and 43.3%, and progression-free survival (PFS)rate at 0.5 and 1 years was 62.2% and 54.9%; multivariate analysis by COX regression showed that B symptoms and Ann-Arbor stage were independent factors (P = 0.014, 0.039; RR = 6.678, 4.939, respectively) affecting the OS of elderly NHL, and IPI score affected PFS independently. It is concluded that elderly patients with NHL usually are of late stage at newly diagnosis and have suffered from underlaying diseases. Besides strengthening supportive treatment, modified R-CHOP chemotherapy should be given individually according to different prognosis. B symptoms and Ann-Arbor stage >II are indicators for poor prognosis of elderly NHL.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

A spectrum-activity relationship is established with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) fingerprints and the in vitro antioxidant activity to improve the quality evaluation system of Aralia taibaiensis. The HPLC profiles of 12 batches of samples were collected, and the similarity evaluation, heat map analysis and principal component analysis were conducted for the chemometric study of the fingerprint data. Combined with grey correlation analysis, the contributions of the common peaks in the fingerprints to the antioxidant activity were clarified, and the important peaks reflecting the efficacy were identified. The results showed that 17 common peaks were found in 12 batches of A. taibaiensis samples, and 6 of them were identified as saponins. Similarity evaluation, heat map analysis and principal component analysis roughly classified the A. taibaiensis herbs into two categories, i.e.,(1) S1-S10, S12 and(2) S11. Twelve batches of samples showed different antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, S9 had the strongest antioxidant activity, while S11 was the weakest in antioxidant capacity, which was basically consistent with the overall score results. The results of grey correlation analysis demonstrated that the 17 common peaks scavenged DPPH radicals in the following order: X_3>X_(17)>X_4>X_8>X_7>X_(13)>X_2>X_6>X_(11)>X_(10)>X_(16)>X_(12)>X_9>X_5>X_(14)>X_1>X_(15), and scavenged ABTS radicals in the order of X_4>X_3>X_7>X_8>X_2>X_(17)>X_(13)>X_6>X_(16)>X_(11)>X_5>X_(12)>X_(10)>X_9>X_(14)>X_1>X_(15). Among them, X_3, X_4, X_7(araloside C), X_8 and X_(17) were the important peaks reflecting the efficacy of A. taibaiensis, which were basically consistent with those contained in the principal component 1. In this study, the correlation between the HPLC fingerprints of 12 batches of A. taibaiensis and its antioxidant activity provides a reference for the Q-marker screening and quality control of A. taibaiensis.
Antioxidants ; Aralia ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Saponins