Catecholamines ; blood ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Water Sports ; physiology

Blood Chemical Analysis ; Humans ; Water Sports ; physiology

Objective To study the variation of the urogenital hiatus dimension in late pregnancy women by three-dimensional(3D) pelvic floor ultrasonography,to provide imaging evidence in the study of the relationship between pregnancy and pelvic floor dysfunction diseases.Methods Twenty nulliparas and forty late pregnancy women were examined by 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography to obtain the image of urogenital hiatus in which anteroposterior diameter of urogenital hiatus (AP),left to right diameter of urogenital hiatus (LR) and area of urogenital hiatus (HA) were measured and compared.AP,LR and HA were also compared between the late pregnancy women with stress urinary incontinence symptom and those without stress urinary incontinence symptom.Results AP,LR and HA in late pregnancy women were greater than those in nulliparas(all P ＜0.05) and had no difference between the late pregnancy women with stress urinary incontinence symptom and those without stress urinary incontinence symptom(all P ＞0.05).Conclusions 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography is an effective imaging method to observe pelvic support in pregnancy women.

Objective To observe the changes of S-opsin expression in guinea pigs with flickering light-induced and form-deprived myopia,and to investigate the causes.Methods Thirty-six two-week-old healthy guinea pigs were randomly assigned to three groups:Flickering light-induced myopia group(FLM group,n=13),form-deprived myopia group(FDM group,n=12) and control group(n=11).For the FLM group,the cages were equipped with astroboscope(0.5 Hz),and LEDs were used as the light source.The right eyes of the guinea pigs in FDM group wore translucent goggles which did not interfere with the normal activity of their eyelids.No special treatment was given to the guinea pigs in the normal groups.All measurements were performed prior to and then after 6 weeks of treatment.The first measurement day was recorded as 0 week.Biological parameters,such as the refraction,axial length(AL) and corneal radius of curvature(CRC),were measured and fundus photography is performed before and after 6 weeks of the treatment.The expression of S-opsin was observed and analyzed by immunofluorescence technique and image analysis system.Results Before the treatment,no significant difference was found in three biometric measurements including refraction,AL and CRC between the groups at 0 week(P>0.05).After the treatment for 6 weeks,significant differences were found in changes of both the biometric measurements between the FLM and control groups,and between the FDM and control groups(P<0.05).However,no significant differences were found in the changes of CRC among the FLM,FDM and control groups(P=0.358),indicating that myopia models were established successfully.No significant differences were found in the changes of values of refraction,AL and CRC between the FLM and FDM groups(P>0.05).Expression of S-opsin differed in the FLM and FDM groups.For the mean gray values of green channel,compared with the control group respectively,significant differences were found in both the FLM and FDM group(P<0.001).The mean gray value of green channel of the FLM group was higher,however the mean gray value of green channel of the FDM group was lower.Conclusions Both guinea pig models of flickering light-induced and form-deprived myopia can be established successfully.S-opsin is increased in the flickering light-induced myopia model and decreased in the form-deprived myopia model,indicating that the mechanisms of formation of these two experimental myopia models may be different.

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effect of highly selective M4 receptor antagonist MT3 on the form deprivation myopia in guinea pigs and its potential mechanism. Methods Thirty?two healthy male guinea pigs were ran?domly divided into three groups:control group, form deprivation group, and form deprivation + MT3 group, 8 animals in each group. Refraction was measured by retinoscopy after cycloplegia before and after the experiment. The ocular biological dimensions were measured by A?scan ultrasound. RT?PCR was used to detect the relative expression of TGF?β2 mRNA in the retina and choroid. Results Compared with the right eyes of control group, the right eyes of form deprivation + MT3 group developed relative myopia of -1?44 ± 0?50 D (right?left eye) (P =0?001). The vitreous chamber depth and axial length of the right eyes were significantly prolonged by 0?10 ± 0?02 mm and 0?14 ± 0?07 mm (P<0?001, P<0?001), respectively, but the increases of myopia and axial length were significantly smaller than that of the form deprivation group (P<0?001, P<0?001, P<0?001). Down?regulation of relative mRNA expression of TGF?β2 in retina and choroid was found in the form deprivation group (P<0?001, P =0?014) compared with the right eyes of the control group, while up?regulation of relative mRNA expression of TGF?β2 in retina and choroid was found in the form deprivation + MT3 group ( P<0?001, P<0?001). Conclusions MT3 can inhibit the development of form deprivation myopia in guinea pigs, which may play an important role by the regulation of TGF?β2 mRNA level in the retina and choroid.

