Objective To analyze the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of uridinediphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9) and mycophenolic acid (MPA)pharmacokinetics in Chinese kidney recipients.Methods Gene mutations (C-440T/T-331C,C-2152T,T-275A,T98C) were detected in 196 recipients by PCR-LDR.On the 28th day after transplantation,the plasma samples which were obtained at the time points of predose,0.5 h and 2 h after administration were measured by an immunoassay method (Emit Mycophenolic Acid Assay,Dade Behring).MPA-AUC0-12 was calculated based on these three data.Correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and MPA pharmacokinetics was analyzed.Results C-2152T,T-275A and T98C genotypes of UGT1A9 were not found in 196 recipients.The frequency of C-440T/T-331C gene mutation was 14.29% (28/196).The mean value of MPA-AUC0-12 was 40.6±11.8 wild genotype,respectively (P＞0.05).Conclusion C-2152T,T-275A and T98C genotypes of UGT1A9 are scarce in Chinese kidney recipients.In this study,there is no distinct relationship between -440/-331 SNPs and MPA pharmacokinetics in Chinese allograft recipients.

This study was aimed to observe the body weight and behavioral changes of heart-spleen deficiency mouseandtoassesstheefficacyofLing-Qi-Jia (LQJ)oralsolutiononqi-supplementingandmind-tranquilizing. The heart-spleen deficiency syndrome mouse model was established by using loading swimming anddrugdaily.Thebodyweight,foodconsumption,intestinepropulsion,tailsuspensiontest (TST),forced swimmingtest (FST),sleepingtimeandtheamountofbrainneurotransmitterweredetected.Theresultsshowed that mouse suffered loading swimming and drug formed heart-spleen deficiency syndrome model, which were indicated by lowering body weight and food consumption, shortened time in FST, prolonged accumulative immobility time in TST, intestine propulsion hyperfunction, shortened sleeping time and lowering brain neurotransmitter amount. LQJ oral solution can obviously improve experiment indexes mentioned above. It was concluded that LQJ oral solution, which can improve insomnia due to heart-spleen deficiency, might had close relation to the efficacy of qi-supplementing and mind-tranquilizing. Meanwhile, changes of brain neurotransmitters might also be the material basis on its efficacy.

[Summary] The activities of 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20 lyase of cytochrome P450c17 were evaluated by ELISA in NCI-H295R cells after treatment with palmitate and oleate. The results showed that 0. 75 mmol/L plamitate did not influence the activity of 17α-hydroxylase, but increased the activity of 17, 20 lyase by 74. 3% ( P<0. 05). Oleate at the same concentration did not change the activity of 17,20 lyase. There were no significant changes in the protein expressions of P450c17, P450 oxidoreductase, and cytochrome b5 after treatment with palmitate and oleate. However,reactive oxygen species in cells were elevated by palmitate. The results suggest that exposure to palmitate may increase androgen production by inducing 17, 20 lyase activity of P450c17 in NCI-H295R cells, which is related with oxidative stress-mediated post-translational regulation of the enzyme.

OBJECTIVEDetermine the content of ursolic acid of Liuwei Dihuangwan.

METHODUsing NIR with PLS, PCA-BPANN and WT-BPANN.

RESULTThe predication recovery were 100.7%, 100.6%, 100.1%, and the RSD were 5.42%, 6.49%, 6.52% respectively.

CONCLUSIONNIR can be used in the determination of ursolic acid, which set up the foundation of on-line control of traditional Chinese medicine.

Cornus ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Triterpenes ; analysis

The combination of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata can increase efficacy and decrease toxicity. This study started from the phenomena of protein self-assembly in the mixed decoction of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata. The attenuated mechanism was explored between the combination of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata by using the protein of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and aconitine which was the major toxic component of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma protein with aconitine could form stable particles which particle mean diameter was (206.2 ± 2.02) nm and (238.20 ± 1.23) nm at pH 5.0 in normal temperature. Through the mouse acute toxicity experiment found that injection of aconitine monomer all mice were killed, and injection of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma protein-aconitine particles with the same content of aconitine all mice survived. Survey the stability of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma protein-aconitine shows that the colloid particles is stable at room temperature, and it has the possibility to candidate drug carrier. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma protein can reduce the toxicity of aconitine through self-assembly.
Aconitum ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; toxicity ; Female ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; toxicity

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of pulmonary infection at different stages after renal transplantation.Methods Medical records of 61 patients with pulmonary infection after renal transplantation from January 2003 to July 2008 in our hospital were reviewed in this retrospective study. According to stages of infection onset, we divided all patients into two groups, early onset group (43/61, 70.5%, ≤12 months after transplantation) and late onset group (18/61, 29.5%, >12 months after transplantation). Clinical manifestations and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results In the early onset group, the radiographic manifestation suggested diffuse interstitial changes of bilateral lungs. Combination of anti-infective therapy and early mechanical ventilation was preferred. While in the late onset group, unilateral pulmonary lesions were seen in most cases. More patients showed cardiac and gastrointestinal complications in this group, the mortality of which was much higher. Conclusions Pulmonary infection is a major complication of renal transplantation. The etiology, clinical characteristics and prognosis of infection varies with the stage after transplantation. Effective preventive and therapeutic measures should be applied more vigorously in patients with pulmonary infection, especially early onset ones.

