OBJECTIVE:To promote effective development of services in the intravenous drugs allocation centre and to bring the pharmacists'function into full play in the hospital pharmacy.METHODS:Information concerning services in the intravenous drugs allocation centre of our hospital and experiences from which was introduced,some problems and difficulties in the pharmacy services were analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The centralized allocation and management of intra-venous drugs have ensured the safety and effectiveness of the clinical intravenous drug use and which have become the essential part of the pharmaceutical care with a core of rational drug use.

Objective To study classroom teaching quality evaluation standards from two perspectives of teachers and students,and comparatively study difference of evaluation standards for teachers and students.Methods Questionnaire survey method is adopted.Classroom teaching quality evaluation entry questionnaire is distributed to 320 teachers and 560 students.SPSS 18.0 software is utilized for statistical analysis on the collected data.Expert consultation method is applied to determine membership degree on the analysis results.Finally,14 experts and 20 students are invited to sequence the importance of each dimension obtained after membership determination.Expert evaluation method is used for calculating the weight of each dimension thereof.Results Generally,the results show that all the teaching quality evaluation standards which have been selected by teachers and students can be assorted into 5 dimensionalities,namely teaching content,teaching method,teaching norm,teaching organization and students' learning condition.Particularly,teachers maintain that 23 indicators can be chosen to assess the classroom teaching quality while students think that 24 items are qualified for evaluating the room teaching quality,and they reach a consensus in 13 items.Besides,there is a big difference in their weight of the 5 dimensionalities.Conclusions By comparing and analyzing the choices and opinions about the classroom teaching quality evaluation standard between teachers and students,we learn that the two relative groups' assessments and comments are far different mainly attributing to their different evaluation perspectives on classroom teaching quality.Therefore,we advise different evaluation indicator systems should be adopted respectively for evaluation subjects in classroom teaching quality evaluation.

In order to investigate the characteristics of transdermal delivery of ferulic acid under the treated of microneedle arrays and the influence on permeability of rat skin capillaries, improved Franz-cells were used in the transdermal delivery experiment with the rat skin of abdominal wall and the length of microneedle arrays, different insertion forces, retention time were studied in the influence of characteristics of transdermal delivery of FA. The amount of FA was determined by HPLC system. Intravenous injection Evans blue and FA was added after microneedle arrays treated. Established inflammation model was built by daubing dimethylbenzene. The amount of Evans blue in the rat skin was read at 590 nm wavelength with a Multiskan Go microplate reader. Compared with passive diffusion group the skin pretreated with microneedle arrays had a remarkable enhancement of FA transport (P <0.01). The accumulation of FA increased with the enhancement of insertion force as to as the increase of retention time. Microneedle arrays with different length had a remarkable enhancement of FA transport, but was not related to the increase of the length. The research of FA on the reduce of permeability of rat skin capillaries indicated that the skin pretreated with microneedle arrays could reduce the content of Evans blue in the skins of rat significantly compared with the untreated group. The permeation rate of ferulic acid transdermal delivery had remarkable increase under the treated of microneedle arrays and the length of microneedle arrays ,the retention time so as to the insertion force were important to the transdermal delivery of ferulic acid.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Coumaric Acids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Needles ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin Absorption

This study discusses the effects of Shenlian extracts (SL) on M1 macrophages in atherosclerosis. The MTT assay was used to detect the growth inhibition rates of RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with murine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce M1 macrophages. The different concentrations of SL extracts (high-dose 50 mg x L(-1), moderate-dose 25 mg x L(-1), low-dose 12.5 mg x L(-1)) were added. The CD86 of M1 macrophages in cell membrane was measured by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of iNOS and TNF-alpha gene was detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). And the supernatants were collected, the content of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were detected with ELISA kits. The results of this experiment show that the expression of the cell membrane molecule CD86, iNOS and TNF-alpha gene, the content of IL-6 and TNF-alpha was obviously increased in M1 macrophages by IFN-gamma and LPS. The different doses of SL extract could reduce the expression of the above indicators. The above experimental results demonstrate that IFN-gamma combined LPS can induce RAW264.7 cell to type into M1 macrophages, and SL extracts can inhibit M1 macrophages.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Shape ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; immunology ; Macrophages ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Mice ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; immunology

