Decitabine is a methylation inhibitor,which is different from traditional chemotherapy drugs,with new and unique mechanism of action,and represent a new therapeutic concept.Methylation present in almost all cells,by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase,causing hypomethylation of DNA and cell differentiation or apoptosis to anti-tumor effect.In this paper,methylation inhibitor decitabine treatment of hematological malignancies in the application are reviewed.

Objective To investigate the long-term effects of early exposure to general anesthesia and surgery on children's intelligence and sensory integration function.Methods One hundred children who received general anesthesia and non-neurosurgery and non-cardiac-chest surgery operation (anesthesia group),were divided into one time anesthesia and multiple anesthesia.Fifty healthy children who did not receive general anesthesia and operation were as control group.There was no significant difference between 2 groups in sex,age,educational background etc.The Wechsler intelligence scale for children-fourth edition (Chinese version) and the child sensory integration check list were used to evaluate the intelligence and sensory integration function of the 2 groups.Results In development of intelligence,there was no significant difference between 2 groups in full intelligence quotient,verbal comprehension index,perceptual reasoning index,working memory index,processing speed index,general ability index and cognitive productive index.In intelligence structure,the incidence of clinically meaningful difference between verbal comprehension index-working memory index was significantly higher in anesthesia group one time and multiple anesthesia than that in control group [12.0％(6/50) and 26.0％(13/50) vs.6.0％(3/50),P ＜0.05].There was no significant difference in the incidence of sensory integration dysfunction between 2 groups.However,in anesthesia group,the incidence of vestibule balance dysfunction in multiple anesthesia was significantly higher than that in one time anesthesia [44.0％ (22/50) vs.22.0％ (11/50),P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions In general,general anesthesia and surgery during the first three years of life has no significant long-term effects on children's intelligence and sensory integration function.However,the incidence of clinically meaningful difference between verbal comprehension index-working memory index increases in the anesthesia children.Children who received multiple anesthesia and surgery during the first three years of life have a higher incidence of vestibule balance dysfunction.

Objective To analyze the use of serum pepsinogen(PG) and Helicobacter pylori(Hp)-IgG antibody in the screening of atrophic gastritis.Methods A total of 222 patients were divided into two groups according to the gastroscopy results:159 cases in observation group(atrophic gastritis) and 63 cases in control group(non-atrophic gastritis).Patients in observation group were divided into gastric antrum group(50cases),gastric body group (71 cases) and full stomach multifocal group (3 8 cases) according to shrinking parts.The serum PG Ⅰ and PG Ⅱ was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method,and PGR (PG Ⅰ / PG Ⅱ) was calculated.The serum Hp-IgG antibody was examined by qualitative analysis.Results The serum PG Ⅰ and PGR was (57.82 ± 23.15) μ g/L,4.41 ± 1.82 in observation group,which was lower than that in control group[(125.04 ± 29.36) μ g/L,10.10 ± 2.01],and there was significant difference (P ＜0.01).The positive rate of the serum Hp-IgG antibody was 86.16％(137/159) in observation group,which was higher than that in control group [53.97％ (34/63)],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).There was significant difference in the serum PG Ⅰ and PGR between gastric antrum group and gastric body group,full stomach multifocal group (P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in the serum PG Ⅰ and PGR among different atrophy degree in gastric antrum group(P＞ 0.05),but there was significant difference in the serum PG Ⅰ and PGR among different atrophy degree in gastric body group and full stomach multifocal group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The serum PG Ⅰ and PGR and Hp-IgG antibody is related to atrophic gastritis.They are helpful to the screening of atrophic gastritis.

Objective To explore the expression of PIN1 and Cyclin E in gastric carcinoma tissue after radical gastrectomy and its significance.Methods 46 patients received radical gastrectomy were selected as study subjects.Cancer tissues were harvested as the gastric cancer group,and the adjacent normal tissues of tumor tissue were harvested as the control group.The expression of PIN1 and Cyclin E was observed by immunohistochemistry,and the relationship with tumor infiltration,differentiation,lymphatic and distant metastasis were analyzed.A five year followup study was also applied.Results The expression of PIN1 (3 949.66 ± 157.40) and Cyclin E (5 443.07 ±240.15) was significantly higher than those of the control group[(247.67 ± 75.63),(354.92 ± 93.88)] (all P ＜0.05),and the expression of PIN1 was related with tumor differentiation,lymphatic and distant metastasis,and the expression of Cyclin E was closely related with tumor infiltration and differentiation.The 5-year survival rate of patients with the simultaneously increased expression of PIN1 and Cyclin E was 50.0％,which was significantly lower than the expression of the two separate elevated or not elevated.Conclusion The expression of PIN1 and Cyclin E in cancer tissues after radical gastrectomy is high,and could better reflect the pathological parameters and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors of curative operation for spontaneous rupture with hemorrhage of primary hepatic carcinoma (SRHC).Methods The clinical data and followed up results of 41 patients with SRHC treated by curative operation,were retrospectively analyzed.The prognostic factors affecting survival were studied by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results The survival rate of 1-year,3-year,5-year was respectively 46.34％,21.95％,9.76％.Univariate analysis showed that Child-Pugh class,degree of accompanying cirrhosis,tumor size,operation time,blood loss,tumor staging,serum albumin were significant prognosis factors.The use of Coxs multivariate proportional hazard model indicated that significant prognosis factors by curative operation for SRHC were degree of accompanying cirrhosis,Child-Pugh class,blood loss,tumor staging for cumulative survival rate.Conclusion The factors affecting prognosis were degree of accompanying cirrhosis,Child-Pugh class,blood loss,tumor staging.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the real-time four-dimensional ultrasound imaging examination in the diagnosis of fetal malformations.Methods Four-dimensional ultrasound prenatal audio and video materials,1 008 cases of 12～20 weeks pregnant were retrospectively analyzed,and the dignostic value for the fetal malformation Was obser red by following-up.Results Four-dimensional ultrasound detection of fetal malformations in 26 cases,27 cases of confirmed postpartum fetal malformations,the rate was 96.3%,1 case of missed diagnosis.missed diagnosis rate was 3.7%misdiagnosis rate was 0.Conclusion The dynamic continuous four-dimensional ultrasound could show the activities of the fetus in uterus,diagnosis of most of the morphological structure of fetal malformations,reduced birth defects in children.