Objective To investigate the effect of cyclosporine blood level at first year after kidney transplantation on patients with a survival time over 10 years. Methods 380 patients with functional allograft, a survival time over 10 years and long-term administration of cyclosporine A (CsA) were studied, and received CsA-based treatments. According to the blood CsA level at the first year after kidney transplantation, patients were divided into five groups: group 1, blood CsA level was above 0. 208 μmol/L (1 μmol/L = 1201.9 μg/L), group 2, blood CsA level between 0. 166-0. 208μmol/L; group 3, blood CsA blood level between 0. 125-0. 166 μmol/L; group 4, blood CsA blood level between 0. 083-0. 125 μmol/L; group 5, blood CsA level less than 0. 083 μmol/L. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum creatinine(SCr), uric acid (UA), cholesterol (CH), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), direct bilirubin (DBil) and total bilibubin (TBil), albumin (Alb), hemoglobin (Hb), count of white blood cells and positive rate of proteinuria in 5 groups at the 1st, 5th and 10th year after kidney transplantation were analyzed. Results At the 5th year SBP in groups 1 and 2 was higher than in groups 3, 4 and 5. UA level in group 5 was lower than other groups, and Alb level in group 5 was higher than other 4 groups. Proteinuria positive rate in groups 4 and group was lower than other groups. At the 10th year after kidney transplantation,indexes among 5 groups had no statistically significant difference, except for SBP, DBP, DBil and CH in some groups. There was also no significant difference in SCr level among 5 groups at the 5th or 10th year after transplantation. Conclusion Blood CsA levels at the first year after kidney transplantation has no significant effect on long-term allograft function. But higher level of CsA (＞0. 166μmol/L) at the first year maybe predict high rate of hypertension, high blood UA and proteinuria at the 5th and 10th year after transplantation.

BACKGROUNDTo study oxidative stress in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

METHODSMalondialdehyde (MDA), total anti-oxidative ability and ascorbic acid were measured as markers of oxidative stress in 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B, besides HBV DNA and ALT.

RESULTSMDA was significantly higher in patients with hepatitis B than the controls (P less than 0.05). Ascorbic acid was significantly higher in patients with normal ALT than the controls (P less than 0.01). MDA was significantly higher in patients with increased ALT than the controls and in patients with normal ALT. MDA was significantly positively correlated with ALT (r=0.61), and ascorbic acid was significantly negatively correlated with ALT (r=-0.64) in patients with hepatitis B. No significant relationship was found between HBV DNA and other indices of oxidative stress. No significant difference in total anti-oxidative ability was found among all groups.

CONCLUSIONThere was a disturbance between oxidative stress and anti-oxidative ability in patients with chronic hepatitis B. In patients with increased ALT, oxidative stress became high. In patients with normal ALT, oxidative stress level was low. The indices of oxidative stress should be detected in patients with hepatitis B, in addition to HBV markers.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Ascorbic Acid ; blood ; Child ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Oxidative Stress ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in the distribution and chemical states of the hepatic intra- and extra-cellular sodium ion in the rats with severe burns, so as to provide guidance for fluid resuscitation at early postburn stage.

METHODSNineteen adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were employed in the study and were randomly divided into control (n = 12) and burn (n = 7) groups. The changes in the longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times of hepatic intra-cellular and extra-cellular sodium in the two groups were studied with 23Na NMR spectroscopy and a shift reagent.

RESULTSAfter infusion of the shift reagent,the extra-cellular sodium content in rat liver decreased by 17%, with obvious increase in fast T2 component (P < 0.01), indicating an increase in the fraction of Na+ binding sites in the extra-cellular space. The characteristics of relaxation of intra-cellular sodium remained unchanged despite a 57% increment in intra-cellular sodium content.

CONCLUSIONThe deficiency of sodium as a permeable molecule might be related to the postburn movement of hypertonic sodium from extra-cellular to intra-cellular space. The results indicated that it is reasonable to administer high concentration of sodium in fluid resuscitation during the first 24 postburn hours.

Animals ; Burns ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Cations ; metabolism ; Extracellular Space ; metabolism ; Hepatocytes ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium ; metabolism

As a kind of fluorescent nanoprobe, BHHCT-Eu3+ @ SiO2 fluorescent nanoparticles were synthesized using microwave irradiation. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the nanoparticles were in spherical shape with particle size of about 36 nm. The BHHCT-Eu3+@SiO2 exhibited good fluorescence property, with a maximal excitation wavelength of 343 nm and an maximal emission wavelength of 615 nm. The fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay ( LFIA ) was established for rapid and quantitative detection of kanamycin ( Kana) in milk after BHHCT-Eu3+@SiO2 fluorescent nanoparticles were conjugated with Kana antibody, with dextran as a linker. The limit of detection of Kana with the LFIA method was 0. 85 ng/mL with IC50 of 12. 76 ng/mL, and the detection range was from 3. 0 ng/m to 76 ng/mL. The recoveries of Kana in milk were between 93 . 7% and 97 . 4% with RSD of 3 . 1%-4 . 6%, and cross-reactivity of the fluorescence immunoassay strip for Kana determination was<1%. The detection results of kana in milk samples between the LFIA and traditional ELISA method showed good correlation.