Tripterygium glycosides preparation which extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii (TWHY), was widely used to treat the autoimmune diseases. Previous works demonstrated that TWHF had potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. But the different quality and high incident rate of side effects of different manufactures inhibited its clinical application. Since TWHF had been generally known to play a therapeutical effect by synergism of multiple constituents, it was necessary to build the relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and bioactivity so as to ensure the quality safety and efficacy. The HPLC fingerprint showed that description and content of peaks from different manufactures were diverse. Only 11 common peaks were found. In this study, mice spleen cells stimulated by Con A were used to test the proliferation inhibition bioactivity of TWHF preparations, which were incubated with 30, 15, 7.5, 3.75, 1.88 and 0.94 mg x L(-1) TWHF preparations for 48 h. The results showed that mice spleen cells proliferation was inhibited by all TWHF preparations significantly compared with the control group, which suggested the TWHF preparations showed immune suppress activity. The TWHF preparations from 7 manufacture showed different IC50 value, which might belong to different contents which showed in the HPLC fingerprint. Moreover, a relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and the bioactivity were established to identify important constituents by grey relational analysis (GRA). The result showed that all the contents were relative with the IC50, especially No. 5 and 10 peaks, but No. 1 peak, which was proved to be triptolide, had few contribute to the inhibition of mice spleen cells proliferation. The study of relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and the IC50 by GRA could help to investigate mechanism of bioactive and provide an evidence for the quantification of multi-constituents.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Glycosides ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Spleen ; cytology ; drug effects ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

Objective To explore the effects of Ad-hIFN-λ1 recombinant adenovirus on prolifera-tion of gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC-7901 and its mechanism .Methods Ad-hIFN-λ1 recombinant adenovirus and empty plasmid Ad-LacZ were respeetively transfated to human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells.The proliferation of transfected cells was detected by MTT assay .IFN-λ1 gene expression at mR-NA and protein levels in the cells were measured by RT-PCR analysis and immunofluorescence assay , re-spectively .Tunel assay and flow cytometry were used to analyze the rate of cell apoptosis .Results The proliferation of gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells were significantly inhibited with Ad-hIFN-λ1 inter-vention in accordance with highly expressed IFN-λ1 at mRNA and protein levels , respectively .The apoptosis rate of Ad-hIFN-λ1 transfected cells was markedly higher than that of the empty plasmid Ad-LacZ group and PBS blank control group .Conclusion The expression of hIFN-λ1 could be detected after transfection of Ad-hIFN-λ1 recombinant adenovirus into gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells.Ad-hIFN-λ1 could signifi-cantly inhibit the proliferation of gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells by promoting the apoptosis of cancer cells.