Hypoglycemia is a common metabolic disorder of neonates.Severe and prolonged neonatal symptomatichypoglycemia can cause cerebral lesions.Operational threshold is asscioated with delayed neurological development in infants at risk.Treatment should be based on diffenrent approaches guided by asymptomatic hypoglycemia and symptomatic hypoglycemia.Magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging and brain stem auditory evoked potentials in diagnosis hypocemic brain damage is more sensitive and specific,especially in the early period.With the current neonatal hypoglycemia the gradual deepening of understanding,and further put forward a neonatal hypoglycemia diagnosis and treatment strategy.The threshold of 2.6 mmol/L is recommended currently in guidelines.Key to preventing complications from glucose deficiency is to identify infants at risk,promote early and frequent feedings,normalize glucose homeostasis,measure glucose concentrations early and frequently in infants at risk,and treat promptly when glucose deficiency is marked and symptomatic.

ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of standard large craniectomy with routin craniectomy in 65 patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods65 patients were randomly divided into standard large craniectomy group(41 cases) and routine craniectomy group (24 cases), and the effect was compared between the two groups. ResultsThe outcome showed 17 cases of good recovery,6 cases of moderate disability,5 cases of severe disability,2 cases of persistent vegetative status,l1 cases of death in the standard group and 5 eases of good recovery,3cases of moderate disability,4 cases of severe disability, 1 of persistent vegetative status, 12 cases of death in route group. ConclusionThe standard flesh wound big bone petal reduced pressure technique could enable the brain organization to obtain the full reduced pressure, effectively protect the brain function, after the distinct improvement heavy eranioeerebral damages, reduce the case fatality rate. But, this method also had certain shortcoming, must therefore grasp the surgery to refer to drafts.

Objective To evaluate the change in the expression of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in spinal dorsal horn neurons in rats with chronic post-thoracotomy pain (CPTP). Methods Twenty male SD rats, weighing 250-350 g, were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 10 each): sham operation group and CPTP group. The animals were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated. At 1 d before operation, and at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 d after operation, paw withdrawal threshold to yon Frey filament stimulation was measured and the acetone test was performed. The responses of the hindpaw to the acetone test within 1 min were recorded. The rats were sacrificed at 30 d after operation, and the cervical and upper thoracic segments of the spinal cord were removed to detect the expression of KATP channels in spinal dorsal horn neurons by immuno-histochemistry. Results Compared with sham operation group, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 5-30 d after operation, the response frequency was significantly increased at 20-30 d after operstion, and the expression of KATP channels in spinal dorsal horn neurons in the thoracic segments was down-regulsted at 30 d after operation in CPTP group ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The expression of KATP channels in spinal dorsal horn neurons is down-regulated in rots with CPTP,which may be involved in the pathophsiology mechanism of CPTP.

Molecular targeted agents for small cell lung cancer have been introduced in great many clinical trials in recent years. The classes of targeted agents include antiangiogenic agents,growth factor receptor inhibitors,Bcl-2 inhibitors,SCR kinase inb.ibitors, recombinant molecules N-901 and inhibitors of the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. The class of antiangiogenic agents,including bevacizumab and thalidomide,is be-ing evaluated in phase Ⅱ and Ⅲ trials. The tyrosine and Scr kinase inhibitors are being evaluated in phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ trials. The recombinant molecule, N-901 is undergoing phase Ⅱ testing in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer. The other pathways undergoing evaluation for the development of pharmacologic agents include inhibiturs of bcl-2 and sonic hedgehog signaling,which are being tested in the earliest phases of clinical evalua-tion. Primary data shows small cell lung cancer is not sensitive to targeted therapy and further studies are re-quested.