BACKGROUND: As a specially differentiated central nerve, optic nerve is once injured, retinal neurons are hard to restore and regenerate. As a result, visual function is lost permanently. Currently, an effective clinical treatment is not available. Due to the multi-directional differentiated potential of stem cells, their role in optic nerve protection and restoration following injury is becoming a hot research spot.OBJECTIVE: To review the classification and transplantation of stem cells in optic nerve protection study, as well as roles of stem cells transplantation in optic nerve protection and repair following injury.METHODS: The database of ISI Web of Knowledge platform was searched on computer from February 1994 to April 2009, with the key words "stem cells, optic nerve" in English. In the same way, the database of CNKI from February 1994 to April 2009 was also screened, with the key words "stem cells, optic nerve" in Chinese.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 98 literatures related to stem cells in optic nerve protection and restoration after injury are collected, in which 23 papers are Chinese and 75 papers are English. The studies published earlier, repetitively and similarly are removed, and 38 papers which comply with the standards are involved into this review. Stem cells own the potential of self-renew physiologically, as well as potential of repairing the injuries. At present, most of the researches on stem cells in optic nerve protection and restoration after injury are represented in morphosis. How to implant stem cells safely and effectively and how to recover stable visual function still need our efforts. Stem cells derived from skin, peripheral blood, fat and other tissues are convenient to draw materials and are commendable subjects, we should study them deeply to make preferable use.

Objective To investigate the aesthetic relations and internal regularities in normal craniofacial stereoscopic architecture. Methods By means of computer aided three dimensional measurement and analysis, a study on morphological features and inter relations of the cranio orbitozygomatic maxilla structures of twenty youths with pretty facial appearance was carried out. Results There were remarkable differences between each craniofacial structure in different sexes, but the ratio indices that represented the inter-relations of different craniofacial structures were closely similar in both sexes. In the group of youths the asymmetry ratios between bilateral craniofacial structures were below 5 % , presenting the perfect symmetry feature. The asymmetry ratios and their standard deviations of the zygomas and angulus mandibulae were relatively large . The results suggested that these two characteristic parts which influence the whole appearance were easily changeable with different individuals. There were close co relations between coronal axis width and sagittal axis protrusion in main structures of craniofacial region. These relationships could sum up in linear regression equations. Conclusion There are internal aesthetic regularities of coordinative ratios and harmonious symmetry in normal three dimensional craniofacial architecture, which determines the pretty appearance of youths. These internal regularities and aesthetic principles should be considered in designing and performing craniofacial aesthetic plastic operation so as to get excellent surgical results.

Objective To analyze the composing experience of Menghe physician Ma Peizhi for cough by TCM inheritance support system. Methods The prescriptions for cough of Ma Peizhi were collected, frequency and association of drugs were analyzed by using data mining methods such as revised mutual information, complex system entropy cluster and unsupervised hierarchical cluster. Results Based on the analysis of 57 prescriptions, the frequency of each herb and association rules among the herbs were computed, 18 core combinations and 9 new prescriptions were mined from the database. Conclusion Menghe physicians Ma Peizhi is well experienced in expelling wind and opening the inhibited lung, dissolving phlegm and relieving cough. TCM inheritance support system can be used to analyze clinical experience of old TCM doctor.

ObjectiveTo analyze the complaints of outpatient of Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciencse, discuss the countermeasures to alleviate the contradiction and promote the normalization of the relationship between doctors and patients.Methods Based on analysis of outpatient complaints from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2012 in our hospital, statistics and classification data were obtained from the aspects of service attitude, medical errors, process and communication.ResultsOutpatient amount of our hospital form Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2012 was 10.55 million. There were 1426 outpatient complaints (service attitudes 24.2%, medical errors 11.5%, process 40.3%, and communication 24%), etc. Complaints rate was 0.135‰ and satisfaction degree of dealing with complaints was 99.3%.Conclusion Through active service, the complaints of outpatients has been reduced, and diagnostic and treatment quality and satisfactory degree have been increased of our hospital.

Objective To analyze the principle of the drug use ofMenghe PhysiciansMa-Peizhi by using the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)inheritance support system.Methods The prescriptions for the commonly encountered diseases that used byMa-Peizhi were collected to build a database, and analyze by the unsupervised data mining methods, such as apriori algorithm, entropy clustering complex systems, from which we could get the frequency of the drugs, the association rules between drugs, the core drug combinations, and so on.Results Based on the analysis of 745 prescriptions, the most frequently used drugs were tuckahoe, chiretta, paenoiae alba, dried orangepeel and dioscoreae. The core drug combinations were “radix rehmanniae recen- salivia chinensis-ophiopogon root”, “teasel root-viscum album-achyranthes”, “menispermaceae-heracleum hemsleyanum michaux-gentiana macrophylla”, and “mulberry leaf-periostracum cicadae-the root of balloon flower”. The new prescriptions were “mulberry leaf-viter rotundifolia-batryticated silkworm-periostracum cicadae-the root of balloon flower”, “teasel root-viscum album- achyranthes- ramulus mori- periplocae”, and so on.ConclusionMenghe PhysiciansMa-Peizhi was well experienced in treating the commonly encountered diseases by agile diagnosis and treatment, and addition or subtraction of changes based on the classical prescriptions.