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer.Methods In this study,25 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer received high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment.Liver and kidney function,CA19-9 levels,tumor size changes,pain relief,survival rate before and after treatment were evaluated.Results The blood routine test,liver and kidney function,blood amylase did not alter significantly after HIFU treatment in all patients.The CA19-9 level of 12 patients decreased.The appetite of 15 patients improved,5 patients with body weight gain after HIFU treatment.Pain was relieved after HIFU treatment in 18 cases,pain relief rate was 72％ (18/25).In 15 cases tumor ablation volume ＞ 90％ after HIFU treatment,5 patients with tumor ablation volume ＞ 50％,tumor ablation effective rate was 80％ (20/25).There were no major complications such as acute pancreatitis,gastrointestinal injury after HIFU treatment.After HIFU treatment,the median survival period was 8 months,1 year survival rate was 30％.Conclusions High-intensity focused ultrasound is a safe and effective method of palliative treatment for advanced inoperable pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can not only differentiate into multiple nonhematopoietic cell lineages, but seek out damaged tissues and repair them as well. Hence, they were largely studied for their potential clinical use. However, their biological characteristics have not been fully discovered. OBJECTIVE: To compare the biological characteristics of BMSCs of different species cultured in vitro, in order to provide basis for the clinical research of stem cell therapy.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation was designed.SETTING: Medical Research Department of General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Medical Research Department of General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area from June 2004 to July 2005. Thirty SD rats weighing (160±20) g, aged 35 to 40 days, 30 Kunming mice weighing (16.0±2.0) g, aged about 40 days, 8 New Zealand white rabbits weighing (2.0±0.2) kg, aged 80 to 90 days and 10 healthy volunteers (25-32 years old) were selected. All the animals were of clean grade, which were purchased from the Animal Center of Southern Medical University.METHODS: The BMSCs of mice and rats were prepared according to the protocol developed in the Caplan laboratory, while those of rabbits and human were isolated from bone marrow suspension obtained by iliac puncture.The morphology of BMSCs was observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Cell growth curve was tested by MTT. Expression of Stro-1 was analyzed by immunofluorescence cytochemistry and flow cytometry. To evaluate the specific response of BMSCs to osteogenic supplements(10 nmol/L dexamethasone, 10 mmol/L β-glycerophosphate,and 50 mg/L ascorbic acid), the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was tested by a commercial kit. Expression of osteocalcin was examined by immunocytochemistry and hydroxyapatite crystals were shown by von Kossa staining. Adipogenic differentiation was evaluated by estimating percent of cells containing Oil Red-O- stained oil droplets.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Morphological observation and growth situation of BMSCs. ② Expression of Stro-1: BMSC marker. ③ Differentiation in osteogenic medium.RESULTS: ①The morphology of adherent BMSCs ofthose four species observed by optic microscopy was obviously different. When they became mature or aged, the mouse cells turned into flat shape, irregularly polygonal, fell to pieces and deposited on the flask-bottom, while the rat, rabbit and human cells would enlarge and become polygonal, vacuoles would appear in their cytoplasm, finally, the cells were detached from the flask-bottom, floating off like cotton wool. The cultures of different species also had some commonness, such as poly-layer growing manner, without contact inhibition and consisting of two groups. Cells of one group grew into colonies from single cells and expanded quickly, while cells of the other group were sporadic and did not proliferate. Electron microscopy revealed that all of the primary cells had microvilli and that they could be divided into two subpopulations according to their ultrastructures. Some cells were rich in organelles and most chromatin was euchromatin, while the other subpopulation cells had much fewer organelles and more heterochromatin. Growth curves of BMSCs of different species were almost the same. ② The positive rate of human adherent bone marrow-derived cells for Stro-1: BMSC marker was (91.4±8.3) %, and that of mouse adherent cells was (83.5±6.2) % .③Treated with osteogenic supplements, mouse BMSCs differentiated into adipose tissue, rabbit ones died, while rat and human ones differentiated into osteocytes. BMSCs also demonstrated spontaneous differentiation in vitro.CONCLUSION: Mouse, rat, rabbit and human BMSCs can be easily expanded in vitro, although the harvest of the current method is a mixture of mesenchymal cells with various maturities, most of which are poor-differen-tiated cells. BMSCs of those species are different in morphology and response to the same inductive supplements. Therefore, in order to establish a kind of stem cell therapy, it is necessary not only for evidence from animal experiments but for that from human experiments as well.

Humans ; Leg Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; adverse effects ; Surgical Wound Infection ; etiology ; surgery

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of a recombinant adenovirus vector ex-pressing human IFN-λ1 ( r-Ad-hIFN-λ1) on the growth of orthotopic gastric cancer and to analyze its possi-ble mechanism in a nude mice model of orthotopic human gastric carcinoma .Methods Orthotopic trans-plantation was performed to establish the nude mice model of orthotopic gastric cancer .Thirty mice were ran-domly divided into three groups including PBS control group , Ad-Lac Z empty vector group and r-Ad-hIFN-λ1 experiment group .The mice in each group were given the corresponding interventions once a week for three times.The sizes of tumor were detected by using B-mode ultrasound at different time points to draw growth curves .The expression of IFN-λ1 at mRNA level in skeletal muscle tissues was analyzed by RT-PCR.Western blot assay and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect IFN-λ1 protein in gastric tumor samples .The apoptosis of cells in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues was detected by TUNEL .The per-centages of natural killer ( NK) cells in spleen tissues were analyzed by flow cytometry .Results Compared with control group and empty vector group , the mice in r-Ad-hIFN-λ1 experiment group showed the smallest tumor size [(331.25±6.00) mm3, (322.92±5.92) mm3 vs (248.39±7.60) mm3; P<0.05].hIFN-λ1 was transfected into skeletal muscle successfully and expressed in gastric cancer tissue .Highly expressed hIFN-λ1 was observed in cytoplasm of tumor cells from experiment group by immunohistochemical staining . The apoptotic index of tumor tissues for experiment group was 0.700±0.059 which was significant different from that of control group (0.271±0.026, P<0.05) and empty vector group (0.333±0.028, P<0.05). The percentage of NK cells in spleens from mice in experiment group [(26.49±1.89)%] was significantly higher than that of control group [(13.94 ±1.31)%, P<0.05)] and empty vector group [(19.12 ±1.69)%, P<0.05)].Conclusion Transfection of r-Ad-hIFN-λ1 and expression of hIFN-λin skeletal muscle could significantly inhibit the growth of gastric cancer by inducing tumor cells ′apoptosis and enhan-cing NK cells.