Lipids of Thamnidium elegans,Mortierella ramanninace,Rhizopus arrhizus,Pythium irregulare and Rhodotorulla aurantiaca were extracted by Soxhlet extraction,supercritical-CO 2 fluid extraction,acid-heating extraction and organic solvent extraction,respectively.Four extraction methods were evaluated on sample treatment,minimum sample quantity,requirements of apparatus,ability of treating sample and content of lipid.The components of fatty acids were analysed by gas chromatography.Soxhlet extraction can acquired maximum lipid content,but it took the most time.Supercritical-CO 2 fluid extraction and acid-heating extraction has a same lipid content which was lower than that of Soxhlet extraction.Acid-heating extraction was the most handy,and its ability to treat sample in a hour was the most powerful.Organic solvent extraction was less efficient.Acid-heating extraction was a simple and efficient method of fungi lipid extraction fitting to breed mutant strains that highly producting lipid and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Objective To explore the operative methods and clinical outcomes in emergency or sube- mergency repair for the complicated tissue defects in hand in first stage applying microsurgical technique. Methods From Jan.,2000 to Aug.,2005,49 emergency cases of complicated hand tissue defects were re- paired in the first stage with replantation,reconstruction,free flaps,combined finger reconstruction and flap transplantation,including 21 cases in mini tissue mass replantation or reconstruction,15 cases in replantation combined with free flap transplantation,8 cases in replantation and reconstruction combined with free flap transplantation,5 cases in combined multiple digits reconstruction with free flap transplantation.The free flap transplantation included the anterolateral femoral flap,the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap,the dorsalis pe- dis flap,the media pedis flap and the instep flap.Results All the flaps,the replanted and reconstruceted finger survived uneventfully except for one replanted finger necrosis.45 cases healed in the first stage and the other 4 cases healed in the second stage.During a follow-up from 6 months to 3 years postoperatively,a satis- factory appearance and function of the reconstructed hand was achieved.The excellent and good rate was 85.7% assessed with provisional functional assessment criterion for upper limbs issued by Chinese Society of Hand Surgery.Conclusion The emergency or subemergency repair for the complicated tissue defects in hand has the advantage of short-term treatment and desirable functional outcome.The emergency replantation and reconstruction combined with various flaps or tissue mass can be applied to repair tissue defect in hand in the first stage according to the position and area of the defect along with the technique level of the surgeon, having been proved to achieve desirable clinical outcomes.And the key points leading to a successful operation is the correct treatment for the raw surface of the defects,suitable choice for various flaps,logical design of combination pattern and prevention and timely treatment for vessel crisis.

AIM: To investigate the changes of potassium channels in thoracic aorta of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse in the early stage of diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The effects of 60 mmol/L KCl, phenylephrine (PE), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were measured and concentration-response curves to SNP were determined in the presence and in the absence of the inhibitors of potassium channels on the thoracic aortic rings of diabetic and age-matched control mice in vitro. RESULTS: STZ-diabetic mice showed a significant increase in the maximum contractile response and sensitivity of thoracic aorta to 60 mmol/L KCl and PE. The endothelium-independent relaxation response to SNP was increased by diabetes and were decreased significantly by pretreatment of the vessels with 1 mmol/L tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1 mmol/L 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and 10 ?mol/L glibenclamide in diabetes thoracic aorta. Only 4-AP decreased relaxation response to SNP in age-matched control mice. The -logIC 50 difference of TEA in thoracic aorta rings of diabetes was significantly higher than age-matched control mice.CONCLUSION: In early stage of diabetes mellitus, the opening or expression of K Ca channels is significantly enhanced.The opening of K ATP channels is also enhanced in this stage.

Objective: To observe the effects of acupoint thread-embedding therapy and low-carbohydrate diet therapy on obese patients with food addiction. Methods: Sixty-five eligible patients were randomized into a thread-embedding group of 33 cases and a diet group of 32 cases to respectively receive 12-week treatment. Before treatment, after treatment and at 6-month follow-up, the two groups were observed and compared in terms of body mass (BM), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), body fat rate (BFR), basal metabolic rate (BMR) and Yale food addiction scale version 2.0 (YFAS 2.0). Results: At the end of treatment, there were no significant differences in the general efficacy, and the improvements in BM, BMI, WC, HC, WHR and BFR between the thread-embedding group and diet group (all P>0.05). At follow-up, the thread-embedding group showed more significant improvements in all the aforementioned indicators compared with the diet group except HC (all P<0.05). At the end of treatment and follow-up, BMR and YFSA 2.0 had more significant improvements in the thread-embedding group than in the diet group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupoint thread-embedding therapy can produce significant efficacy in treating obese patients with food addiction; it can improve the food addiction state and work better in maintaining the efficacy compared with low-carbohydrate diet therapy.

