Objective To compare the clinical data of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers and chronic hepatitis B so that to provide pathological evidence for management of chronic HBV carriers with different alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels.MethodsLiver biopsies were performed in totally of 292 cases of chronic HBV infection.The subjects were divided into HBV carrier group (G0-G1 and S0-S1) and hepatitis group (G＞ 1 and/or S＞ 1) according to the pathological diagnosis. The relationships between different age subgroups, different ALT level subgroups and pathological diagnosis were analyzed. Meanwhile,other clinical,biochemical,and iconographic indexes which were possibly related to the pathology diagnosis were compared. The multivariate analysis was done by Logistic regression equation (withdrawal method, maximum likelihood method) to definite the independent influencing factors of pathologically diagnosed with chronic HBV carrier.ResultsAmong the 292 patients,140 (47.9％) were pathologically diagnosed with chronic HBV carries and 152 (52.1％)were chronic hepatitis B. There were statistical differences between ≤35 years group and 36-40 years,＞40 years group (x2 =3.936 and 8.534,respectively; P =0.047 and 0.003,respectively). There were statistical difference among patients with ALT＜0.5×upper limit normal (ULN),(0.5-1.0) ×ULN,(1.1-1.5) ×ULN,(1.6-2.0) ×ULN and ＞2.0 × ULN (x2 =55.314,P＜0.01),while there was no significant difference between (1.1-1.5) × ULN and ＞2.0 × ULN (x2 =3.810,P=0.051). Multivariate analysis indicated that course of disease,alcohol consumption,ALT,HBV DNA level and the surface of liver (smooth or not smooth)detected by ultrasonography were independent influencing factors of pathological diagnosis of chronic HBV carriers (OR =0.995,0.224,0.516,1.308 and 0.270,respectively; P=0.005,0.007,0.000,0.025 and 0.001,respectively).ConclusionLiver biopsy is much meaningful in patients with age ＞35 years old and ALT (1-2)× ULN.

Objective To verify the value of routine laboratory markers for assessment of liver fibrosis status in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers.Methods A total of 196 patients who were clinically diagnosed with chronic HBV carriers with liver biopsy and routine laboratory test were included in this study. The data of complete blood count, aspartate aminofransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT),aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and ageplatelet index (API) were collected and calculated.Patients were divided into group S0 (n=112) and group S1- S3 (n =84) based on liver fibrosis stages.Measurement data were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test and enumeration data were analyzed by chi square test.Results All 196 enrolled HBV carriers were HBV DNA positive,with 156 (79.6％) HBeAg-positive.Age,ALT,AST,AST/ALT,APRI and API were all significantly higher in group S1- S3 than those in group S0 (statistic value=7.705,6.33,7.095,4.977,11.059,8.936,respectively; all P＜0.05).However,PLT level was lower in the former group compared to that in the latter group (statistic value=10.196,P＜0.05 ).The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of APRI and API were 0.827and 0.829,respectively.The highest sensitivity and negative prediction value (NPV) were 70.46 ％and 71.43 ％ respectively when using API.The best specificity and positive prediction value (PPV)was 92.94％ and 92.86％,respectively when using APRI.When APRI≥0.30 was used as the cut-off of liver fibrosis,97.62 ％ of 119 patients were diagnosed with liver fibrosis; when API≥4.0 was used as the cut-off of liver fibrosis, 96.43％ of 112 patients were diagnosed with liver fibrosis.Conclusion APRI and API are two simple and feasible non-invasive biochemical markers that can be used to determine liver fibrosis status in chronic HBV carriers.

Objective To investigate the expressions of the annexin A1 ( ANXA1 ) in pancreatic cancer and the correlations with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Methods Tissue microarray instrument was used to construct the chip. There were 39 samples of normal pancreas tissue, 42 samples of pancreatic cancer, 7 samples of islet cell tumor and 8 samples of ampullary carcinoma. The expressions of ANXA1 and PCNA protein were examined by immunohistochemistry and their correlation was analyzed. Results The off-chip rate of tissue chips after immunohistochemistry was 11.7% ～ 13.3%, which could satisfy the needs for experiment. Immunohistochemical results of pancreatic cancer tissue microarray showed that the positive rate of ANXA1 expression in pancreatic cancer was 71.4% (30/42), which was significantly higher when compared with that of normal pancreas tissue ( 18.4%, 7/38; P < 0. 01 ). The positive rate of PCNA expression in pancreatic cancer was 73.8% (31/42), which was significantly higher than that of normal pancreas tissue (22.2%, 8/36; P < 0.01 ). The expression of ANXA1 had a significant correlation with PCNA in pancreatic cancer ( P < 0.01 ). Conclusions The expression of ANXA1 protein was significantly increased in pancreatic cancer. The expression of ANXA1 was significantly correlated with the expression of PCNA.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical components of essential oils from Meconopsis oliverana and their antioxidant activity.

METHODThe essential oil was extracted by steam distillation, and GC-MS analysis was used to identify its constituents. The OH free radical scavenging activity of the essential oils was evaluated with an enzyme mark instrument by assay of the ability of DPPH free radical scavenging. BHT was used as positive control.

RESULTForty-seven compounds, account for 91.866% of the essential oils, were identified. The ability of scavenging OH and DPPH radicals of the essential oils is stronger than that of BHT.

CONCLUSIONThe main chemical constituents of the essential oils from M. oliverana are n-hexadecanoic acid (27.653%) and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (16.330%). And the essential oils showed strong antioxidant activity.

Antioxidants ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Biphenyl Compounds ; metabolism ; Butylated Hydroxytoluene ; metabolism ; China ; Fatty Alcohols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Free Radical Scavengers ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Hydroxyl Radical ; metabolism ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Palmitic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Papaveraceae ; chemistry ; Picrates ; metabolism ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the status of enterovirus (EV) infection in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI).

METHODSA total of 404 samples (with odd numbers) of nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from the children who were hospitalized in the Children's Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital due to ALRTI between September 2007 and April 2008. The conserved sequence in the 5'-noncoding region of EV was used to design the primer, and nested RT-PCR was performed to detect EV in the samples.

RESULTSOf the 404 samples, 19 (4.7%) were EV-positive, and mostly taken from children under 3 years of age (95%); there was no significant difference in the detection rate between male and female children. Of the EV-positive children, 13 (68%) were clinically diagnosed with bronchial pneumonia, and 6 (32%) with bronchiolitis; 90% of them showed symptoms of fever, 84% had a cough, 63% had asthma, and 63% had complications mainly including diarrhea (6 cases), granulocytopenia (4 cases), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (2 cases). In addition, 26% of the EV-positive children had leukocyte disorder, more than half had liver dysfunction, and a few had myocardial involvement.

CONCLUSIONSEV is a pathogen that should not be neglected in children with ALRTI. For these children, close attention should be paid to the epidemiological status and clinical features of EV infection, and blood routine examination, liver function test and myocardial enzyme assay should be carried out periodically to improve prognosis.

Acute Disease ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enterovirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nasopharynx ; virology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; virology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between hepatic histopathological changes and clinical characteristics in chronic HBV carriers.

METHODA retrospective analysis was performed based on the hepatic biopsy findings, clinical laboratory results, and ultrasound examinations in 142 chronic HBV carriers. The patients were divided into two groups according to their serum HBV DNA replication and the pathological alterations in their livers.

RESULTSThe average age of the 142 patients was (24.8+/-8.7) years old. Among them, 129 were diagnosed as chronic HBV carriers based on their positive HBV DNA results. Thirteen were diagnosed as non-active HBsAg carriers. Hepatitis B family history was found in 31.0% of the cases. Normal liver tissues (G0S0) were found in the specimens of 33 cases (G > or = 1 and/or S > or = 1) chronic hepatitis B was diagnosed based on the biopsies in 106 cases, including an early stage of hepatic cirrhosis in 1 case (G4S4). There were no obvious differences between HBV DNA positive and negative group cases. The levels of HBV DNA in all the 129 cases of chronic HBV carriers were more than 1.0 x 10(4) copy/ml and the average value was (7.58+/-0.99) log10 copy/ml. Of the 129 cases, 123 were HBeAg positive (95.3%). Increased levels of gamma-globulin were detected in 45.8% of the cases and fibrosis index increased in 37.1%; 40.1% of the cases showed abnormalities in their ultrasound examinations. The average PCIII value of the chronic HBV carrier group (G > or = 1 and/or S > or = 1) was higher than that of the non-active HBsAg carrier group (P = 0.016). Spearman's analysis indicated that the inflammation grade (G) was correlated with the hepatic fibrosis index PCIII, and the correlation coefficient was 0.391 (P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONThe patients in our study have a higher HBV DNA replication in their sera and have mild inflammation in their livers. Inflammation grade (G) and fibrosis stage (S) have no correlation with the level of HBV DNA or the state of HBeAg positivity. The increased level of PCIII might be related to their hepatic inflammation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Carrier State ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of losartan on prostatic hyperplasia in spontaneous hypertension rats (SHRs) and its pathophysiological mechanism.

METHODSWe randomly divided 36 male SHRs into three groups of equal number to be treated intragastrically with high-dose losartan (30 mg per kg per d), low-dose losartan (15 mg per kg per d) and distilled water (control group). After 6 weeks of intervention, we measured the body weight and tail artery blood pressure of the rats and compared them with the baseline data. We collected blood from the heart for determination of the levels of serum angiotensin II (Ang II), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and harvested their prostates for measurement of their weight, observation of the tissue ultrastructures under the electron microscope and detection of the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the prostate tissue by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the low- and high-dose losartan groups showed significant decreases in systolic blood pressure ([203.75 +/- 10.28] vs [184.54 +/- 16.90] mmHg, P = 0.013; [203.75 +/- 10.28] vs [166.88 +/- 14.74] mmHg, P = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure ([151.58 +/- 9.96] vs [136.71 +/- 14.28] mmHg, P = 0.022; [151.58 +/- 9.96] vs [122.71 +/- 11.56] mmHg, P < 0.001) of the lower tail artery after treatment, as well as in the prostate weight ([0.73 +/- 0.08] vs [0.64 +/- 0.10] mg, P = 0.011; [0.73 +/- 0.08 ] vs [0.50 +/- 0.17] mg, P < 0.001). Electron microscopy revealed edema of the basal and columnar epithelial cells, concentrated and marginated heterochromatin and widened nuclear gap of interstitial fibroblast nuclei, and reduced mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula in the low-dose losartan group, and even more obvious in the high-dose group. The level of serum Ang II was remarkably higher in the low- and high-dose losartan groups than in the control ([61.32 +/- 2.49] vs [54.85 +/- 7.20] pg/ml, P = 0.021; [65.49 +/- 6.78] vs [54.85 +/- 7.20] pg/ml, P < 0.001]) , that of serum IGF-1 was lower in high-dose losartan than in the control group ([1.50 +/- 0.11] vs [1.60 +/- 0.10] ng/ml, P = 0.03), but the serum IL-6 levels exhibited no significant differences among the three groups. The expression of eNOS in the prostate tissue was significantly higher in the losartan groups than in the controls (P = 0.022), even higher in the high-dose than in the low-dose group.

CONCLUSIONLosartan can suppress the progression of prostate hyperplasia in spontaneous hypertension rats by inhibiting RAS, IGF-1 and angiogenesis.

