Objective In order to find out certain properate training model for nursing students' ability of general health education.Methods Carried out a one to one teaching model which based on the problem-based learning methods in 900 nursing students,and then evaluated the teaching effects by examination and questionnaire investigation.Results The health education capability of nursing students had promoted significantly,the qualification rate was 100%,nursing students'satisfactory rate for the training model was 100%.Conclusions This training model is feasible and effective in promoting the capability of nursing students in health education.

Objectives To evaluate the performances of transcranial Doppler (TCD) and vessel-encoded arterial spin labeling MRI perfusion imaging (VE-ASL) in the evaluation of collateral circulation of cerebral arteries. Methods Thirty patients with unilateral ICA or MCA stenosis diagnosed by TCD and carotid duplex ultrasound and confirmed by MRA underwent VE-ASL. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) of bilateral MCA in the same depth, distal to the stenosis site, was recorded. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in bilateral MCA territories was measured by VE-ASL. The detection rates of collater-al flow using TCD and VE-ASL were compared. Results TCD revealed that PSV in the ipsilateral and contralateral MCA were (31.6 ± 10.5) cm/s and (83.1 ± 9.2) cm/s, respectively. VE_ASL revealed that CBF in the ipsilateral and contralateral MCA territory were (22.5±9.8) mL·min-1·100g-1 and (31.7±8.3) mL·min-1·100g-1, respectively. The PSV ratio of the ipsi-lateral/contralateral MCA was significantly lower than the CBF ratio of the ipsilateral/contralateral MCA(0.37 ± 0.173 vs. 0.66±0.141, P=0.001). The detection rates of collateral flow using TCD were lower than those using VE-ASL. The detec-tion rate was 26.7% vs. 70% on TCD vs. VE-ASL in anterior collateral circulation (P=0.001), was 16.7% vs. 60% (P<0.001) on TCD vs. VE-ASL in posterior collateral circulation. The total display rate of collateral flow was 36.7%vs. 86.7%on TCD vs. VE-ASL (P<0.001). Conclusions TCD is inferior to VE-ASL in evaluating the collateral circulation because of the limitations including the anatomical variations of the circle of Willis and formation of leptomenigeal anastomoses.

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin Ⅱ has been found to induce atrial electrical remodeling, which can be blocked or inhibited by allicin.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of allicin on angiotensin Ⅱ-induced calcium channel current and intracellular free calcium concentration in human atrial myocytes.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study based on human atrial myocytes freshly isolated.SETTING: Cardiology department of a military medical university of Chinese PLA.METHODS: This study was carried out from June 2003 to June 2004 in the Laboratory of Cardiology Department, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Ten patients with congenital heart disease who underwent extracorporeal circulation surgery were included in the study. Among them, there were 6 males and 4 females with the average age of 15 ± 6 years. Tissue samples were taken from their right auricle and sent to the lab, where the atrial myocytes were freshly isolated. There were four co-administration of angiotensin Ⅱ (0. 1 μmol/L)and allicin(50 μmol/L).The conventional whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique was used to detect membrane electric current of Ca2 + in L type. Confocal microscope was used with Fluo-3/AM as calcium indicator to detect changes of intracellular free calcium concentration immediately and 15 minutes after drug intervention, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The peak density of electric current of Ca2 + in L type and alteration of fluoresence intensity of intracellular free calcium concentration.electric current of Ca2 + in L type in human atrial myocytes was significantly increased by angiotensin Ⅱ of 0. 1 μmol/L[( - 12. 77 ± 1. 61) vs ( -5.78affect electric current of Ca2+ in L type in human atrial myocytes group, the peak density of electric current of Ca2 + in L type was significantly lower than that in angiotensin Ⅱ group[ ( - 8.75 ± 0.97) pA/pF, P ＜ 0. 05 ].in angiotensin Ⅱ group was significantly higher than that in control and allicin groups[(2 610.1±112.6, (299.2±27.3)%; 653.9±42.5, 0;simultaneously with angiotensin Ⅱ, the alteration of intracellular fluoresence intensity was much lower than that in angiotensin Ⅱ group[ ( 1284.9 ± 85.2,(96.5±8.4)%;P ＜0.05].CONCLUSION: Allicin antagonizes angiotensin Ⅱ-induced increase in the peak density of electric current of Ca2+ in L type and intracellular calcium overload, which may relieve atrial electrical remodeling.