Objective:To investigate characteristic expression of TGF-?1 in human ADPKD and clarify its role in the development and progression of human ADPKD. Methods:Cyst fluid, urinary and plasma TGF-?1 levels were determined by ELISA in 39 ADPKD patients. The results were compared with those of normal subjects and of patients with simple renal cyst. TGF-?1, TGF-?1 receptors types Ⅰ, types Ⅱ, CTGF mRNA and proteins in the kidneys of human ADPKD were examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The relationship of the above fibrosing-associated indicators with the degree of interstitial fibrosis was analyzed. Results:Plasma TGF-?1 level was the highest among body fluids. In ADPKD and simple renal cyst, TGF-?1 levels were significantly higher than those in normal subjects (15.12 ?8.53)?g/L vs (5.41?1.31) ?g/L,P

To obtain higher potency and specificity, a series of 7-alkoxy analogues of illudalic acid was synthesized on the base of structure-activity relationship (SAR). All of these compounds exhibited submicromolar inhibition of the enzyme when tested against human leukocyte common antigen-related phosphatase (LAR) (for example, for 15e, IC50 = 180 nmol x L(-1)). They represent the most potent small-molecule inhibitors of LAR so far. These analogues also display excellent selectivity for LAR over other protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) except for the highly homologous PTPsigma. The compound 15f is of 120-fold selectivity for LAR versus PTP-1B inhibition. The development of potent enzyme-specific inhibitors is so important that they may serve both as tools to study the role of LAR and as therapeutic agents for treatment of type II diabetes.

An extremely thermoacidophilic isolate K4-1 was obtained from an acidic hot spring in Teng- chong Rehai, Yunnan province. Morphology, growth characteristics, utilization of carbon compounds, en- ergy sources and 16S rRNA gene sequence of K4-1 were studied. Cells of K4-1 are irregular cocci with monotrichous flagella. The strain grew aerobically in either a lithotrophic or a heterotrophic mode. Growth on elemental sulfur occurred through oxidation of sulfur. It grew optimally at 75?C and pH 3.5. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain K4-1 was shown to belong to genus Sulfolobus, being related to the type strains of genus Sulfolobus (86.6%~94.3% similarity), and being most closely related to strain Sulfolobus tengchongensis RT8-4 (98.9% similarity). The GenBank accession number of strain K4-1 16S rRNA gene sequence is EU729124.

Adenocarcinoma ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Lung Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Random Allocation ; Sterigmatocystin ; toxicity

In order to build a protein expression system in a cold-adapted bacterium Acinetobacter sp. DWC6, a promoter probe vector was constructed based on the plasmid pBR322. A fragment containing the promoter of the beta-lactamase gene (the ampicillin resistance gene) in pBR322 was eliminated and replaced by a fragment comprizing a kanamycin resistance gene amplified from pJRD215. DNA fragment harboring in the Acinetobacter species specific ori was also inserted into the plasmid pBR322 to construct a promoter probe vector named pBAP1, which could replicate both in E. coli and in Acinetobacter sp. DWC6. The promoter selection library was constructed by randomly inserting genomic DNA fragment of Acinetobacter sp. DWC6 at upstream of reported gene, and target promoters were screened from genomic library on ampicillin selection plates. The function of pBAP1 and isolated promoters were determined by detection of the ampicillin sensitivity and the expression level of beta-lactamase in the host cell.
Acinetobacter ; genetics ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cold Temperature ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Models, Genetic ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; beta-Lactamases ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of oxotremorine in arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced hypothermia and its effects on the behavioral thermoregulatory response.

METHODSCore temperature (Tc), brown adipose tissue (BAT) temperature and motor activities were monitored in undisturbed female SD rats using radiotelemetry. The behavioral thermoregulatory response was monitored in rats using radiotelemetric temperature gradient apparatus. Effect of AVP (10 microg/kg) and oxotremorine (0.25 mg/kg) on Tc, motor activities, BAT temperature (T(BAT)), grooming activities and the behavioral thermoregulatory response were observed in rats.

RESULTSAdministration of AVP and oxotremorine caused a significant drop in Tc, T(BAT), and an increases in grooming activities, respectively. The hypothermic responses were accompanied with a preference for cooler ambient temperature. Oxotremorine augmented the reduction of Tc, T(BAT), and the elevation of grooming activities resulting from AVP, and lasting a longer time. Administration of oxotremorine followed immediately by AVP injection in rats was also shown to induce a preference for cooler ambient temperature, but there was no significant difference compared with AVP.

CONCLUSIONAVP-induced hypothermia was related with the set point temperature reduction, inhibiton of BAT thermogenesis and an increases in grooming activities. Oxotremorine could participate in peripheral AVP-induced hypothermia by affecting BAT thermogenesis and behavioral thermoregulation.

Adipose Tissue, Brown ; drug effects ; physiology ; Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin ; pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Female ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Oxotremorine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley