The strategic cost management of the hospital means setting the cost management of the hospital in the realm of strategic management and analyzing the hospital and its cost behavior and structure from a strategic level so as to create advantages in competition, attain the goal of adapting the hospital to the continuously changing environment and facilitating stralegic management. Strategic cost management is characterized by a protracted, overaU, extensional and innovative nature and methods for it include value chain analysis, strategic positioning analysis, cost agent analysis and many others. Clarifying the goals of strategic cost management, selecting different strategies according to strategic cost information, perfecting the cost management of the hospital and enhancing cost awareness, and giving play to the functional role of economic management personnel are some of the prerequisites for the hospital to implement strategic cost management.

The paper first analyzes the intrinsic need for cultural integration in hospital regrouping and sums up its content, including the integration of values, management ideas, institutional cultures and institutional frameworks. It then introduces some methods of cultural integration in hospital regrouping, such as running in on the basis of respecting human nature, resolving conflicts on the basis of being mutually tolerant, and merging completely on the basis of optimizing means of integration. The paper points out that success or failure of cultural integration in hospital regrouping depends on the thinking of the leaders. For this reason, it is imperative to enhance integration awareness and improve integration capability.

Adult ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Melanoma ; diagnosis ; pathology

China ; Cohort Studies ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Nutrition Surveys

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of reduced visual acuity (VA) and to examine the association between reduced visual acuity and influencing factors among Chinese Han students, so as to provide bases for the prevention and treatment of reduced visual acuity.Methods: Subjects were from 2014 Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH).In this survey, 261 832 Han students aged 7-22 years participated.Unaided distance VA was measured using a retro-illuminated lgMAR chart with tumbling-E optotypes.Ametropia was determined by using serial bronchoscopy.Logistic regression was used to assess the association between reduced visual acuity and influencing factors.ArcMap 10 was used to map the regional distribution of reduced visual acuity.Results: Nationwide, the overall prevalence of reduced visual acuity was 66.6%, and was highest among the urban girls (73.5%).The prevalence of myopia was 60.8% and accounted for more than 90% among the students with reduced visual acuity.Compared with 2010 CNSSCH, the increments of reduced visual acuity were highest in the students aged 13-15 years (6.8 percentage points).The prevalence of reduced visual acuity ranged from 50.6% to 76.2% in each province (autonomous region, municipality) in 2014 CNSSCH.The top three of the prevalence of reduced visual acuity were Jiangsu (76.2%), Zhejiang (76.0%) and Shandong (75.9%), and the lowest three were Hainan (50.6%), Guizhou (53.9%) and Xinjiang (57.6%).Logistic regression showed that the girls, urban students, and students who spent ≥2 h per day in their after school homework were more likely to develop reduced visual acuity, but the students with physical activity time ≥2 h per day were less likely to develop reduced visual acuity.Conclusion: Although the situation was different in each province (autonomous region, municipality), reduced visual acuity has become a public concern affecting the health of students in China.Based on the intervention on the key populations, such as urban girls and pre adolescent students, we should also continue to strengthen the prevention and control for reduced visual acuity among all students.

Objective:To analyze the current situation of age at menarche ( AAM) in Chinese ethnic minority girls aged 9 -18 years, and compare the AAM with that of Chinese Han girls from the same province or autonomous region .Methods:Probit analyses were used to calculate the AAM in various eth-nic minority groups of Chinese girls who participated in 2010 National Physical Fitness and Health Sur-veillance .The sample size of ethnic minority girls was 31 711, and the ethnic minorities were Mongolian , Hui, Tibetan, Uighur, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Korean, Dong, Yao, Bai, Tujia, Hani, Kazak, Dai, Li, Lisu, Wa, Shui, Dongxiang, Naxi, Kirgiz, Tu, Qiang and Sala.The local Han girls to compare with the AAM were also surveyed in 2010 National Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance .Results:In the 13-year-old group, the percentage of menarche in Sala was the lowest (32.17%), while that in Korean was the highest (93.23%).At the age of 18, 99.60%ethnic minority girls appeared menstruating .The AAM of the top 3 ethnic minority groups were Korean ( 11 .79 years ) , Mongolian ( 12 .44 years ) and Zhuang (12.52 years); and the last 3 ethnic minority groups were Dongxiang (14.36 years), Sala (14.32 years) and Shui (14.02 years).The AAM in Korean was 0.93 years earlier than that of the Han girls from Jilin province;the AAM in Mongolian was 0 .14 years earlier than that of the Han girls from Neimenggu autonomous region;the AAM in Naxi and Qiang was close to that of the Han girls in the same province (region) (P>0.05);and the AAM in Hui, Uighur, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Dong, Yao, Bai, Tujia, Hani, Kazak, Dai, Li, Lisu, Wa, Shui, Dongxiang, Kirgiz, Tu, and Sala was later than that of the Han girls in the same province ( region) .The cluster analysis indicated that the 26 ethnic mi-nority groups could be classified as three groups: Korean were classified into the earlier age group of AAM;Dongxiang, Sala, Uighur, Yi and Shui belonged to the later age group of AAM;and the other 20 ethnic minority groups were into the middle age group of AAM .Conclusion:There was a large variation among different ethnic minority groups in China .The AAM was earlier in Korean , and Mongolian , com-pared with the local Han girls , and the AAM in other ethnic minority groups was the same or later com-pared with the local Han girls .

Objective To evaluate the cefoxitin screening test in detecting(MRSA)with the real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)for detecting mecA gene as the golden standard.Methods Staphylococcus aureus strains iso-lated from various bacterial infection specimens were collected,which were amplified by RT-PCR and detected by the cefoxitin screening test respectively.The results were compared.Results In 121strains of MRSA,66 strains carrying mecA gene were detec-ted by RT-PCR(P >0.05),accounting for 54.55%(66/121).There was no statsitcal difference in the detection results between the cefoxitin screening test and RT-PCR.The sensitivity of the cefoxitin screening test was 93.93%,the specificity was 81.82%,the positive predictive value was 84.93% and negative predictive value was 91.83%.Conclusion The RT-PCR technique can accurate-ly and rapidly detect MRSA.

0.05).Conclusion pcDNA3-gB with different doses have not significant effect on the indexes of hematology,hematological biochemistry and pathology in immunized mice.It is initially proved that pcDNA3-gB is safe.

OBJECTIVE To analyze situation of clearence of rust in the surgical operation apparatus.METHODS 300 surgical operation apparatus were choosed,divided into the A,B,C groups.For group A,soak method was taken to clear the rust,group B with soak and hand scrub in method,group C with soak.hand scrub and lubricant method.RESULTS The method for group C was most effective.The qualified rate and re-rust rate were 99.0% and 2.0%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Clearence is a better method for operation apparatus maintanance,but daily cleaness is also important to avoid rusting.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the cost performance of small packs of surgical instruments and to look for their optimizing sterilization schemes.METHODS 720 sample from total surgical instruments were sefested,pressuresteam sterilization ethylene Oxide and hydrogen peroxide plasma sferilization were pexformal and compared.Statistics and analyzing finally under the condition of each kind puts The sterilization effect,cost and the period were analyzed.RESULTS All three methods call guarantee the sterilization effect,but the cost of EO and plasma were more than those of pressuresteam method(452% and 960%).CONCLUSIONS Pressuresteam sterilization show advantages in small packing instruments.