To investigate the epidemic and evolutionary trends of enterovirus (EV) in the external environment of Yunnan Province, China, molecular typing was performed on 4 EV strains that were isolated from environmental sewage in Yunnan. The VP1 region of isolates was amplified by RT-PCR using universal enterovirus primers, and the amplified VP1 region was sequenced for GenBank BLAST search and genotype analysis. The 4 EV strains were identified as ECHO7. Their nucleotide and amino acid homologies with the VP1 sequences of 68 ECHO7 strains retrieved from GenBank were measured by Mega software analysis. Our findings showed that ECHO7 strains from environmental sewage and population samples were in different evolutionary branches. These strains showed typical geographical and temporal differences; In addition, there were different transmission chains at the same time and in the same area. ECHO7 strains isolated from sewage water and patients with acute flaccid paralysis during the same period in Yunnan belonged to different clusters and evolved at different speeds. Special concerns are needed for this problem. Continuous molecular biological surveillance of human EV in the external environment of Yunnan will provide strong support for early warning of EV diseases.
China ; Databases, Genetic ; Enterovirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Sequence Analysis ; Sewage ; virology

Drug Combinations ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; drug therapy ; Infant, Newborn ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Phytotherapy

Objective To compare the effect of three methods in diagnosis of plague by detecting of Yersina pestis F1 antigen. Methods In natural foci of plague, wild animal samples, such as blood, liver, spleen,and lymphoid tissue were collected, and the three methods of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),reverse indirect hemagglutination assay(RIHA) and gold-immunochromatography assay(GICA) were employed to detect F1 antigen of Yersina pestis. Results Total of 414 infused organ samples of natural death and captured wild animals in natural foci of plague were determined. Positive samples detected by GICA and ELISA were the same,the positive rates were 5.31%(22/414), both positive and negative coincidence rates were consistently 100%. Only 18 samples were positive by retrial in 186 samples with more than 2 holes aggregation by preliminary examination of RIHA, with nonspecific agglutination rate of 40.6% (168/414) and positive rate of 4.35% (18/414). The positive coincidence rate was 81.82% (18/22) between RIHA with GICA and ELISA, and negative coincidence rate was statistically significant(t = 4.379, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusions ELISA, RIHA and GICA can be used for early diagnosis of plague by detecting F1 antigen. The results of RIHA have quantitative significance, with higher non-specific agglutination rate, and heavy workload of re-examination; GICA and ELISA has the same specificity and sensitivity, but the results of GICA is only qualitative. ELISA excluded the defect of RIHA and GICA, and combines the advantages of both methods.

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution and proportion of neuropeptide containing nervers in the sinus node in cases of sudden manhood death syndrome (SMDS) and to explore the mechanism of SMDS. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative analysis of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) in the sinus node in 6 cases of SMDS and in 12 cases of non-cardiac death(control group) were achieved by LSAB method and computerized image system. RESULTS: As for NPY positive materials, VIP positive materials and the ratio of VIP/NPY in the sinus nodes, there were no significant difference between the control group and SMDS group. CONCLUSION The mechanism of SMDS and the abnormality of autonomic nervous innervation in the sinoatrial nodes maybe incorrelation.
Adult ; Autonomic Nervous System/physiology* ; Death, Sudden/pathology* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Myocardium/metabolism* ; Neuropeptide Y/metabolism* ; Sinoatrial Node/innervation* ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism*

In order to explore the genotype distribution and molecular evolution of non-polio enterovirus (NPEVs)in Yunnan Province,the People's Republic of China, we sequenced and analyzed the partial VP1 coding region of 105 NPEVs isolated from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Yunnan province during a 5- year study period from 2006 to 2010. The viral genomes of 105 NPEVs were translated to corresponding amino acid sequences and compared with those of the prototype strains, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed among these VP1 nucleotide sequences and other prototype strains from GenBank. Analysis showed that 18 isolates were classified into 7 serotypes of human enterovirus A species, while 77 isolates into 22 serotypes of B and 10 isolates into 4 serotypes of C species. However, we did not isolate any viruses which belonged to human enterovirus D species. Thus, under AFP surveillance, human enterovirus B species accounted for 73. 3% of the 105 isolates and was considered as the predominant one,followed by human enterovirus A(17. 1%) and human enterovirus C(9. 5%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that various serotypes of the virus and the corresponding prototype strains or other representative strains clustered into the same grooup, however, Yunnan strains and prototype strains were located in the different branches (except CA2,EV90 and EV76). The degree of variation was different even among the same genotype strains. This report showed that different genotype strains spread widely in Yunnan Province.
China ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Typing ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the polymorphism of the TPH gene T3792A locus in Han ethnic group of north China and its application value in forensic science. METHODS: The polymorphism of T3792A locus of the TPH gene was analyzed by the ASPCR of blood samples from 173 unrelated individuals of north Chinese Han population. RESULTS: The distribution of the T3792A locus polymorphism of the TPH gene in Han ethnic group of north China followed the Hardy-Weinberg law, with the allele A and T gene frequency of 0.486 and 0.514, respectively. CONCLUSION The TPH gene T3792A locus shows a very good genetic polymorphism, and may be applied to individual identification and paternity testing.
Asian People/genetics* ; China/ethnology* ; Forensic Genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Paternity ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To detect the Coxsackie virus B3(CVB3) gene in myocardium and spleen tissues in viral myocarditis(VMC) with sudden death and to explore the diagnostic method for VMC by means of seeking pathogene. METHODS: By in situ RT-PCR, the detection of CVB3 gene in myocardium and spleen sections were performed in sudden death group caused by VMC and non-cardiac death group. RESULTS: In VMC group, CVB3 gene-positive signals were seen in myocardium sections(3 out of total 8 cases, No. 1, 4, 7 cases) and spleen sections(4 out of total 8 cases, No. 2, 4, 6, 7 cases). In non-cardiac death group, no positive signals were detected in both myocardium and spleen tissues. CONCLUSION Positive detection of CVB3 gene in both myocardium and spleen maybe an important character of VMC and can improve the detecting pathogene in diagnosing VMC.
Death, Sudden ; Enterovirus B, Human/genetics* ; Heart/virology* ; Humans ; Myocarditis/virology* ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Spleen/virology*