Angiotensin II ; blood ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Losartan ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Prostate ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR

Objective:To discuss the onset and development pattern and characteristics of refeeding syndrome (RFS) induced by nutrition support and to provide reference for rational drug use in parenteral nutrition management.Methods:Case reports of RFS from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP database and Pubmed from 2000 to 2020 were retrieved. The clinical data were collected and statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 17 reports, including 17 cases, were included in the analysis. Patients were 6 males(35.29%) and 11 females (64.71%). The distribution of age was from 29 weeks in a premature neonate to 87 years old. 12 cases (70.59%) of RFS occurred within 3 days after starting the nutrition support. The most common clinical manifestation were cardiovascular system symptoms (88.23%), with dyspnea as the most reported symptom (41.17%). 15 patients (88.23%) recovered after appropriate intervention and 2 patients died(11.76%).Conclusions:Refeeding syndrome is a potentially fatal condition. The risk of RFS should be assessed before initiating nutrition support. Patients at risk of RFS must be monitored closely at the early stage of nutritional support.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the viral etiology in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) plus platelet disorders.

METHODSA total of 255 children with ALRTI plus platelet disorders and 442 children with ALRTI and normal platelets, all of whom were hospitalized between March 2010 and February 2011, were included in the study. Their nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected, and RT-PCR or PCR was performed to detect 14 viruses.

RESULTSOf 255 ALRTI patients with platelet disorders, thrombocytosis was found in 253 cases (99.2%) and thrombocytopenia in 2 cases (0.8%). Among ALRTI patients with platelet disorders, 173 (67.8%) were infected with at least one virus, with human rhinovirus as the most common one, followed by parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The detection rate of PIV3 in the abnormal platelet group was significantly higher than in the normal platelet group (P<0.05). In contrast, the detection rate of influenza virus B (IFVB) in the abonormal platelet group was significantly lower than in the normal platelet group (P<0.05). The age distribution showed significant difference between the abnormal and normal platelet groups (P<0.01). Platelet disorders were mainly found in children under one year of age (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThrombocytosis is often found in children with ALRTI caused by viruses, especially PIV3, but infection with IFVB seldom causes platelet disorders. Hospitalized children with ALRTI under one year tend to develop platelet disorders.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; blood ; complications ; virology ; Thrombocytopenia ; etiology ; Thrombocytosis ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the viral etiology of acute low respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) among hospitalized children in Changsha of Hunan Province of China.

METHODSNasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 1165 hospitalized children with ALRTI in Changsha from September 2007 to August 2008. Respiratory syncytin virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (HRV), influenza virus A (IFVA), influenza virus B (IFVB), parainfluenza 1-3 (PIV 1-3), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human coronaviruses NL63 (HCoV-NL63), and human coronaviruses HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Adenovirus (ADV) and human bocavirus (HBoV) were detected by standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR). WU polyomaviruses (WUPyV) and KI polyomaviruses(KIPyV) were detected by nested PCR. The positive samples further underwent genetic sequencing.

RESULTSAmong the 1165 nasopharyngeal aspirates, viruses were detected in 871 samples (74.76%), among which RSV (27.03%) was the most common virus, followed by HRV (17.33%), PIV3 (13.73%), HBoV (8.67%) and hMPV (6.52%). The overall positive rate of viral detection showed no significant differences between males and females (X2=2.241, P=0.134), whereas the positive rates of PIV3, hMPV, and HBoV in males were higher than in females. The positive rate of viral detection showed significant differences among different age groups (X2=10.934, P=0.027), and the highest positive rate was noted in the age group of 6 months to 1 year. Furthermore, the overall positive rate of viral detection showed a significant difference in term of seasonal distribution, with a peak prevalence in winter.

CONCLUSIONSVirues predominate in the etiology of pediatric ALRTI in Changsha, and RSV, HRV and PIV3 are the main viruses for ALRTI. HBoV and hMPV have become increasingly important. Viral infection-associated ALRTI shows a prevail in the age group of 6 months to 1 year as well as in winter.

Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Nasopharynx ; virology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; etiology ; virology ; Seasons ; Sex Distribution ; Viruses ; isolation & purification