Objective To review the characteristics of animal models of sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease(SPID)to provide a reference for standardizing the modeling process and improving the modeling rate.Methods Literature relevant to animal models of SPID from the past 40 years was searched,and animal species,modeling method,modeling cycles,modeling substances,positive control drugs,and evaluation indexes were summarized and analyzed.Results A total of 243 study manuscripts were included,most of which induced the SPID model in rats via the phenol paste or microbial infection method.The modeling cycles were typically between 14 and 16 days,and the success of the models was mostly determined by pelvic tissue morphology observation and pathological HE staining.Few research reports have focused on the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)disease combination model.Conclusions No consistent criteria have been established for SPID animal model modeling,and thus it is recommended that researchers evaluate changes to animal behavior,pelvic histomorphology,and pathology.TCM syndrome modeling lacks effective method and evaluation standards,which need further research and development.Finally,the selection and use of positive-control drugs need to be further explored and perfected.

Objective To investigate the correlation between levels of Annexin A1,Bax and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and both formation and stability of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques.Methods Forty-five specimens from patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques (test group,group A),admitted to our hospital from May 2010 to June 2011 and performed carotid endarterectomy (CEA),and 20 specimens from patients with mesenteric artery and 20 healthy subjects (control groups,group B and group C,respectively) were collected in our study.The carotid atherosclerotic plaque specimens were divided into soft plaque group A1 (n=15),mixed plaque group A2 (n=15) and hard plaque group A3 (n=15) according to the results of carotid artery ultrasound.The Lp-PLA2 level in group A and group C was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the mRNA and protein expressions of Annexin A1 and Bax in group A and group B were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.Results The level of Lp-PLA2 in all patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques was significantly increased as compared with that in group C (P＜0.05); that in group A1 was significantly higher than that in group A3 (P＜0.05).The mRNA and protein expressions of Annexin A1 and Bax in all patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques were significantly increased as compared with those in group B (P＜0.05); group A1 exhibited lower mRNA and protein expressions of Annexin A1 than group A3 (P＜0.05),while group A1 exhibited higher mRNA and protein expressions of Bax than group A3 (P＜0.05).Conclusion Annexin A1,Lp-PLA2 and Bax participate in the formation and stability of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques.