Objective To clarify the clinical distribution and antimicrobial resistance characteris-tic of bacterial biofilm during catheter-associated urinary tract infection,and to simulate biofilm "real state" in vivo. Methods Totally 120 patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) were enrolled in the study. The urine specimens were collected for screening biofilm strains and the corresponding planktonic strains. The biofilm was detected with semi-quantitative detecting method. Antibiotics susceptibility test were performed on the biofilm bacteria to clarify the difference of drug resistance in common MH medium the between biofilm strains and the corresponding planktonic strains,as well as the difference of drug resistance of positive strains of the biofilm between Poloxamer medium and common MH medium. Results Totally 48 strains (48/120,40%) of biofilm bacteria were detected. The antibiotic susceptibility test of planktonic and biofilm bacteria in Mueller-Hinton agar showed no significant difference (P>0.05), while the antibiotic resistance of biofilm bacteria in Muel-ler-Hinton agar and Poloxamer hydrogel was statistically different (P<0.05),and the former was stronger. Conclusion The biofilm bacteria during the urinary tract infection were mainly Staphylococci and Enterococci. The antimicrobial resistance of planktonic and biofilm bacteria have no significant difference in vitro, h is speculated that Poloxamer media may simulate the real living environment of biofilm bacteria and display their "true" drug resistance.

Objective To investigate the association of esp, gelE, ebpA and QS-fsr system and biofilm formation in Enterococcus faecalis. Methods Totally 24 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were collected from urine and catheter of clinical urine tract infection patients in Third Xiangya Hospital from Oct. 2007 to Jun. 2008, and were divided into biofilm group and non-biofilm group. The luminance ratios of esp, gelE, ebpA and fsrrB of Enterococcus faecalis in biofilm group and non-biofilm group were detected by RT-PCR. And the expression of esp, gelE, ebpA, fsrrB genes in different groups were detected by real-time PCR and were relatively quantitated through 2-△△Ct method. Moreover, the relevancies between that fourgenes and biofilm formation in Enterococcus faecalis were analyzed respectively. Results The expression of esp and ebpA in biofilm group were 298 times and 59 times more than the non-biofilm group. The expression level ofgelE and fsrB in biofilm group were 1/244 and 1/249 times less than the non-biofilm group, and the luminance ratios of esp, gelE, ebpA and fsrB were not significant between the two groups (rank sum was 92,79, 42 and 34 respectively,all P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The results showed that the biofilm formation in Enterococcus faecalis was promoted by esp and ebpA, and was inhabited by gelE and fsrB, which suggested that the expression of esp, ebpA and gelE genes was regulated by fsr system.

Objective Based on the analysis of time domain of heart sound with envelop to extract the envelope character of heart sounds.Methods The envelope extraction of heart sounds based on Hilbert-Huang Transform was given.Firstly,the original heart sounds signal was preprocessed by Huang Transform.Secondly,the envelope of heart sounds was got with Hilbert Transform.Results The first heart sound and the second heart sound were extracted,and all kinds of characters in time domain of heart sound were acquired more accurately.Conclusion The envelope of heart sound is extracted correctly.The foundation for further analysis of heart sounds is established.

