BACKGROUND:At present, isokinetic testing system has attracted more and more attentions in the evaluation of athlete muscle function, but its application in the detection of waist and abdomen muscle strength characteristics in juvenile male basketbal athletes is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To study the biomechanical characteristics of waist flexor and extensor muscles inoutstanding juvenile male basketbal athletes in order to provide the basis for waist and abdominal strength training, scientific selection and prevention of lumbar abdomen injury in basketbal sport. METHODS:Eighteen athletes from the Guangzhou Men’s Basketbal Team were subjected to the detection of muscle strength and work of waist flexor and extensor muscles at 60(°)/s and 180(°)/s using Cybex-Norm isokinetic test system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At the same testing speed, the peak torque and relative peak torque of the extensor muscles were higher than those of the flexor muscles (P<0.01). The increase in the peak torque, relative peak torque and total work of the waist extensor and flexor muscles exhibited a reduced tendency with the increasing of testing speed (P<0.05);the peak torque and relative peak torque of the extensor muscles were decreased more significantly (P<0.01);the relative power of the waist extensor and flexor muscles were increased gradual y with the increasing of testing speed (P<0.01). These parameters were better in perimeter players than in post players. Under the isokinetic concentric contraction, the peak torque ratio of extensor to flexor muscles showed a decreasing trend with the increasing of testing speed and the waist flexor peak torque and extensor muscles flexion showed a decreasing trend, and the trunk stability was weakened. These findings indicate that the muscle strength of the extensor muscles was higher than that of the flexor muscles;the muscles strength of the waist flexor and extensor muscles was better in perimeter players than in post players. In isokinetic rapid movement, the muscle strength of the waist flexor and extensor muscles were reduced and the balance of the muscle strength of the waist flexor and extensor muscles was weakened, suggesting rapid strength training of the waist and abdominal core muscles should be strengthened in juvenile male basketbal athletes.

Objective:To study the coronal microleakage of flared root canal teeth restored with computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)fiber post and core.Methods:60 extracted human mandibular premolars with single canal were divided into 3 groups randomly(n =20).The roots of the teeth were restored with CAD/CAM glass fiber post and core(group A), prefabricated glass fiber post(group B)and gold alloy dowel-and-core(group C)respectively.The specimens were immersed in India ink for 4 weeks.Subsequently all teeth were demineralized,dehydrated and rendered transparent.Then coronal microleakage was ob-served with stereomicroscope.Nonparametric data were analyzed.After that,All the specimens was demineralized completely in nitric acid,Then the interface between the post,resin cement and canal wall was observed and recorded.Results:The microleakage was found in all the 3 groups,group A and C showed less microleakage than group B(P <0.05).But no difference was detected between group A and C(P >0.05).Microleakage mostly appeared at the interface between post and resin cement in group A and C,while in group B,it appeared between resin cement and the wall of root canal totally.Conclusion:CAD/CAMfiber post and core demonstrates less coronal microleakage than prefabricated glass fiber post.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects, safety of pneumatic lithotripsy and 2 μm laser via transurethral ureteroscope for ureteral calculi accompanied with granulation. Methods27 cases (30 sides) of ureteral calculi accompanied with granulation treated with 2 μm laser and pneumatic lithotripsy via ureteroscope were reviewed. Results28 sides were fragmented successfully in a single procedure. The operation time was 15～45 min (mean 25 min). The intraoperative blood loss was 3～15 ml (mean 5 ml). The postoperative hospitalization time was 3～7 d (mean 5.5 d). 1 upper ureteral stone was pushed back to the renal pelvis and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was needed. The insertion of the ureteroscope was failed in 1 cases, who accepted open operation finally. Double-J tubes were pulled out in all the patients after 1 month, and 26 sides were stone-free. They were followed-up for 3～15 months (mean 8 months), no ureteral stenosis or urinary infection was found. Conclusion2 μm laser and pneumatic lithotripsy via ureteroscope is an effective and safe therapy for ureteral calculi with granulation, especially for those on middle or lower levels.

AIM:To observe the changes of tear film on the patients after laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK) with corneal flap created by femtosecond laser with Oculus corneal topography.
METHODS:Totally 120 myopic patients (240 eyes) were collected who underwent femtosecond laser surgery LASIK from August to September 2013, and these patients can be followed up for 3mo. Tear break-up time ( BUT) and tear meniscus height ( TMH ) with Oculus corneal topography were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively at 1wk;1, 2 and 3mo.
RESULTS: Oculus BUT: there existed obvious differences (P=0. 012, 0. 000, 0. 023<0. 05) in 1wk, 1 and 2mo compared with the preoperative level. While no such obvious difference ( P = 0. 236 > 0. 05 ) existed in 3mo compared with the preoperative level. TMH:there existed obvious differences (P=0. 025, 0. 019, 0. 026<0. 05) in 1wk, 1 and 2mo compared with the preoperative level. No such obvious difference ( P = 0. 375>0. 05 ) existed in 3mo compared with the preoperative level.
CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser surgery affects the stability of the tear film at a certain time and a certain extent. The mechanism related to many factors. It is temporary and lighted.

AIM: To observe the changes of tear film on the patients after laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK ) with corneal flap created by femtosecond laser with the different gender.
METHODS: The 120 myopic patients ( 240 eyes ) who underwent femtosecond laser surgery LASIK from August to September 2013 were collected, and these patients were followed up for 3mo. The patients were divided into two groups according to the gender, group A was male (110 eyes of 55 patients); group B was female (130 eyes of 65 patients). Dry eye symptom score, tear break-up time ( BUT ) , Schirmer Ⅰ test, corneal fluorescein staining were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively in 1wk,1,2,3mo.
RESULTS: Dry eye symptom score: it was statistically significant between two groups after operation in the 1wk, 1, 2mo(P = 0. 000,0. 023, 0. 030). It had no statistical significance between the two groups in 3mo(P=0. 283). BUT: it was statistical significance between two groups after operation in the 1wk, 1, 2, 3mo ( P= 0. 000, 0. 017, 0.026, 0. 032 ). Schirmer Ⅰ test: it was statistically significant between two groups after operation in the 1wk, 1, 2mo(P = 0. 012,0. 024, 0. 018). It had no statistical significance between the two groups in 3mo ( P=0. 206 ) Corneal fluorescein staining:it was statistically significant between two groups after operation in the 1wk, 1, 2, 3mo (P=0. 022,0. 015, 0. 036, 0.041).
CONCLUSION: The influence of tear film after femtosecond laser surgery for men less than that for women.

To observe the changes of tear film on the patients after laser in situ keratomileusis(LASlK)with corneal flap created by femtosecond laser and microkeratome.
●METHODS: Totally 150 patients (300 eyes) with myopia received operation of LASlK. Patients were divided into two groups according to the methods of making corneal flap. The patients of group one were assigned to receiving LASlK with corneal flap creation by lntralase femtosecond laser (190 eyes of 95 patients), group two were assigned to receiving LASlK with corneal flap creation by microkeratome ( 110 eyes of 55 patients ). Dry eye symptom score, tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer Ⅰtest(Slt), corneal fluorescein staining(FL)were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively at 1wk; 1, 3 and 6mo.
●RESULTS: Dry eye symptom score: there existed obvious differences at 1wk; 1, 3mo between two groups(P<0. 05). While no such obvious differences existed in the 6mo between two groups(P>0. 05). BUT: there existed obvious differences at 1wk, 1, 3mo between two groups(P<0. 05). While no such obvious differences existed at 6mo between two groups(P>0. 05). SchirmerⅠ test: there existed obvious differences in the 1wk, 1, 3mo between two groups(P<0. 05). Whileno such obvious differences existed in the 6mo between 2 groups(P>0. 05). FL: there existed obvious differences in the 1wk, 1, 3mo between two groups(P<0. 05). While no such obvious differences existed in the 6mo between two groups(P>0. 05).
●CONCLUSlON: The early stability of tear film decrease after operation in both of the two groups. The dry eye symptoms are lighter and recover faster.

OBJECTIVETo search all studies that had been published in the world with regarding to the effectiveness of the extent of intralesional curettage and wide excision for recurrence rate and complications and comparative functional outcomes in patients with giant cell tumours (GCT) of the distal radius and analyze them which were in high quality by means of Meta analysis, in order to give some evidences for the choice of method dealing with giant cell tumors GCT in surgery.

METHODSCochrane central register of controlled trials(Issue 8 2014), PubMed(1970-01-01/2013-01-01), Ovid (1970-01-01/2013- 01-01), Elsevier (1970-01-01/2013-01-01), CNKI (1970-01-01/2013-01-01) were searched. Including intralesional curettage and wide excision were performed to treat giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the distal radius in the literatures, selecting on meet eligibility in the standard literatures underwent strict quality assessment. The Meta-analysis was performed with software RevMan5.0 from the Cochrane collaboration. Additionally, the analysis checked the heterogeneity of data. The effectiveness of the extent of intralesional curettage and wide excision for recurrence rate and complication in patients with giant cell tumours of the distal radius were evaluated and Odds Ratio was calculated.

RESULTSSeven relevant articles were identified involving total 163 cases. Among them, 92 cases were intralesional curettage (PMMA, n = 54; bone graft, n = 33; no PMMA or bone grafts, n = 5) and 71 cases were wide excision. The patients in the intralesional curettage group had a higher recurrence rate [OR = 3.87, 95% CI (1.42, 10.53)],especially for Campanacci grade 3 GCTs [OR = 10.12, 95% CI (1.57, 65.27)], yet fewer major complications [OR = 0.13, 95% CI (0.04, 0.40)] than the wide excision group. The use of PMMA versus bone graft did not affect the recur- rence rate [OR = 0.96, 95% CI (0.26, 3.56)]. By selecting the system evaluation of MSTS, the VAS and dynamometer, the result showed that the intralesional curettage group was equivalent or preferable to wide excision in terms of function rehabilitation.

