Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of propofol on cognitive function of type 2 diabetic rats.Methods Ten of fifty adult male SD rats were fed with basic diet and allocated to control group.Another forty rats were fed with high sugar and high fat for 8 weeks and composite intraperitoneal injection of 1% streptozotocin (STZ)to establish model and then divided into four groups:diabetes group;low dose,middle dose and high dose of propofol group (diabetic rats were given intraperitoneal injection of 1% propofol 10,30,75 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 5 consecutive days).The cognitive functions were examined by Morris water maze from the first day after intraperitoneal injec-tion with propofol.The hippocampus were isolated for observing histopathologic alterations by HE staining and for the determinations of SOD,MDA,CAT,GSH and GSH-PX by colorimetry. Western blot was used to detect the expression of AGEs and RAGE.Results Compared to the control group,there was an obvious increased escape latent period,decreased the frequency of crossing platform,increased hippocampal neurons damage and MDA,decreased levels of SOD, CAT,GSH and GSH-PX,as well as the protein levels of AGEs and RAGE in diabetes group (P <0.05).There was no significant difference between diabetes group and low dose propofol of group on behavior ability and detection index.However,middle dose and high dose of propofol group showed more serious cognitive dysfunction,aggravated hippocampal neurons cells loss,increased oxidative stress as well as enhanced expression of AGEs and RAGE (P <0.05 ).Conclusion Multiple given sedative or anesthetic doses of propofol can aggravate the cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic rats,which may be related to increase the expression of AGEs and RAGE in brain tis-sue.

Ischemia-reperfusion after neonatal asphyxia is a key factor in renal injury,which often can lead to apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells.Apoptosis is an important form of injury for renal tubular epithelial cells after asphyxia.Large number of cancer genes involve in regulation of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the process of apoptosis.Bcl-2 protein which are expression products of Bcl-2 oncogene act on the mitochondrial pathway in apoptosis.Furthermore they can inhibit the caspase cascade of apoptosis via the cells "cross-talk",which contribute to attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and improve renal function.

Education, Dental ; Oral Medicine ; education ; manpower

Objective To study the validity of furosemide test for predicting the hematoma enlargement in pa- tients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Methods Four hundred fifty-one patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were diagnosed using CT after oneset of the disease and 24 h reexamined 24 h after.The incidence of enlarged hematoma was evaluated by comparison the baseline and 24 h CT scanning.Furosemide(20 mg iv)was ad- ministered and blood pressure was measured 30 min after furosemide.Results The decreasing level of MAP after furosemide was significantly inversely related with incidence rate of hematoma enlargement{ r=-0.94,t=58.4,P 10 mmHg as the cut-off point,with the rate of hematoma enlargement as being 6.4 %,MAP decreased≤10 mmHg was associated with increases in prevalence of hematome to 33.2 %(?~2=51.82, P

Objective This study is to identify the presence of superoxide anion-generating system in human lens epithelial cells using arachidonic acid (AA) as the stimulator.Design Experimental study.Participants Human lens epithelial cells B3 (HLE B3). Methods Confluent human lens epithelial cells (HLE B3) were subjected to stimulation by AA and its derivatives.The generation of su- peroxide anion was quantified with a luminometer (LumiStar BMG) immediately upon AA and its derivatives addition.Cells preloaded with superoxide dismutase (SOD) or mannitol were used as negative controls and cells mixed with 3% ethanol (solvent for AA) were used as baseline.Cells were preloaded with inhibitors 30 minutes before luminometer measurement.A time-and concentration-depen- dent study on the AA-stimulated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was carried out using western blot analysis. Main Outcome Measures Superoxide generation,phosphorylation of MAPK.Results AA at dosage of 30-150 mM proportionally in- duced luminescence in HLE B3 cells,but was ineffective in cells preloaded with SOD or mannitol.DPI,a non-specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor eliminated AA-induced superoxide anion generation partially.Leinoleic acid,stearic acid,eicosa-11Z,14Z,17Z-trienoic acid (20:3) and eicosa-11Z,14Z-dienoic acid (20:2) were ineffective.The generation of superoxide anion was not contributed by cyclooxyge- nase or the cytochrome p450 pathway since indomethacin (inhibitor for cyclooxygenase) or ketoconazole (inhibitor for cytochrome p450) could not eradicate the stimulatory effect of AA.While CDC,a specific inhibitor for lipoxygenase could eliminate superoxide generation partially.The specific inhibitor for 5-lipoxygenase AA861 completely blocked the generation of superoxide anion.Western blot analysis of the cell lysate showed that AA at the concentrations of 30-150 mM progressively activated ERK and JNK.They were transiently ac- tivated between 2.5-30 minutes.The activations of ERK and JNK were dose-dependent and time-dependent.Conclusions Inhibition of superioxide anion generation may be a new approach to block lens epithelial cell proliferation and post-capsule opacification.

