Aromatase Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Bone Density Conservation Agents ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Calcium ; therapeutic use ; Diphosphonates ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; therapeutic use ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; Postmenopause ; Vitamin D ; therapeutic use

The application of Standardized patient(SP) in Chinese clinical teaching is still in its infancy.The experience of SP in respiratory medicine teaching is also very limited.This article discusses the experience in applying SP in respiratory medicine teaching and several issues of SP training that should he paid attention to,and hrings forward our expectation in SP training in China.

Gastrectomy ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; analysis ; Statistics as Topic ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global burden disease and is being resurrected as a major worldwide public health problem after two decades of neglect.In 1993,the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that TB had been a global emergency because of the scale of the epidemic and the urgent need to improve global tuberculosis control.China is one of the countries with the largest population,and also the top of the 22 TB high-burden countries in the world.In the United States,the longstanding downward trend in TB incidence was interrupted in the mid-to-late 1980s,where the national TB incidence peaked in 1992.Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the three regions to dominate the worldwide distribution of notified TB cases.Of the 15 countries with the highest estimated tuberculosis incidence rates in the world,13 are in sub-Saharan Africa,where HIV is the most important single predictor of tuberculosis incidence.The largest share of the global burden of HIV-related tuberculosis falls on this region.The reasons for the persisting global tuberculosis burden include increased poverty in some regions,immigration from countries with high tuberculosis prevalence,the impact of HIV,and most importantly,the failure to maintain the necessary public health infrastructure under the mistaken belief that tuberculosis was a problem of the past.Relying on currently available methods of diagnosis and treatment,the DOT strategy promoted by the WHO for global tuberculosis control is effective,affordable,and adaptable in different settings.

Objective:To study the relationship between hyperviscosity syndrome(HVS) and platelet membrane glycoproteins(GP) sub group changes.Methods: CD62P,CD63,CD31 and CD41 were measured by flow cytometry(FCM). The hemorrheoloic parameters of HVS patients were compared with those of normal aged group and normal young group.Results:(1)The CD62P,CD63 and CD31 of aged and young HVS patients before therapy were obviously higher than those of the normal aged group and normal young group.(2)Combined measurement could improve the detecting positive rate of HVS patients up to 92% 100%, with the sensitivity being 95.3%.(3)Bamyl decreased CD62P,CD63 and CD31,which was obviously correlated with ?b and ?p. Conclusion:The alteration of platelet membrane GP positive expression may be a parameter for early diagnosis and clinical outcome observation.

Cholesteatoma ; diagnosis ; Ear, Middle ; Humans ; Otitis Media ; diagnosis

Objective:To investigate YKL-40-mediated inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells and analyzed the soluble factors secreted by bronchial epithelial cells exposed to YKL-40 that were responsible for increasing proliferation and migration of primary normal human bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs).Methods:YKL-40-induced inflammation was assayed in two human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cell line and primary human bronchial epithelial cells ,namely HBECs).In addition,we treated BEAS-2B cells and HBECs with YKL-40,and added the conditioned culture media ( YKL-40-BEAS-2B-CM) and ( YKL-40-HBECs-CM) to BSMCs.The proliferation and migration of BSMCs were determined by premixed WST-1 cell proliferation reagent and QCM chemotaxis migration assay ,respectively.Results: Bronchial epithelial cells treated with YKL-40 resulted in a significant increase of IL-8 production,but have no effect about RANTES ,Eotaxin and TNF-α.YKL-40-BEAS-2B-CM and YKL-40-HBECs-CM induced IL-8 was found to further stimulate proliferation and migration of BSMCs ,and the effects were inhibited after neutralizing IL-8.Conclusion:Through investigating the interaction of airway epithelium and smooth muscle ,our findings implicate that YKL-40 may be involved in the inflammation of asthma by induction of IL-8 from epithelium,subsequently contributing to BSMCs proliferation and migration.Moreover, inhibition of IL-8 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for YKL-40-induced inflammation and remodeling of asthma.

Microcirculation dysfunction is involved in the onset of diabetes and its complications.The pathophysiological mechanisms behind the relationship between microcirculation and diabetes are multifactorial.Islet microcirculation dysfunction affects function of islet β cells.Impairment of microvascular vasomotion might be associated with insulin resistance.Microcirculation dysfunction of target organs mediates diabetic complications.