To investigate the epidemic and evolutionary trends of enterovirus (EV) in the external environment of Yunnan Province, China, molecular typing was performed on 4 EV strains that were isolated from environmental sewage in Yunnan. The VP1 region of isolates was amplified by RT-PCR using universal enterovirus primers, and the amplified VP1 region was sequenced for GenBank BLAST search and genotype analysis. The 4 EV strains were identified as ECHO7. Their nucleotide and amino acid homologies with the VP1 sequences of 68 ECHO7 strains retrieved from GenBank were measured by Mega software analysis. Our findings showed that ECHO7 strains from environmental sewage and population samples were in different evolutionary branches. These strains showed typical geographical and temporal differences; In addition, there were different transmission chains at the same time and in the same area. ECHO7 strains isolated from sewage water and patients with acute flaccid paralysis during the same period in Yunnan belonged to different clusters and evolved at different speeds. Special concerns are needed for this problem. Continuous molecular biological surveillance of human EV in the external environment of Yunnan will provide strong support for early warning of EV diseases.
China ; Databases, Genetic ; Enterovirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Sequence Analysis ; Sewage ; virology

Objective To investigate the feasibility of pancreatic DWI at a 3T MR imager and its value for the qualitative diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. Methods For 20 normal healthy volunteers and 47 patients with pancreatic tumors [21 pancreatic carcinoma (PC), 7 mass-forming chronic pancreatitis (MFCP)and 19 cystic lesions), routine pancreatic MRI and pancreatic DWI using b values (500 and 1000 mm2/s)were obtained, the DWI signal intensity (SI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of pancreatic lesions and adjacent tissue was measured. Results In the b = 500 and 1000 mm2/s DWI images, there was no significant difference in ADC value between different parts of normal pancreas. But PC and MFCP were shown as hyperintensity mass, in addition, the related SI1000 of PC at b = 1000 mm2/s DWI was significantly higher than that of MFCP (1.238 +0.448 vs. 0.371 +0.293, P＜0. 01). Compared with normal pancreas,beth PC and MFCP presented as decreased ADC500 and ADC1000 value. The ADC1000 of PC was significantly lower than that of MFCP [ ( 1. 087 + 0. 175 ) mm2/s vs. ( 1. 279 ± 0.213 ) mm2/s]. Pancreatic cystic lesions were shown as hyperintensity in DWI at b = 500 mm2/s, but were depicted as iso-intense signal or low-signal lesions in DWI using b = 1000 mm2/s. Both ADC500 and ADC1000 of pancreatic cystic lesions were higher than that of normal pancreas. Conclusions 3T-MR DWI is helpful to differentiate pancreatic lesions. High b value DWI is more valuable for the qualitative diagnosis of pancreatic mass.

China ; Enterovirus ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral ; genetics

It was widely believed that the interaction between rice and rice blast fungus can be interpreted by the gene-for-gene hypothesis. Two interaction models between rice blast fungus and anti-disease genes had been briefed. They were receptor-ligand model and guard model. The progress of research about molecular marker and position on avirulence genes of the pathogens of rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) was reviewed, and the methods to clone and the cloned avirulence genes of rice blast fungus were also summarized.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) inducing angiogenesis on the neuroblast migration from the subventricular zone and its mechanisms after focal cerebral ischemia.

METHODThe middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to mice for 30 minutes to establish the model. The rats were divided into sham group, model group, BYHWD group and endostatin group. BYHWD (20 g x kg(-1), ig) and endostatin (10 μg, sc) were administered 24 h after ischemia once a day for consecutively 14 days. At 14 d after ischemia, the density of micro-vessel and the number of neuroblasts in the ischemia border zone were determined by immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA and protein expression of cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF) were examined by real-time PCR and Western blot.

RESULTCompared with the model group, BYHWD significantly increased the density of micro-vessel and the number of DCX positive cells in the ischemia border zone (P < 0.01), and significantly increased the SDF-1 and BDNF mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.01). Compared with BYHWD group, endostatin significantly reduced the density of micro-vessel and the number of DCX positive cells in the ischemia border zone (P < 0.01), as well as the SDF-1, BDNF mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONBYHWD could promote the neuroblast migration from the subventricular zone via inducing angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia, the mechanism may be correlated with up-regulating the expression of SDF-1 and BDNF.