Objective To evaluate the variability of calculating thyroid volume by SPECT imaging at different time postinjection. Methods A total of 40 patients with Graves disease were enrolled in this prospective study using simple random sampling method. After intravenous injection of Na99TcmO4, all patients underwent planar and tomographic scintigraphy at different time points (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45 and 60 min), and the planar or tomographic integral method were used to estimate thyroid volume. Data were analyzed by one?way analysis of variance, paired t test or linear correlation analysis. Results For thyroid volume esti?mated by planar imaging, the correlation coefficients between the different time points and 20 min were 0?717-0?819 (all P<0.05), and the CV was (18.38±5.31)%. For thyroid volume estimated by tomographic integral method, the correlation coefficients were 0.913-0.961 (all P<0.05), and the CV was (8.05± 3?19)%. Both the correlation coefficient and CV were statistically significant between the two methods ( t=-13.59, -11.29, both P<0.05) . Conclusions Tomographic integral method has better correlation and re?producibility in calculating thyroid volume compared with planar method.

Objective: The paper endeavors to explore effective efficiency evaluation system for large-scale equipment in universities by considering status quo of large-scale equipment management. Methods: Existing efficiency evaluation systems of large-scale equipment are carefully examined in terms of current application, management and evaluation results. Based on comprehensive evaluation index system, specific evaluation standards are established, according to which evaluations are conducted. Results: Established based on large-scale equipment’ application, specific efficiency evaluation indexes and weights therefore could comprehensively and objectively reflect service efficiency of large-scale equipment. Conclusion:Comprehensive and objective efficiency evaluation can better reflect service efficiency of large-scale equipment and thus provide reliable reference for purchasers.

BACKGROUND: Exercise preconditioning can lighten exercise-induced muscle damage, thereby to avoid delayed onset muscle soreness. At present, experimental research is scarce that apply intedeukin-6 (IL-6), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MM) to evaluate skeletal muscle damage.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of exercise precondiUoning on muscle damage at different phases after eccentric exercise and changes of blood IL-6, CK and CK-MM.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized control animal expedmant was carded out in the Animal Laboratory of Chengdu Sports University between 2006 and 2007. MATERIALS: Eighty female adult SD rats, weighing (231.3+12.44) g, were adopted. Eighty rats were randomly divided into without exercise preconditioning group (n=40) and exercise preconditioning group (n=40). Each group was assigned into 5 subsets, termed before exercise, immediately after exercise, 24, 48, 72 hours after exercise, with 8 rats in each subset. METHODS: Except before exercise subset, other rats in the without exercise preconditioning group were forced to do treadmill exercise (19-21 m/min, -16° incline, 90 minutes). All rats of exercise preconditioning group were forced to do eccentric treadmill exercise for two weeks. After two weeks, treadmill test was made for rats except before exercise subset. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Soleus muscle structure, blood IL-6, CK and CK-MM immediately, 24, 48, 72 hours after eccentric exercise.RESULTS: The soleus muscle was damaged after exercise, especially in without exercise preconditioning group at 24-48 hours after exercise. Blood IL-6 of without exercise preconditioning group increased significantly immediately after exercise and then gradually decreased, but again raised at 72 hours after exercise. In the exercise preconditioning group, blood IL-6 slightly reduced immediately after exercise and then gradually increased. Peak value appeared at 48 hours. After exercise, IL-6 of exercise preconditioning group was obviously lower than that of without exercise preconditioning group. Before exercise, serum CK and CK-MM of exercise preconditioning group were less than that of without exercise preconditioning group. After exercise, the CK and CK-MM were firstly raised and then reduced in two groups. Except 72 hours after exercise subset, the variation of CK and CK-MM of exercise preconditioning group was lower than that of without of exercise preconditioning group. CONCLUSION: Exercise preconditioning is redounded to lighten the ultrastructure injury of skeletal muscle induced by eccentric exercise and blood indices changes induced by exercise stress. The individual variation of CK and CK-MM is so tremendous that they fit the comparison of intrasubject variability.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in the elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical trachelectomy.MethodsSixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients (aged 65-80 yr and weighing 55-74 kg) undergoing elective laparoscopic radical trachelectomy were randomly divided into two groups:30 patients received intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine 0.2 μg · kg - 1 ·h- 1 ( group D EX) and 30 received same volume of normal saline (control group,group NS) after induction of anesthesia.Cognitive function was assessed at 1 day before operation and on the 7th day after operation using a battery of nine cognitive dysfunction tests.ResultsCompared with group NS,on the 7th postoperative day,the incidence of POCD was decreased in group DEX ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionDexmedetomidine can improve POCD in the elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radicaltrachelectomy.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in the treatment of acute cholecystitis. Methods A total of 93 cases of acute cholecystitis treated by LC from May 2003 to May 2005 was retrospectively reviewed, including 15 cases of preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combined with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) for common bile duct stones and 6 cases of intraoperative cholangiography. The LC was performed within 48 hours after admission. Results The LC was successfully completed in 91 cases (97.8%), whereas a conversion to open surgery was required in 2 cases (2.2%). The operation time was 35~160 min (mean, 65 min). Postoperatively, biliary leakage occurred in 3 cases (3.2%) and residual stones in the common bile duct were found in 3 cases (3.2%), which were all cured by open surgery combined with ERCP, EST, and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD). No iatrogenic injuries happened. Conclusions With proper selection of ERCP and EST, LC for the treatment of acute cholecystitis is feasible and safe. But the incidence of conversions and complications may be high.