Population pharmacokinetics(PPK),which is based on the principle of statistics,can be used to estimate various inter- and intra-individual factors which affect pharmacokinetics.By using Bayesian estimator,PPK can predict individual pharmacokinetic parameters accurately.PPK is widely used in the immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine,tacrolimus,mycophenolic acid and sirolimus.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value and prognostic significance of plasma soluble triggering receptor-1 on myeloid cells ( sTREM-1 ) in patients with sepsis in the early stage.MethodsA total of 56 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were enrolled for prospective and control study from May 2009 through July 2010. According to the criteria of sepsis set by SCCN/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS in 2001, patients were divided into sepsis group ( n = 32), SIRS group (n = 24) . Meanwhile, 25 non-SIRS patients were enrolled in the control group. The sepsis group was further divided into two subgroups, namely survival subgroup and non-survival subgroup according to 28-day outcomes. The sTREM-1, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count and neutrophil percentage count (NPC) were measured and APACHE Ⅱ scores were determined within 24 hours after admission. The correlation between sTREM-1 and APACHE Ⅱ score was analyzed. Quantitative data were analyzed by using F-test or Kruskal-Wallis test. ResultsThe plasma level of sTREM-1 in patients of sepsis group was significantly higher than that in SIRS group and control group [215. 1 (157.9 ～397.3) ng/L vs 103.6 (89.4 ～ 176.2) ng/L vs 33.6 (26.2 ～ 43.0) ng/L, P＜0. 05]. The plasma level of sTREM-1 in non-survival group was significantly higher than that in survival group[360.5 (262.2～434.5) ng/L vs 204. 1 (175.0～269.6) ng/L, P=0.002]. In sepsis group, the plasma level of sTREM-1 was positively correlated with APACHE Ⅱ score ( r, = 0. 426, P = 0. 032 ) The area under the ROC curve of sTREM-1 was 0. 935, larger than that of PCT and CRP. Conclusions Plasma sTREM-1 is a useful marker in diagnosis of sepsis at early stage. The increase in the level of sTREM-1 during the first 24 hours might be correlated with poor outcome of patients with sepsis.

Recent research has revealed that scorpion venom contains short-chain peptides with the specificity on K+or C1-channels, in addition to the knowledge of many kinds of long-chain peptides with the specificity on Na+ channels. According to the similarity of molecular structure and/or function, they have been classified into several groups. These short-chain scorpion peptides are playing more and more important role in studying the structure and function of K+ or C1- channels. The advance of structure and function of short-chain scorpion peptides in recent years was briefly introduced.

Objective　To analyse the sensitivity of fineneedle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of breast masses.Methods　A series of 1035 FNAC of breast masses was reviewed.502 cases acccepted operation for histopathologic diagnosis.Results　The sensitivity of FNAC for breast malignant tumor was 98.9% and the specificity was 85.7%.Conclusions　The FNAC of breast masses has high accuracy.

DNT cells(CD4-CD8-double-negative T cells)ale newly discovered immune cells,whose surface ex press neither CD4 nor CD8 molecules.In recent years,the prognosis and survival quality of tumour patient have been greatly improved through cell immunotherapy.Immunocyte can kill the tumour directly Or through immunoregu lation.The study of DNT cells(double-nnegative T cell)on cancer cells will be of vital significance.

Objective To observe clinical efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhu-EPO)in sepsis with anemia.Method From June 2005 to December 2006,sixty sepsis with anemia patients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were divided into control group(n=30)and theatment with rhu-EPO group(n=30).The exclusion criteria was:renal imufficiency patients needing blood purification,patients with hemorrhage of digestive tract,and patients who used rhu-EPO before.Patients in the rhu-EPO group were hypodermically injected with rhu-EPO at 48 hours after admission,6000 units par time,and continued every other day for two weeks.When the hemoglobin Was lower than 80 g/L,patients received red blood cell(RBC)transfusion or received other treatment decided by doctor.The data were expressed as(x±s),and were analyzed using Student's t test and Fisher's exact test with SPSS 11.5.A P valLie less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance.Results There Was no significant difference on hemoglobin between the two groups before treatment (P＞0.05).After treatment,the hemoglobin of patients in rhu-EPO group was higher than that in control group [(105.87±11.48)g/L vs.(91.23 ±19.89)g/L,P＜0.01].The units of RBC transfusions was less in patients of rhu-EPO group compared with control group[(2.0 ±0.47)U vs.(2.63±0.43)U,P＜0.01].There was no significant difference on mortality between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions In sepsis with anemia patients,administration of rhu-EPO every other day can increase red blood cell level and reduce RBC transfusion.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for qualitative identification of Shenjin huoxue mixture.METHODS:Ly-copodii japonicum,Paeonia lactiflora,Dipsacus asperoides and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae in the preparation were identified by TLC.RESULTS:At the corresponding positions,the color of TLC spots of Paeonia lactiflora,Dipsacus asperoides and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae in the test samples and in reference substances were identical.There was no interference form negative control.But no characteristic spots of Lycopodii japonicum in the sample were noted.CONCLUSION:The established TLC identification method of Paeonia lactiflora,Dipsacus asperoides and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae is reproducible,specific,reliable and suitable for the quality control of Shenjin huoxue mixture.The absence of characteristic TLC spots of Lycopodii japonicum in the sample is suggestive of the necessity of improving the production technology of Shenjin huoxue mixture.

AIM: To observe the effect of sibutramine in the treatment of obesity with different body weight. METHODS: Forty overweight subjects were divided into three groups according to their BMI: Group 1 (n=10), the early stage of obesity; Group 2 (n=11), obesity in degree Ⅰ; and Group 3 (n=19), obesity in degree Ⅱ. The patients conformed to the same standards of diet, sports and life style, and then took sibutramine 10 mg a day for 12 weeks. RESULTS: After taking the medicine for two weeks, the efficacy rate was 45.5 % (5) in Group 2 and 94.7 % (18) in Group 3 (P

Aim To establish a simple reverse dot blot m ethod (RDB) for detecting the genotype of NAT2 in Chinese people. Methods PCR was performed to obtain a biotin labeled DNA fragment. Allele specific oligonucleotide probes were spotted onto a nylon membrane. The DNA fragment hybridized with the membrane under stringent conditions. Finally, a nonradioactive colorimetric reaction was used to detect five mutants of NAT2. NAT2 genotypes of 48 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were detected with RDB.Results The results obtained from RDB were in consistent with those from allele specific amplification. The NAT2 allele frequencies of *5, *6, *7 were 1.04%, 22.9% and 15.6%, respectively.Homozygous wildtype,heterozygous mutant and homozygous mutant subjects were 33.3%, 54.2% and 12.5%, respectively.Conclusion RDB method was proved to be accurate and convenient, it can be u sed in rational drug therapy.

Prostate cancer is a common malignancy of the male reproductive system.This paper reviews the epidemiology of prostate cancer in China and around the world, and discusses the risk factors of prostate cancer.