Objective To observe the ultrastructure of pharyngeal armature of 7 species of sandflies in China. Methods The pharyngeal armatures of various sandflies were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Results The pharyngeal armature of sandfly consisted of pointed-teeth with various shape, number and arrangement among different species. Conclusion Such differences may provide the morphological proof for identification of species.

Objective To compare the time-course of relaxant effect of rocuronium between patients of Uygur and Han nationalities.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients (15 Uygur nationality,15 Han nationality) of both sexes,aged 20-55 yr weighing 45-73 kg were divided into 2 groups (n=15 each):group U Uygur nationality and group H Han nationality.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,propofol,fentanyl and suxamethonium chloride.Tracheal intubation was performed and the patients were mechanically ventilated.Recuronium 0.6mg/kg was then given iv.Neuromuscular function was monitored with acceleromyograph using single stimulation of the ulna nerve.The onset time (time from injection of recuronium to maximal paralysis),nonresponse time (duration of maximal twitch depression),clinical duration (time required for the twitch to return to 25% of control height after injection of initial dose),75%recovery time (time for twitch to return to 75%of control height after injection of initial dose) and recovery index (time for twitch height to return from 25% to 75% of control height) were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in the onset time between the two nationalities.The time of nonresponse period,clinical duration and 75% recovery time were significantly shorter in Uygur patients than in Han patients.Recovery index was significantly shorter in Uygur patients.Conclusion There is a significant difference in the time-course of muscle relaxant effect of recuronium between Uygur and Han nationalities.The influence of nationality on recommended dosage of recuronimn should be considered.

OBJECTIVETo research the application and clinical effect of titanium elastic nails (TEN) for the treatment of closed clavicular fracture in elder children.

METHODSFrom October 2010 to December 2012,16 elderly children with clavicular fracture of elder children were treated with internal fixation, including 9 boys and 7 girls with an average age of 14.2 yeats old ranging from 9 to 17 years. The mean time between injury and surgery was 2 to 6 days. Thirteen patients had a transverse fractures; 3 patients had a oblique fractures, excluding the long-oblique patients. Neer function score after 3 months follow-up and the shoulder activity degree after 3 weeks followed were compared respectively between the injured side and healthy side. Fracture reduction and healing were followed up by X-rays to analyze internal fixation with TEN technique.

RESULTSAll patients were healed well after surgery. There were 2 cases with soft tissue irritation. No cases of infection, TEN broken, delayed healing or skin bursting were observed. All patients were followed up for 3 to 10 months,with an average of 7.2 months. There were no significant differences (t=2.12, P>0.05) between the healthy side (98.75±2.70) and injured side(96.69±6.22)of Neer score at 3 months during followed up. The shoulder activity at 3 weeks during followed up was different between both sides (P<0.05). The intramedullary nail was removed after X-rays at 12-18 weeks during followed up showed good bone healing,and the shoulder function was recovered well.

CONCLUSIONInternal fixation with TEN for the treatment of clavicular fracture has advantages of a limited invasion, beauty, safety and reliability. This technique provides an ideal fixation option for the treatment of clavicular fracture in elder children.

Adolescent ; Bone Nails ; Child ; Clavicle ; injuries ; surgery ; Elasticity ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Titanium

Various geometric shapes and structures self-assembled of amphiphilic lipids when present in an aqueous environment, as active delivery vehicles, are becoming one of focuses of drug delivery system. Lipid-based cubic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (or Cubosomes) consisting of "honeycombed (cavernous)" structure spontaneously formed when a certain concentration of amphiphilic lipids dispersed in aqueous solution has curved bicontinuous lipid bilayer in three dimensions, separating two congruent networks of water channels. Its unique structure consists of internal double water channels and large interfacial areas, which reveal great flexibility in encapsulation efficiency of various polarities and amount of drugs, and has variegated range of drugs encapsulated. As a drug delivery vehicle, high drug payloads, stabilization of peptides or proteins and simple preparation process are also its advantages. The ability of cubic phase to incorporate and control release of drugs of varying size and polar characteristics, and biodegradability of lipids make it an interesting drug delivery system for various routes of administration, including oral, topical (or mucosal) and intravenous administrations, with extensive application in a multitude of dosage forms. Furthermore, a number of different proteins in cubic phase appear to retain their native conformation and bioactivity, and are protected against chemical and physical inactivation. In this paper, investigations of lipid-based cubic liquid crystalline nanoparticles are reviewed and summarized, with a hope to provide a reference for its in-depth study. At the end, the authors made a development prospect of this novel excellent candidate for active ingredients delivery vehicle.
Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Lipids ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Liquid Crystals ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles

The market and literature were studied to understand the existing situation of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex goods, and the collected samples were analyzed, combined with the actual production, a new standard of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex commercial specification and grade was drafted. Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex goods was divided into two categories according to the source in the old standard. Then each category was divided into four kinds of specifications according to the site. Each kind of specification was divided into several grades according to the length and weight. To judge the quality of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex goods was mainly based on the appearance quality. In the new standard, the classification of commercial specification and grade is based on the thickness, magnolol and honokiol content. The goods of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex can be divided into three specifications: Tongpu, Genpu and Doupu. Tongpu is divided into three grades, the remaining two are not graded.
Magnolia ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry

In this experiment, Hca-F or L615 elemene combo-TCV (H-TCV and L-TCV), H-TCV lysates, corynebacterium parvum (CP) were used to immunize 615 and Balb/c inbred mice, and their splenic DCs were prepared and pulsed in vitro with tumor cell lysates (H or L) and TCV lysates (TH or TL). The capacities of DCs to stimulate the proliferation of syngeneic nonadherent spleenic cells were tested with MTT assay. The results showed that the splenic DCs from normal mice in vitro pulsed with TH or TL could induced syngeneic noradherent splenic cells to proliferate (P＜0.01), while the H or L pulsed DCs could not. The splenic DCs from H-TCV or L-TCV or TH immunized mice re-pulsed in vitro with TH or TL exhibited stronger stimulating effects than the DCs from normal mice pulsed in vitro for the firth time pulsed with TH or TL (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05); The capacities of DCs to induce proliferation of syngeneic nonadherent splenic cells could be further enhanced by CP immunization, especially when were pulsed with TH (P＜0.01). Normal inbred 615 mice were transferred with DCs pulsed with lysates of elemene TCV (TDCs) or pulsed with lysates of Hca-F tumor cells (HDCs) on day 7 before challenged with lethal dose of live Hca-F cells, significant adoptive immunoprotective effects were seen, with 61.6% tumor inhibition rate and 25% survival in TDC adoptive transfer group. This study indicated that DCs might play a role in the mechanisms of active immunization and pulsing DCs with lysate of elemene combo TCV and isolating DCs from elemene combo TCV immunized mice were useful methods for DCs vaccine preparation.

According to medicine high special educational reform’s mentality,we have extracted the knowledge points closely related to basic medical curriculum and the nursing spe-cialty,integrated the basic medical curriculum as "the basis of medical morphology"and"basic medical functions"and have it implemented in the nursing specialty in the three-year program.By doing so,we have gained some experience and provide practical basis for further integration of basic medical courses.

Eleven type 1 diabetic patients who received fixed regime of insulin Glargine were included in the study.The levels of fasting serum insulin were measured for each subject at 6:00 in three consecutive mornings.The variability of mean fasting serum insulin in each subject was 3.3%-41.5% (mean 15.4%).The variability did not correlate with the dose of Glargine statistically.

Objective To assess the quality of reporting randomized controlled trials published in Chinese journal of radiology from 2000 to 2005.Methods A manual search was performed and 22 checklists of CONSORT statements and other self-established criteria were applied.Results Six volumes and 72 issues were investigated.There were total trials of 236 in 2186 literatures,and finally 3 randomized controlled trials(RCTs)(1.27%)were identified.In the 3 RCTs,there were 3 trials with methods of randomization,1 with endpoints measurement,1 with multi-centre,but without the prior calculation of sample size,blind methods,statistically probability,participant flow,compliance and negative results.Conclusion The quality of reporting randomized controlled trials of interventional radiology has been improved,but it did not meet fully the CONSORT statement.

Objective To establish a general health information construction effect evaluation model for overall as-sessment of health information construction effect .Methods Domestic and foreign health information construction effect evaluation models were systematically analyzed by bibliometric analysis , comparative analysis , inductive and deductive method,repectively.The classic health information construction effect models were integrated.Results The health information construction effect evaluation model was established from the technique-organization man-agement-operation supportangle .Conclusion Thehealth information construction effects include technique effect, organization mangement effect, and operation effect.Thegeneral health information construction effect evaluation model is established, which includes 7 primary indexes and 20 secondaey indexes.