Objective To investigate the psychological well-being and the correlation between psychological status and social support among the settled immigrations from Three Gorges Reservoir areas. Methods A cluster randomized sampling was selected and 646 objects were interviewed with Basic Situation Scale,Symptom Check-list 90(SCL-90) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Results Our findings from the results of SCL-90 revealed that the positive rate of psychological problem was higher in settled immigration than that of local permanent residents (χ2= 4.10, P=0.04). The differences of scores on 6 factors including compulsion ( t=2.644, P=0.009 ), interpersonal-sensitivity ( t= 3.220, P =0.001), depression ( t=2.684, P=0.008 ), anxiety ( t=3.003, P= 0.003 ), paranoid-ideation ( t =3.246, P=0.001 ), psychoticism ( t=2.088, P=0.038) and the total score ( t=2.506, P=0.013) were significantly different in female between the two groups. There were also significant differences of 10factors score and total score (t=4.114, P=0.000) noticed between the two groups in age≤50 (P<0.05) and the differences of 4 factors score including somatization ( t=2.777, P=0.006), interpersonal-sensitivity (t=2.384, P=0.018), hostility ( t = 3.174, P = 0.002), paranoid ideation ( t = 2.611, P =0.010). The total scores (t = 2.125, P = 0.034) were significantly different between the two groups in illiteracy and having received primary school education. Other than compulsion factor (t = 1.884, P =0.061) and phobic anxiety factor (t = 0.979, P = 0.328), there were significant differences on other factors and the total score between the two groups in non-farmers (P< 0.05). Except compulsion (r =- 0.103,P >0.05), hostility ( r = -0.084, P>0.05) and paranoid ideation factor ( r =-0.071, P>0.05), the negative correlations were obvious between the total score, other factors score and social support(P<0.05 ). The negative correlation was obvious between somatization (r=-0.128, P<0.05 ),depression ( r=-0.140, P<0.05 ), anxiety. ( r=-0.137, P<0.05 ), phobic anxiety ( r =-0.120, P <0.05),additional factor ( r=-0.143, P<0.05) total score ( r =-0.137, P< 0.05) and subjective support. The correlation coefficient was not significant between SCL-90 total score, 10 factors score and that of objective support (P>0.05). Conclusion The psychological status of settled immigration was not satisfactory and closely correlated to psychological mental level and social support.

Objective: To study the methylation state within MAGE 1 B′B promoter in gastric carcinoma and the association between demethylation and pathological differentiation, the association between demethylation and clinical stage. Methods: Using methylation sensitive restriction analysis followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),we studied 80 specimen that were obtained from surgical samples (including 40 gastric carcinoma and 40 matched adjacent normal gastric mucosae).Results: An demethylation state was identified in DNA from gastric carcinoma specimens.The demethvlation rate is 25%(10/40).In contrast,no demethylation state was identified in DNA from matched adjacent normal gastric mucosae. The differences were Significant statistically. ln our study, the demethylation in poorly, moderately, and well differentiated glandulous cell carcinoma were detected at frequencies of 50%,18.7% and 8.3%,respectively, The differences were significant statistically ( P

Objective To compare the diagnosis results of endemic skeletal fluorosis from clinical and X-rays examinations, in order to provide the foundation for revising clinical diagnostic standard of endemic skeletal fluorosis. Methods The 675 inhabitants aged 16 to 60 years old were retrospectively chosen as subjects in 15 villages drinking un-improved water, where they lived for 10 years or more. Drinking water fluoride were rated as 0.5,1.0, 1.5,2.0,2.2,2.4,3.0,3.5,4.0,6.0,7.0 mg/L levels in Qianan and Nongan County of Jilin Province. The clinical and X-rays results of endemic skeletal fluorosis were analyzed and compared at different drinking water fluoride levels. Results The clinically detectable rates of endemic skeletal fluorosis(21.43%,22.45% ,21.28%, 19.05%, 38.89%) were higher than that of X-rays(0,2.04%,0,4.76%, 12.96%, X2=7.96,9.49,11.19,4.08,9.45, P<0.05) when fluoride content of drinking water was 2.0,2.2,2.4,3.0,4.0 mg/L. X-rays detective rates were 0 at water fluorides levels of 2.0,2.4 mg/L and still low at water fluoride levels of 3.0,4.0 mg,/L. The difference of detective rates of endemic skeletal fluorosis between the clinical (1.00%,4.44%, 7.23%, 18.00%, 54.39%, 49.18%) and X-rays (0,2.22%, 3.61%, 8.00%, 36.84%, 52.46%) were not statistically significant at water fluorides levels of 0.5,1.0,1.5,3.5,6.0,7.0 mg/L(X2=1.00,0.17,0.47,2.21,3.54,0.13, P>0.05). Conclusions The detectable rates of skeletal fluorosis increase with the increased concentration of water fluoride, which is more reliable for clinical examination than for X-rays method.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effect of integrated traditional and western medicine in the treatment of post stroke depressive disorder (PSDD). MethodsThe data of 52 patients of PSDD evaluated on self rating depression scale(SDS) before and after treatment were analyzed statistically. ResultsThe curing rate of PSDD is about 78.85%.There was an apparent decrease in the level of SDS before and after treatment(P<0.001). ConclusionsThe treatment of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine can produce a good effect on PSDD.