N-carbamoylase is a part of hydantoinase operon which can transform N-carbamoylamino acid to corresponding ammo acids. The L-N-carbamoylase of Arthrobacter BT801, codied by the HyuC gene, is the rate-limiting and the only stereoselective enzyme. HyuC DNA fragment was amplified by PCR from the plasmid of pUC18-169. The target fragment was introduced into pPIC3. 5K plasmid to construct the pPIC3. 5K-hyuC expressing vector which was then transduced into Pichia pastoris GS115 cells after being linearized by BglⅡ digestion. Multi-copies insertion transformants were screened on G418 plates. The recombinant protein was proved to have biological activity of hydrolyzing N-carbamoylphenylalanine into phenylalanine through enzyme activity determination.

7% (OR=4.640,95%CI=1.064 to 20.239,P=0.041) were the high risk factors for myocardial ischemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.Conclusion Poor control of the 4 factors is the high risk factor for myocardial ischemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.Overall and effective control of such risk factors can decrease the incidence of myocardial ischemia and improve its treatment.

BACKGROUND: The blood oxygen saturation is an important physiological parameter of human hfe; it can be affected by multiple factors due to the imbalance of oxygen supply and consumption, and consequently, the normal physical metabolism is affected. The existing manufacturing techniques are complex and are used with higher demands. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of the novel reflecting oximeter designed on the basis of reflecting principle in monitoring the variance of blood oxygen saturation with the change of its concentration. DESIGN: To introduce the structure, working principle and design of the reflecting oximeter and make comparative study with adult rabbits as the subjects. SETTING: Cardiopolmonary Bypass Department of Cardiovascular disease hospital of the Chinese Academy of MedicalSciences. MATERIALS: The study was performed at the Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiopulmonary Bypass of the Cardiovascular Disease Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from August to October in 2001.Ten adult rabbits were selected. METHODS: The oximeter consists of a converter, a driver, a central processing mould and liquid-crystal monitor. It is characterized by the onethree optical cable connected with reflecting probe, postcentral management system and digital displayer. This oxmeter was developed basing on the basis of fixed relationship between blood oxygen saturation and radiant absorbency (or reflecting). In this study,cardiovascular-pulmonary bypass was established on rabbits that were then exposed to oxygen and NO mixture supply of different concentrations,and then the corresponding blood oxygen saturations were determined with the new oximeter and compared with series-wound Baite saturation meter and blood-gas analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The blood oxygen saturation at different concentrations determined with the reflecting oximeter and Baite saturation meter. RESULTS: At the same oxygen concentration, the blood oxygen saturation determined with the new measure was not significantly different from that determined with Baite blood oxygen saturation meter(P＞0.05 ). CONCLUSION: The variance of blood oxygen saturation with the change of oxygen concentration can be detected by the reflecting oximeter with the result similar to that by Baite blood oxygen saturation meter.

Objective To analyze antimalarial assosiated retinopathy detected by different methods with of modern ocular fundus examination, and explore screening strategy and the diagnosis of hydroxych-loroquine assosiatedretinopathy according to clinical experience and international guidelines. Methods Full fundus examination was performed in two patients with antimalarial retinopathy. The related literature were reviewed. Results Two patients had bull's eyes maculopathy and abnormal visual fields. Conclusion Clin-icians' alertness to hydroxychloroquine related retinopathy may improve early diagnosis of hydroxychloroquine toxicity. New objective tests are more sensitive than visual fields examination. Visible bull's-eye maculopathy is a late change, and the goal of screening is to recognize toxicity at early stage.

Objective To estimate the iron level in the patients with thrombocytosis for differential diagnosis.Methods A retrospective analysis on 98 thrombocytosis patients was performed by studying hemogram,iron staining in bone marrow and serum iron and ferritin level.Results In the patients whose platelet count were between 400?10(9)/L and 800?10(9)/L 40.8% were diagnosed as iron-deficient anemia,while in the patients whose platelet count were higher than 800?10(9)/L 81.5% were diagnosed as essential thrombocytosis(ET).Of 27 ET cases 2 had lower serum ferritin values but their serum iron levels were in normal range.Conclusion The patients with platelet count between 400?10(9)L and 800?10(9)/L may be secondary thrombocytosis,while the patients with platelet count higher than 800?10(9)/L may be diagnosed as ET,but other conditions such as iron deficiency should be excluded.