CONCLUSIONBased on data obtained from the limited number of studies available, intralesional curettage appears to be moreappropriate for the treatment of local lesions (Grade 1 and 2) than Grade 3 GCTs of the distal radius. Moreover, PMMA was not additionally effective as an adjuvant, the intralesional curettage group was found to be equivalent or preferable to wide excision in terms of function rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the effect and significance of regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress on the expression of histone methyltransferases SET7/9 in the kidneys of db/db mice.Methods Db/db mice were randomly divided into two groups according to random number table method:diabetic nephropathy model group (DN group,n=18) and betaine treatment group (DN+B group,n =18),db/m mice were defined as normal control group (NC group,n =18).At the end of 4,8 and 12 weeks,the expression of GRP78,SET7/9,H3K4me2,and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) was determined by real-time fluorescence PCR and Western blotting.24-hour urinary protein excretion rate (UPER) and urine MCP-1 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The dynamic changes of blood glucose(BG),serum creatinine (Scr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were tested by completely automatic biochemistry analyzer.The morphology of kidney was estimated by special staining of periodic acid-schiff (PAS).Results The levels of BG,BUN,UAER and MCP-1 were significantly higher in DN group than those in NC group (P ＜ 0.05),and were in time-dependent manner.Glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial cells proliferation began to emerge in DN group at the end of week 4 and mesangial matrix expansion was more obvious at the end of week 12.The mRNA and protein expression of GRP78 and SET7/9 were elevated significantly in DN group as compared to NC group.The H3K4me2 protein expression level was also increased in time-dependent manner.Compared with the DN group,in DN+B group glomerular lesions attenuated and the GRP78 and SET7/9 expression levels obviously decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,the levels of BG,BUN,UPER,MCP-1,H3K4me2 in DN+B group were also reduced (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Endoplasmic reticulum stress may be the upstream mechanism of mediating the expression of SET7/9 in the kidneys of DN mice.

Objective To observe the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) on the activation of monocytes induced by high glucose and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods The monocyte cell line THP-1 was stimulated with high glucose,and then treated with molecular chaperone betaine.The levels of glucose regulation protein 78 (GRP78) and p-JNK,which were associated with ERS were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting.The proliferation of the cell line was detected by MTT method.Transwell and immunofluorescence were applied to observe the chemotaxis and phenotype of cells respectively.Results The levels of GRP78 and p-JNK of THP-1 cells stimulated by high glucose were significantly increased compared with the normal control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The proliferation and chemotactic were also enhanced (all P ＜ 0.05).The number of cells in M1 phenotype was increased remarkably (P ＜ 0.05).All the indexes above could be rescued by betaine.Conclusion The activation of THP-1 cells can be induced by high glucose through ERS,while molecular chaperone betaine can reverse the activation.

Objective To discuss the operative methods and cnrative effect of calcaneal tuberosity fracture.Methods The data of 15 patients with calcaneal tuberosity fracture was retrospectively analyzed who received treatment between January 2008 and June 2011.There were 9 males and 6 female,with the age ranging from 31 to 68 years (average,51.4 years).All the patients had unilateral acute injury,with the left foot in 7 cases and the right foot in 8 cases.According to the Beavis classification,there were 3 cases in type Ⅰ and 12 cases in type Ⅱ.All the cases in type Ⅰ and 10 cases in type Ⅱ were treated with open reduction and screw fixation.The other 2 cases in type Ⅱ with larger fragment involving a portion of the subtalar joint were treated with plate and screw fixation.The effect of the treatment was assessed according to the ankle and hindfoot score system of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) after the operation.Results Ten patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months (average,20 months).The healing time in these patients ranged from 8 to 25 weeks (average,12 weeks).The postoperative score ranged from 47 to 100 points (average,91.1 points).There were 7 cases which received excellent effect,2 cases,good,and 1 case,poor.The rate of excellent and good was 90％.Necrosis of skin and soft tissue and exposure of the plate happened to one patient,who eventually healed after 3 weeks by debridement with plate preserved and peroneal artery perforator flap transplantation.Loss of reduction happened to another patient,who was treated with the revision surgery by open reduction and screw fixation again.Conclusion To patients with obvious Fracture displacement whose soft tissues are irritated severely.Emergency open reduction and internal fixation operation should be offered to prevent the necrosis of the flaps as far as possible.To patients with small fractures,it is advisable to choose open reduction and large diameter screw fixation,while plate and screw fixation may be better for patients with larger tuberosity fragment,especially when the fracture line extends to the facet of the subtalar joint.