Nine morphologic traits, plant height, ground diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area of plant, leaf fresh weight, blades, length/width ratio, plant fresh weight of Anoectochilus roxburghii from 13 different areas were determined for correlation analysis, path analysis and principal components analysis. Different source of morphological trait variation coefficient of A. roxburghii was 2.96% -12.59%, plant fresh weight was significant positively correlated with ground diameter, plant height and leaf number, and positively correlated with leaf fresh weight. Path analysis showed that plant height had the largest positive direct effect on plant fresh weight, the leaf fresh weight and blades number had indirect effects on the plant fresh weight. Through principal component analysis, morphological traits of A. roxburghii can be divided into "Determinants of high-yielding morphology" and "Determinants of leaf production". In the actual process of production and breeding of A. roxburghii, we should pay attention to plant height, leaf fresh weight, blades numbers and other traits.
China ; Orchidaceae ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Phenotype ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; growth & development

The growing status of Anoectochilus roxburghii seedling was observed and the survival rate of seedlings, height, stem diameter and plant fresh weight under the conditions of different transplanting substrate compositions, planting density, shading rate were measured. The results showed that the effects of different transplanting substrates, planting densities, shading rates and nutrient solutions on the growing status of A. roxburghii plantlets varied greatly. A. roxburghii plantlets demonstrated a high survival rate and better growing status under the Following conditions: the ratio of peat and river sand as 2: 1, the planting density as 3 cm x 3 cm, the shading rate as 70%, and the nutrient solution as 1/4MS. The findings of the study provide a solid technical solution for the artificial cultivation of A. roxburghii plantlets.
Breeding ; methods ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Orchidaceae ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Seedlings ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Survival Analysis

Objective To evaluate the value of transperineal targeted biopsy with real-time fusion images of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa).Methods Clinical and imaging data of 62 consecutive patients suspected of PCa at the mpMRI scan and PSA>4.0 μg/L were retrospectively analyzed.Targeted biopsies (TB)were carried out for each cancer-suspicious lesion,and followed a systematic 12-core biopsy (SB) protocol.Pathological findings of TB and SB were analyzed.Results The age of the patients was (68.38± 6.57)years (range 5 1 -79 years).The preoperative PSA value was (10.21 ±5.57)μg/L (range 4.5 -30.1μg/L).Preoperative prostate volume was (34.05±9.86)ml (range 19-64 ml).The PCa patients detected by SB and/or TB were 34 (54.8%).Cancer-detected rates of SB and TB cores were 7.53% and 26.2%, respectively (P <0.001).The positive core length of SB and TB cores were (3.71 ±2.77)mm (range 1 -14 mm)and (5.00±3.04)mm (range 2-1 7 mm),respectively (P =0.016).The positive core percent of SB and TB cores were (28.77 ± 20.13 )% (range 7 - 100%)and (35.76 ± 1 8.73 )% (range 1 1 % - 100%), respectively (P =0.048).Moreover,clinically cores detected by the SB and TB for final diagnosis of PCa were 19 cores (2.6%)and 48 cores (1 8.5%),respectively (P < 0.001 ).Conclusions Transperineal TB using real-time TRUS and mpMRI fusion imaging can improve sampling quality and elevate clinically detection rate of PCa when application combined with SB.