To study the diagnostic method of slight viral myocarditis in the field of forensic pathology, slight viral myocarditis model was induced in Balb/c murine by coxsackie virus B3. Organs of hearts, livers, spleens, lungs and kidneys were examined through routine pathological methods. Pathological changes at different levels of these organs were observed. The results indicated that viral myocarditis was a kind of disease with multiple organ alterations and that the pathological observation and comprehensive analysis of multiple organs was one of the useful methods for diagnosing slight viral myocarditis.
Animals ; Coxsackievirus Infections/pathology* ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Myocarditis/virology*

Thiopurines, one kind of immunosuppressant, represents an effective and widely prescribed therapy in clinic.There is a growing at-tention paid on the relationship between the individual difference of effi-cacy and side effects of thiopurines and the genetic polymorphisms of rel-evant transporters.Therefore, this review summarizes the correlation of the genetic polymorphisms of relevant transporters and efficacy and ad-verse effects of thiopurines, so as to provide theoretical guidance for indi-vidualized treatment in clinical practice.

Objective To explore the clinical curative effect of azithromycin combined with high-dose vitamin C(VC)in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)and its influences on peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets,serum interleukin(IL)-17,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),E2-associated factor 2(Nrf2)in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and P1 pro-teins in throat swab.Methods A total of 240 children with MPP confirmed in the hospital were en-rolled as observation objects between June 2020 and June 2023.They were randomly divided into high-dose VC group,low-dose VC group and control group,with 80 cases in each group.The con-trol group was treated with azithromycin,low-dose VC group was treated with azithromycin plus low-dose VC,and high-dose VC group was treated with azithromycin plus high-dose VC,the three groups all treated for 2 weeks.The clinical curative effect and duration of clinical symptoms in the three groups were recorded.Before and after treatment,fasting venous blood and throat swabs were collected in the three groups.T lymphocyte subsets(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+)in pe-ripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry.The levels of serum IL-17,hs-CRP and VC were de-tected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The mRNA levels of Nrf2 protein in pe-ripheral blood mononuclear cells and P1 protein in throat swabs were detected by real-time fluores-cence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The adverse reactions during treatment in the three groups were recorded and compared.Results After treatment,time of fever,cough,ex-pectoration and lung moist rale,and length of hospital stay were shorten in high-dose VC group and low-dose VC group when compared with those in the control group(P＜0.05),and were shorten in the high-dose VC group when compared with those in the low-dose VC group(P＜0.05).After treatment,levels of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets(CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+)were in-creased when compared with those before treatment in the three groups(P＜0.05).The levels of CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in the high-dose VC group were higher than those in the low-dose VC group and control group(P＜0.05),and CD4+level in the low-dose VC group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,levels of serum IL-17 and hs-CRP were de-creased as compared with those before treatment in the three groups(P＜0.05).The levels of ser-um IL-17 and hs-CRP in the high-dose VC group were lower than those in the low-dose VC and con-trol group,but there was no difference between low-dose VC group and control group(P＞0.05).After treatment,levels of serum VC were increased as compared with that before treatment in high-dose VC group and low-dose VC group,and it was higher in the high-dose VC group than low-dose VC group(P＜0.05).There were no differences in IL-17 and hs-CRP between low-dose VC group and control group(P＞0.05).After treatment,mRNA levels of Nrf2 protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and P1 protein in throat swabs were decreased compared with those before treat-ment in the three groups(P＜0.05).The expression level of Nrf2 mRNA in the high-dose VC group was higher than that in the low-dose VC group and control group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in mRNA expression of PI protein among the three groups(P＞0.05).There were no obvious adverse reactions in any group during treatment.Conclusion Azithromycin combined with high-dose VC can effectively improve clinical symptoms,enhance immunity,reduce IL-17 and hs-CRP levels,maintain Nrf2 mRNA level and improve clinical curative effect in MPP children,and has higher safety.