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; analysis ; genetics ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cerebral Ventricles ; pathology ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; analysis ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neurons ; drug effects ; physiology

This investigation was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in 35 to 70 years old adults living in Xicheng District of Beijing. Cluster sampling was conducted in 2230 adults, and only 1958 individuals agreed to enter into the study. Written informed consents were obtained before questionnaire and physical examination. A total of 1889 data were used for analysis. The prevalence rate of hypertension was 47.8% (n=902). The age-standardized prevalence rate was 40. 1%. Hypertension was seen in 368 men (53.0%) and 534 women (44.7%) (P=0.0005). The rates of disease awareness, treatment, and control were 47.5%, 38.5%, and 24.1%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension increased with age (P<0.0001). Linear trend was found between body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (P<0.0001). In multiple logistic model analysis, the hypertension risk for men was 1.33 times that of women (95% CI, 1.08-1.64), for participants with obesity was 2.81 times that of those with normal weight (95%CI, 2.00-3.97). Hypertension has become one of the most concerned public health problems in the district. Middle-aged people should pay attention to changed blood pressure, especial for overweight men. Health promotion should be needed for hypertension prevention. More attention should be paid to substantial increase in hypertension.

Objective: To explore the protective effect of Baoyuan Qiangshen Capsule No. Ⅱ (BYQS) and its mechanism in treating chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods: Sixty CRF patients were divided into 2 groups randomly, the treated group used BYQS combined with Lotensin and the control group administered with essential amino acid combined with Lotensin. Changes of renal functions and tubular labelled proteins were observed. Results: The markedly effective rate and total effective rate of the treated group were 63.3% and 93.3% respectively, and those of the control group were 30.0% and 56.7% respectively, the effect of the treated group was obviously better than that of the control group (P<0.01). In the treated group after medication, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and clearance rate of creatinine were improved significantly (P<0.01), while Tamm-Horfau protein increased significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion: BYQS could alleviate tubular interstitial injury significantly so as to improve the renal function and enhance the effective rate in treating CRF.

In order to explore the genotype distribution and molecular evolution of non-polio enterovirus (NPEVs)in Yunnan Province,the People's Republic of China, we sequenced and analyzed the partial VP1 coding region of 105 NPEVs isolated from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Yunnan province during a 5- year study period from 2006 to 2010. The viral genomes of 105 NPEVs were translated to corresponding amino acid sequences and compared with those of the prototype strains, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed among these VP1 nucleotide sequences and other prototype strains from GenBank. Analysis showed that 18 isolates were classified into 7 serotypes of human enterovirus A species, while 77 isolates into 22 serotypes of B and 10 isolates into 4 serotypes of C species. However, we did not isolate any viruses which belonged to human enterovirus D species. Thus, under AFP surveillance, human enterovirus B species accounted for 73. 3% of the 105 isolates and was considered as the predominant one,followed by human enterovirus A(17. 1%) and human enterovirus C(9. 5%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that various serotypes of the virus and the corresponding prototype strains or other representative strains clustered into the same grooup, however, Yunnan strains and prototype strains were located in the different branches (except CA2,EV90 and EV76). The degree of variation was different even among the same genotype strains. This report showed that different genotype strains spread widely in Yunnan Province.
China ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Typing ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVETo observe the alteration of fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2b) signal in mouse embryonic palate after dexamethasone and vitamin B12 exposure.

METHODSDams were divided teratogenetic group, antagomistic group and control group and were respectively injected dexamethasone, dexamethasone and vitamin B12, and normal sodium. Dams were killed and fetus was collected at embryo 12.5 and 13.5 day. The expression of Fgf10 and Fgfr2b and mesenchymal cells proliferation of mouse embryonic by western blotting and BrdU assay were checked.

RESULTSFgf10 and Fgfr2b expression was down-regulated and mesenchymal cells proliferation was inhibited significantly after dexamethasone exposure. After vitamin B12 treatment, Fgf10 and Fgfr2b expression did not restore, but cells proliferation was recovered.

CONCLUSIONDexamethasone and vitamin B12 affected the expression of Fgf10 and Fgfr2b of mouse embryonic palate and mesenchyme cells proliferation, but the change was disaccord.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Dexamethasone ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 ; Mice ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 ; Signal Transduction ; Vitamin B 12

Amino Acids ; metabolism ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Male ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Neurons ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Synapses ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure