Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 80% of lung cancer cases, but only 25%-30% of initially diagnosed patients have the option of radical surgery because of the lack of effective measures for early diagnosis. For locally advanced and advanced NSCLC, radiotherapy alone or comprehensive treatment with chemoradiotherapy is the main treatment method; however, the curative effect is unsatisfactory. Recently, increasing evidence sug-gests that targeted drugs, such as epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), combined with radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy represent a promising treatment modality for NSCLC. This review will discuss the research status of EGFR-TKIs and radiotherapy for locally advanced and advanced NSCLC.

Objective To investigate the effects of probiotics on the occurrence of ovalbumin (OVA) induced food allergy and the regulatory effects on immune function of rat models. Methods Thirty female Brown-Norway rats aged 3 weeks were randomly divided into blank control group,food allergy group and probiotics intervention group(n=10).The levels of serum OVA-IgE and intestinal sIgA were measured by ELISA method.Splenic lymphocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro,and the Treg lymphocyte subgroups in the spleen were analyzed by flow eytometry.The levels of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-10 in the supernatant of cultured splenic lymphocytes were measured by ELISA method. Results The serum OVA-IgE level in food allergy group was significantly higher than that in blank control group(P<0.05),while that in probiotics intervention group was significantly lower than that in food allergy group(P<0.05).Compared with food allergy group and blank control group,the level of intestinal sIgA in probiotics intervention group was significantly higher(P<0.05).The percentage of CD4~+CD25~+T lymphoeytes in food allergy group was significantly lower than that in blank contml group(P0.05).The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in food allergy group were significantly higher than those in blank control group(P<0.05).Probiotics intervention group had significantly lower levels of IL-4,IL-10 and IFN-γ than food allergy group(P<0.05).The ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in food allergy group was significantly lower than that in blank control group(P<0.05),while that in probiotics intervention group was significantly higher than that in food allergy group(P<0.05). Conclusion Probioties intervention could prevent the occurrence of food allergy in animal models by modulating the Th1/Th2 eytokine balance.

BackgroundThe study of the molecular mechanism of visual plasticity is helpful for the explaining and prevention of strabismus and amblyopia.The effect and significance of NogoA in the strabismus and amblyopia formation are attracting more attention.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the expression of NogoA in 21a area of visual cortex in strabismic-induced amblyopia cats and explore the possible molecular mechanism of strabismic-induced amblyopia.MethodsSixteen 4-week old clean cats were randomizedly divided into normal group and strabismic-induced amblyopia group and eight for each group.The strabismic-induced amblyopia models were created by cutting off the external rectus in 8 cats.Pattern visual evoked potentials ( P-VEP ) were recorded 1 week after operation and compared with normal cats,and depression of amplitude and prolongation of implied time of P100 wave were as the successful criterion of model.The 200 ml paraformaldehyde was infused via heart to fax the brain under the deep anesthesia and then the cats were sacrificed and the brain cortex sections were prepared.The morphology of 21a zone of cat visual cortex was examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining,and the expressions of NogoA in 21a area of visual cortex were detected by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antiNogoA antibody.The use of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.ResultsThe implied time and amplitude ratio of VEP P100 wave were (98.10±7.07)ms and (0.83±0.14) in normal group,and those in strabismic-induced amblyopia group were (108.50±6.95 )ms and (0.35 ±0.09 ),showing significant differences between two groups (t=4.450,P=0.005 ; t =5.970,P =0.005 ).The numbers of neurons were similar in 21a area of visual cortex between the two groups,but the volume of the neurons was lessen in strabismic-induced amblyopia group.The positive cell densities for NogoA were ( 387.37±2.01 ) cells/mm2,( 354.58± 1.85 ) cells/mm2 and ( 289.68± 1.81 ) cells/mm2 in layer Ⅱ/Ⅲ,Ⅳ and V/V[ respectively in strabismic-induced amblyopia group,and those in normal group were ( 161.39± 1.98 ) cells/mm2,( 128.93 ± 1.26 ) cells/mm2 and ( 96.25 ± 1.49 ) cells/mm2,indicating a significant increase in model cats ( t =- 160.400,- 201.890,- 164.740,P =0.000 ).Conclusions NogoA may play an important role in the regulation of the sensitive developmental period of visual sense and its plasticity.

OBJECTIVETo detect the variation of gene expression profile of G1/S transition and elucidate the role of related genes regulating cell cycle from G1 to S phase in gastric cancer.

METHODSNocodazole-thymidine and double thymidine methods were used to synchronize gastric cells at G2/M and G1/S point, cDNA microarray chips was applied to examine the gene expression profile at G1 early and late phase, S early and late phase during the cell cycle, hierarchy analysis was conducted by a professional software package.

RESULTSA total of 2001 genes were detected available, 959 genes appeared to be upregulated or downregulated, including 147 genes upregulated at G1 late phase. These 147 genes are involved in DNA metabolism, transcription and translation,posttranslational modification, ubiquitination, signal transduction etc, which all affected cell cycle from different aspects.

CONCLUSIONComplex multiple gene processes, such as DNA metabolism, transcription and translation, posttranslational modification, ubiquitination, signal transduction etc,are implicated in and also essential for G1/S transition during gastric cancer cell cycle, part of these genes are significantly associate with overproliferation in gastric cancer.

Cell Division ; G1 Phase ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; S Phase ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

BACKGROUND: The artificial disc requires a height, a width, and a shape as much as possible to be similar to the original intervertebral disc in order to perfectly distribute the load. At present, most of the data are from foreign countries or measured using X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging, but there are some shortcomings. OBJECTIVE: To diagnose the spinal disease and provide data for the design of a native lumbar disc device by measuring the normal lumbar intervertebral disc using computer tomography (CT). METHODS: A total of 2 235 patients who underwent lumbar CT examination in Liuzhou Worker's Hospital from January 2012 to May 2017 were collected and analyzed. There were 62 cases, including 45 males and 17 females, after being strictly met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the age of 20, they were divided into four groups: 20-30, 31-40, 41-50 and more than 50 years old. The range was from L1to S1. The measurement index include intervertebral disc anteroposterior diameter, transerverse diameter, disc volume, sagittal anterior, middle and posterior height, coronal left and right height, and interverterbral angle. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In terms of age, there was a statistically significant difference in measurement indexes between L1/2, L2/3 and L3/4(P < 0.05). Therefore, the factor of age should be taken into account. However, there was no statistically significant difference between L4/5and L5/S1segments (P > 0.05). (2) There was a statistical difference between the anterior and middle height of the sagittal position in L4/5and L5/S1(P < 0.05). (3) There were statistical differences between the angles of L2/3, L3/4, L4/5, L5/S1intervertebral space (P <0.05), but the difference of angle between L4/5and L5/S1was the most. (4) There was no statistical difference in the height between the left and right sides of the coronal position (P > 0.05). (5) There was statistical difference between the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the disc on the adjacent cross section (P < 0.05). (6) The results showed that the lower the segment, the smaller the statistical difference between each group. It is indicated that the age difference should be considered on the L1/2, L2/3, and L3/4segments in the design of lumbar disc or interbody fusion. The lumbar artificial intervertebral disc can be placed in the middle or side. The artificial disc should be designed into the wedge shape instead of a rectangle. These will provide a good anatomical basis for the design of domestic lumbar artificial intervertebral discs.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the loss of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) due to particulate air pollution in Chinese urban residents.

METHODSDALYs was applied to evaluate the health effects due to particulate air pollution in the residents of 656 Chinese cities, and the data of annual average concentrations of inhalable particle (PM(10)) in 2006 were collected from the state-owned air quality monitoring network.

RESULTSParticulate air pollution in Chinese urban areas in 2006, could cause (506.6 +/- 95.2) thousand premature deaths, (156.6 +/- 41.2) thousand new cases of chronic bronchitis, (12.6 +/- 5.2) million outpatient visits for internal medicine, (99.9 +/- 50.4) thousand and (72.0 +/- 8.2) thousand hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases respectively. The attributable DALYs loss in urban residents amounted up to (5.26 +/- 0.99) million person years in 2006, of which, 96.26% (506.55/526.22) were caused by premature deaths. The attributable loss of DALYs increased with more seriously PM-polluted atmosphere and larger urban population.

CONCLUSIONSubstantial adverse health effects due to outdoor particulate air pollution were observed in China urban areas, thus strengthening air pollution control still remains an imperative and urgent matter in public health perspective.

Air Pollutants ; adverse effects ; Air Pollution ; adverse effects ; China ; Cities ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Environmental Monitoring ; Health Status ; Humans ; Life Tables ; Particulate Matter ; adverse effects ; Risk Assessment

Objective To investigate the clinical value of automated breast volume scanner(ABVS) system in detection musculoskeletal system lesions.Methods Totally 49 patients were scanned by Acuson S2000 ABVS system after conventional ultrasound examination.The scanning data of ABVS were stored and automatically reconstructed to obtain coronal and sagittal images.Then the results were analyzed and the occurrence rates of circle sign of different lesions were compared.Results The images of 49 lesions were obtained with ABVS and conventional ultrasound successfully.Statistical difference of the occurrence rate of circle sign was found between benign and malignant lesions (x2 =5.559,P =0.021).However,there was no statistical difference between hemangioma and malignant lesions (x2 =2.098,P =0.156).Meanwhile,a missed lesion in conventional ultrasound examination was found in coronal view by ABVS.Conclusions ABVS system can obtain effective coronal images of musculoskeletal system lesions,which represents a progress.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between temperature and daily mortality in Shanghai from June 1, 2000 to December 31, 2001.

METHODSTime-series approach was used to estimate the effect of temperature on daily total and cause-specific mortality. We fitted generalized additive Poisson regression using non-parametric smooth functions to control for long-term time trend, season and other variables. We also controlled for day of the week.

RESULTSA gently sloping V-like relationship between total mortality and temperature was found, with an optimum temperature (e.g. temperature with lowest mortality risk) value of 26.7 degrees C in Shanghai. For temperatures above the optimum value, total mortality increased by 0.73% for each degree Celsius increase; while for temperature below the optimum value, total mortality decreased by 1.21% for each degree Celsius increase.

CONCLUSIONSOur findings indicate that temperature has an effect on daily mortality in Shanghai, and the time-series approach is a useful tool for studying the temperature-mortality association.

China ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Mortality ; trends ; Regression Analysis ; Temperature ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of long-term air particulate matter exposure on the life expectancy and survival rate of Shanghai residents.

METHODSEpidemiology--based exposure-response function was used for the calculation of attributable deaths to air particulate matter in Shanghai, and the effect of long-term exposure to particulate matter on life expectancy and survival rate was estimated using the life table of Shanghai residents in 1999.

RESULTSIt was shown that in 1999, the long-term air particulate matter exposure caused 1.34-1.69 years reduction of life expectancy and a decrease of survival rate for each age group of Shanghai residents.

CONCLUSIONThe effect of long-term exposure to air particulate matter on life expectancy is substantial in Shanghai.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Air Pollutants ; adverse effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Particle Size ; Survival ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVEUsing case-crossover design to estimate the acute effect of ambient air pollution on daily mortality in Shanghai, and to explore the applicability of if in studying the acute health effects of air pollution.

METHODSCase-crossover technique was used to evaluate the relationship between air pollution and daily mortality from June 2000 to December 2001 in Shanghai. The results of the bi-directional control sampling approach were compared with unidirectional approach.

RESULTSThe validity of relative risks in case-crossover studies varied greatly depending on the strategy used in control sampling. When a bi-directional six control sampling approach was used an increase of relative risk of non-accident mortality on each 10 micro g/m(3) over a 48-hr moving average of PM(10), SO(2) and NO(2) corresponds to 1.003 (95% CI: 1.001 - 1.005), 1.016 (95% CI: 1.011 - 1.021), and 1.020 (95% CI: 1.012 - 1.027) respectively was seen.

CONCLUSIONThe results reinforced the deleterious role of current air pollution level on human health in Shanghai, and provided information on the applicability of case-crossover design in studying the acute health effects of air pollution.

Air Pollution ; adverse effects ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; Cross-Over Studies ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mortality ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; etiology