A Review Many studies indicate that apoptosis is involved in the progression of congestive heart failure. At present, mechanisms that mitochondria regulates cell apoptosis is widely accepted.Cardiac myocytes have abundant mitochondria,which plays an important role in maintenance of cell physiological function. Recent studies find that cardiac energy metabolic shifts occur as a normal response to diverse physiologic and dietary conditions and as a component of the pathophysiologic processes which accompany cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and myocardial ischemia.Both clinical and experimental studies show that cardiac function can be improved and apoptosis is inhibited by intervention in energetic metabolism of myocytes. [

Catheter Ablation ; Humans ; Thyroid Nodule ; surgery

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the status and tendency of the application of antihyperlipidemics drugs in Chongqing area. METHODS: The use of antihyperlipidemics drugs in 28 hospitals of Chongqing from 2004 to 2007 was analyzed statistically in respect of the consumption sum, DDDs and DDC. RESULTS: The mean annual incremental ratio of the consumption sum of antihyperlipidemics drugs reached over 33.80%. Simvastatin has been dominated the first place over the 4 years in terms of consumption sum and DDDs; the consumption sum of atorvastatin has been on the rise but that of Gemfibrozil decreased year on year with mean annual decrement of 60%. CONCLUSION: Statins assumed a dominant position among all the antihyperlipidemics drugs used in Chongqing area and its use has great potential.

Child, Preschool ; Dexamethasone ; adverse effects ; Diaphragm ; drug effects ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Spasm ; chemically induced

Background The primary pathologic mechanism of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is proliferation,migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of residuary lens epithelial cells (LECs) after cataract extract surgery.Researches showed that MG132,a proteasome inhibitor,can attenuate the proliferation of bovine LECs,but its effect on human LECs remains unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of MG132 on proliferation,migration and differentiation of human LECs in vitro.Methods Human lens capsule were collected during the surgery.Human LECs were primarily cultured by explant method and passaged.The second or third generation of cells were incubated to 96-well plates at the density of 5×105/ml (200 μl/well) for 24 hours.Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2,10 mg/L),MG132 (10 μmol/L) or MG132+FGF-2 was added into the culture medium for 24 hours separately,and regular cultured cells served as the control group.The proliferation value (absorbance,A490) of the cells was assayed by MTT colorimetric method.A bare area was made by a sterile cotton swab in the cell layer,and migrated cell number in the blank zone was counted to evaluate the migration ability of the cells after 24 hours.Transforming growth factor-32(TGF-β2),MG132 or MG132+TGF-β2 was added into the culture medium for 24 hours separately,and the expression of fibronectin (FN) in the cells was detected using immunochemistry.Results The proliferation values (A490) of the cells were 0.582±0.020,0.723±0.010,0.434± 0.011 and 0.465±0.008 in the control group,FGF-2 group,MG132 group and MG132 + FGF-2 group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the groups (F =110.482,P＜0.01).The A value was significantly higher in the FGF-2 group and lower in the MG132 group and MG132+FGF-2 group than that of the control group (all at P＜ 0.05).The migrated cell number was 8.67 ± 1.08,11.58 ± 1.59,2.67 ± 0.09 and 2.75 ± 0.09 in the control group,FGF-2 group,MG132 group and MG132+FGF-2 group,respectively,with a significant difference among the groups (F=34.301,P＜0.01),and more cells in the blank zone were seen in the FGF-2 group and less cells were in the MG132 group and MG132+FGF-2 group in comparison with the control group (all at P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the proliferative rate and migrating rate of the cells declined by 25.4％ and 75.0％ in the MG132 group as well as 20.1％ and 68.3％ in the MG132+FGF-2 group,but in the FGF-2 group,they increased by 24.2％ and 33.6％.The expressing levels (A value) of FN in the LECs were 1.242±0.023,2.329±0.113,1.043 ±0.021 and 1.163±0.018 in the control group,TGF-β2 group,MG132 group and MG132 +TGF-β2 group,respectively,with a significant difference among the groups (F =113.752,P＜0.01),a considerably increased expressing value was seen in the TGF-β2 group and decreased value was in the MG132 group and MG132+TGF-β2 group when compared with the control group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions MG132 can effectively inhibit the proliferation,migration and differentiation of human LECs in vitro.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of telbivudine in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients by comparing the efficacy of initial telbivudine therapy in treatment-naive patients with sequential telbivudine therapy in patients with poor response to adefovir.Methods A total of 90 HBeAg-positive CHB patients were assigned to receive sequential telbivudine therapy following poor response to adefovir dipivoxil (n=45),or initial telbivudine therapy in antiviral treatment-naive patients (n=45).All patients were treated with telbivudine 600 mg daily for 104 weeks.The efficacy was evaluated in terms of liver function tests,serum HBV markers,HBV DNA and antiviral drug resistance.Results Telbivudine showed good overall efficacy after treatment for 104 weeks in terms of alanine aminotransferase normalization rate (91.1％),HBV DNA negative conversion rate (80.0％),HBeAg loss rate (57.8％),and HBeAg/HBeAb seroconversion rate (30.0％).The HBV DNA negative conversion rate in initial treatment group was significantly higher than that in sequential treatment group (P＜0.05).However,among the patients with early response,the efficacy did not show significant difference between groups (P＞0.05).The patients with early response showed significantly better efficacy than those without early response,in terms of higher HBV DNA negative conversion rate,higher HBeAg loss rate and HBeAg/ HBeAb seroconversion rate (P＜0.000 1 or P＜0.05),but lower virological breakthrough rate (P＜0.05).Conclusions Telbivudine has shown reliable efficacy in CHB patients.Initial telbivudine therapy is better than sequential therapy in CHB patients with poor response to adefovir.However,for patients with early response to telbivudine,no statistical difference is found between initial and sequential therapy in long-term treatment efficacy (104 weeks).The patients receiving sequential telbivudine therapy should be monitored closely for early antiviral response to optimize treatment.

Background Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease and its treatment is surgical excision.But recurrence rate of pterygium is high after operation.Recently,some studies showed that the postoperatively topical administration of cyclosporine A (CsA) reduce the recurrence of pterygium,but this conclusion needs basis of evidence-based medicine.Objective This systematic review was to investigate the efficacy and safety of postoperatively topical usage of CsA in preventing the recurrence of primary pterygium.Methods A systematic literature retrieval was conducted and the relative articals were searched from MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP databases up to October 2012 according to searching strategy and correlated words.Randomized controlled trial (RCT) and prospective Cohort studies data were extracted by two researchers separately.The outcome parameters,such as the rate of recurrence,Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t) and complications were analyzed.The statistical analysis of the relative risk (RR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) was performed using a RevMan 5.0 software.Fixed-effect model was used for the inhomogeneity multiple studies (P≥0.1,homogeneity test I2 ＜ 50％),and random-effect model was used for the homogeneity study.Results Six prospective studies involving 366 eyes of 309 participants were identified,including 4 RCT and 2 non-RCT.The literature was published in 2008-2012 with the Jadad 5 scores in 1 paper and 2 scores in 3 papers for RCT and 6-7NOS (The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) scores in 2 papers for Cohort studies.Meta-analysis showed that the recurrence and complication rates were significantly lower in the CsA group than those of the control group (RR =0.39,95 ％ CI:0.24-0.64,P =0.0002 and RR =0.24,95％ CI:0.13-0.44,P ＜ 0.00001) respectively.The postoperatively increased value of S Ⅰ t in the CsA group was significantly higher than that of the control group (WMD =2.47,95％CI:1.59-3.35,P ＜ 0.00001).Subgroups analyses suggested that the results were comparatively reliable.Conclusions Postoperative application of CsA can be effective for preventing recurrences and reducing complications after primary pterygium surgery.

The authors analyzed the current problems about clinical postgraduate cultivation in the medical colleges or institutes or hospitals in China,and proposed some solving ideas for discussion,including raising the applicative qualification for enrolling postgraduate,reinforcing construction of the soft and hardware condition,guaranteeing enrolling number of postgraduate for key colleges and institutes.

AIM: To study the inhibitiory effects of Fuerkang Injection (sweet worm wood oil, glycyrrhetate and Vitamin A acetate). and its ingredients on SMMC-7721 and NB4 cell lines, in order to understand its antitumour spectrum and reasonability of its composition. METHODS: SMMC-7721 and NB4 cell lines were treated with Fuerkang Injection and its ingredients under the same concentration for 48 h, adfiamycin was used as standard com-parison,inhibitiory effect on growth of two cell lines was detected by MTT method. RESULTS: At 1.260 μg/mL, the inhibition rate of Fuerkang Injection and its decomposed recipes preparations 1,2,3 to SMMC-7721 cell lines were 54.78%, 55.49%, 53.18%, 53.79%, hemi-inhibitory concentration IC_(50) were 0.415,0.376,0.715 and 0.636 μg/mL,respectively. The inhibition rate of NB4 cell lines were 88.6% ,82.5% ,77.9% and 76.9% ,hemi-inhibitory concentration IC_(50) were 0.091,0.108 1,0.084 and 0.120 μg/mL. CONCLUSION: Fuerkang Injection and its ingredients have significant inhibitory action on SMMC-7721 and NB4 cell lines,each component herb in the compound preparation has synergetic effects.