Objective: To prepare Danshen Injection (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) by micelle-ultrafiltration. Methods: For preparing Danshen Injection, we packed the impurities in the macrofiltered liquor of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae with micelle of Tween-80, and ultrafiltered the compounds with ultrafiltration membrane withholding molecular weight more than 50000. Then we evaluated the process with the comprehensive indexes including loss rate of UV absorbance, loss rate of Protocatechualdehyde and the stability of transparence. Conclusion: The process of Danshen Injection prepared by micelle-ultrafiltration is better than that of ordinary ultrafiltration.

Objective To provide an effective imaging technique for the morphological observation of the urogenital hiatus in pelvic organ prolapse women using three-dimensional ultrasound. Methods In a prospective observational study, forty patients with pelvic organ prolapse and thirty nulliparous women underwent three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound, with the patients supine after bladder emptying. The three-dimensional ultrasound volume was acquired and the form, structure, composition and size of urogeital hiatus were observed in the axial plane set by interior-inferior edge of symphsis pubis and analrectum junction. Results The urogenital hiatus in pelvic organ prolapse women was obviously different from the control's. The size increased sharply, the morphology represented as oval replacing the normal rotundity, the middle line diverged from the normal position, organs inside the hiatus arranged abnormally and the connective tissue defected. Conclusions Three-dimensional ultrasound is an effective imaging method to observe female pelvic floor. Urogenital hiatus in pelvic organ prolapse women displayed abnormities with morphology and structure.

ObjectiveTo observe the morphology and structure of the urogenital hiatus in late pregnancy women using transperineal three-dimensional (3D) pelvic floor ultrasonography.Methods Twenty five nulliparas and fifty late pregnancy women were examined by transperineal 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography.The images of urogenital hiatus were obtained and compared to study their differences between nulliparas and late pregnancy women.Results Compared to nulliparas,urogenital hiatus in late pregnancy women tended to be circular and with an offset position.The puborectalis were bended and could be avulsed.Pelvic floor connective tissue could be loose.The morphology of vaginal might be abnormal and pelvic organ might prolapsed slightly.ConclusionsThe morphology and structure of urogenital hiatus in late pregnancy women are different to those in nulliparas,the hiatus tend to be slackness.3D pelvic floor ultrasonography is an effective imaging method to observe the morphology and structure of urogenital hiatus in pregnancy women.

Objective To define the three-dimensional relationship of the uncinate fasciculus,anterior commissure, inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, and optic radiation, to determine the positioning landmarks of these white matter tracts by using the diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Methods The anatomy was studied in 10 adult human brain specimens (20 hemispheres). DTT of the brain was performed on 10 healthy volunteers. DTT of the white matter tracts in the temporal stem was performed by using of the simple one regions-of-interest (ROI) and muhiple-ROl based on the anatomic knowledge and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results The inferior limiting sulcus averaged (46.3 ± 3.1)mm in length. The shortest distance from the inferior limiting sulcus to the superior floor of the temporal horn averaged (6.5 ± 1.8)mm. The posteroinferior insular point was the anterior extremity of intersection of the Heschl's gyrus and the inferior limiting sulcns. On the inferior limiting sulcns, this point was the posterior border of the optic radiation, and the temporal stem begined at the limen insulae and ended at the posteroinferior insular point. Its length averaged (33.0 ± 2. 9) mm. The distance from the limen insulae to the tip of the temporal horn averaged(10.9 ± 1.7)mm is just one thirds of the length of the temporal stem.The uncinate fasciculus and anterior commissure made up the core of the anterior temporal stem, with the anterior commissure located psoteriorly, and they occupied the anterior one third of the temporal stem together. The inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus passed through the entire temporal stem. The most anterior extension of Meyer's loop was located between the anterior tip of the temporal horn and the limen insulea.However, Most of the optic radiation crossed the postmedian two thirds of the temporal stem. Conclusion On the inferior limiting sulcus, the posteroinferior insular point is a reliable landmark of the posterior border of the optic radiations. The limen insulae, anterior tip of the temporal horn, and posteroinferior insular point may be used to localize the white matter fibers of the temporal stem in analyzing MR imaging or during surgery.