Objective To investigate the specific immune therapeutic effect of the T cell fusion peptide vaccine from group II allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(Der p2). Methods Thirty mice were randomly divided into three groups, namely a negative control group(a PBS group),positive control group(an asthma group)and protein Der p2 T cell fusion epit?ope for specific immunotherapy(SIT)group(a Der p2 T group). The extract of house dust mites(HDM)was used to establish the asthmatic models in BALB/c mice,and the PBS group was always used with PBS buffer. Thirty minutes before spray inhala?tion from 25 to 27 days,the mice of the Der p2 T group were respectively injected subcutaneously with the therapeutic proteins for SIT,then the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were collected. ELISA was used to assay the levels of IFN?γ, IL?4,and IL?13 in BALF,as well as serum levels of specific IgE and IgG2a. The lung tissue sections were stained with haematox?ylin and eosin(H&E)for pathological examinations. Results The ELISA detection revealed that the number of eosinophil in BALF of the asthmatic mice was(5.57 ± 0.64)× 105/ml,which was significantly higher than that in the PBS group[(0.50 ± 0.30)× 105/ml,P < 0.01],the number of eosinophil in the Der p2 T immunotherapy group decreased significantly[(3.45 ± 0.36)×105/ml,P<0.01]. The content of IFN?γin the PBS group,asthma group and Der p2 T group were(267.00 ± 21.98), (155.80 ± 20.53)pg/ml and(234.40 ± 24.46)pg/ml respectively. Compared with the asthma group,the mice with Der p2 T vac?cine specific immune treatment produced a high level of IFN?γ(P<0.01). The content of IL?4 in the PBS group,asthma group and Der p2 T group were(23.40 ± 5.96),(53.28 ± 8.26)pg/ml and(30.00 ± 5.50)pg/ml respectively. Compared with the asth?ma group,the content of IL?4 in the mice of the Der p2 T treatment group was significantly lower(P<0.01). Compared with the asthma group[(308.10 ± 28.32)pg/ml],the content of IL?13 in BALF of the mice in the Der p2 T treatment group was signifi?cantly decreased,which was[(174.50 ± 25.99)pg/ml,P<0.01]. The content of IL?13 in the PBS group was(95.99 ± 31.14) pg/ml. The lung tissue sections showed that the lung inflammation in the p2 T Der group was significantly less than that in the asthma group,and the inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly decreased,and airway epithelial construction remodeled. Conclusion The Der p2 T cell fusion epitope,which is as vaccines for specific immunotherapy with asthma models,can allevi?ate effectively allergic inflammation of airway and lung in the mice,and it may be used as a candidate vaccine for asthma.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the severity index of Meniere's disease during acute phase by a statistical method of principal component analysis (PCA). METHOD: Ninety-five patients with Meniere's disease in the acute phase who saw the doctor with 24 hours after onset were included in this study and their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. The subjective symptoms of hearing loss (X1) and ear stuffy plug (X4) were evaluated by VAS scoring system, and the impact of vertigo (X2) and tinnitus (X3) on the patients were evaluated by DHI and THI score. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to analyze the quantified data and construct a synthetic evaluate function of subjective symptoms. RESULT: (1) The quantitative results of subjective symptoms in patients with Meniere's disease were as follow: VAS score (X1) of hearing loss was 0-91 points, with an average of 46.23 ± 18.80, DHI score (X2) of vertigo was 8-98 points, with an average of 49.66 ± 15.67, THI score (X3) of tinnitus was 10-100 points, with an average of 47.53 ± 17.44, and ear VAS score (X4) of stuffy plug feeling was 0-82 points, with an average of 21.55 ± 27.54. (2) The eigenvalue of principal components Z1, Z2 and Z3 were 1.876, 0.984 and 0.703 respectively, and the variance contribution were 46.898%, 24.592% and 17.574% respectively. (3) The constructed synthetic evaluate function of the disease was as follow: The Meniere's disease severity index ƒ = 0.213ZX1 + 0.398ZX2 + 0.370ZX3 + 0.455ZX4. CONCLUSION The method of PCA for the subjective evaluation of symptoms in Meniere's disease can be constructed as a model of comprehensive evaluation system, which may provide relatively comprehensive information of clinical original variables included in the four main symptoms, reflecting the severity of the disease.
Hearing Loss ; complications ; Humans ; Meniere Disease ; complications ; diagnosis ; Principal Component Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Tinnitus ; complications ; Vertigo ; complications

Objective To investigate social support network of the elderly in nursing homes in Fuzhou, so as to provide reference for the nursing homes to shift from material-oriented nursing to mental-oriented services and to help the elderly to realize healthy aging.Methods Totals of 200 elderly people from nursing homes in Fuzhou were selected, by convenience sampling method, and were surveyed about their social support network by a self-designed questionnaire.Results Of the elderly in nursing homes in Fuzhou, total score of social support was (18.73±2.28) , within which, the score of family support was (2.38±0.98), of support from nursing staff was (2.97±0.63), of support from other elderly around was (2.66±0.75), of support from government and volunteers was (2.53±0.45), and of support from facilities in the nursing home was (3.82±0.44). Demographic variables had different influence on the social support level of the elderly in nursing homes in Fuzhou.Conclusions Of the elderly in nursing homes in Fuzhou, the overall level of social support is low, with dimensions of family support, and support from government and volunteers the lowest. Support and investment for nursing homes from the government should be intensified. Age, educational level and staying length have greater influence on the social support level.

Objective To investigate the distribution and susceptibility patterns of common uropathogens causing community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) in Beijing.MethodsA total of 300non-duplicate isolates were randomly collected from 3 hospitals in Beijing between Jan,1 2010 and Mar,312011.Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the broth microdilution methods,which were performed and interpreted according to the guidelines established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).A panel of 8 antimicrobial agents were tested:amikacin,cefaclor,cefepime,cefoperazone/sulbactam,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,gentamicin and nitrofurantoin. Fosfomycin trometamol MICs were determined by the agar-dilution method in cation-adjusted MH agar supplemented with glucose 6-phosphate at a concentration of 25 mg/L as detailed in the guidelines issued by 2010 CLSI. All the Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis strains were screened and confirmed by double-disk synergy test for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs).Results Among the organisms cultured,E.coli wasthepredominantpathogen(65.0％ ), followedby Enterococcus(11.7％ ),Staphylococcus( 6.3％ ), Klebsiella pneumoniae( 5. 3％ ), Proteus mirabilis( 4. 7％ ), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.0％).Lower susceptibility rates to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (31.4％ -47.4％ ) were observed among all the stains.Amikacin,cefoperazone/sulbactam,nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin trometamol were the most active drugs (92.1％,92.1％,88.4％ and 87.9％ susceptible strains,respectively) among the Gram-negative strains.Isolates of Staphylococcus were highly sensitive to amikacin ( 100.0％ ),cefoperazone/sulbactam (94.7％),nitrofurantoin ( 100.0％ ).Higher susceptibility rates to nitrofurantoin (91.4％) and fosfomycin trometamol (90.0％) were observed in Enterococcus.ESBLs-producing strains accounted for 52.3％ (102/195) in E.coli,43.8％ (7/16) in K.pneumoniae and 14.3％(2/14) in P.mirabilis,respectively.ConclusionsResistance is most common to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin of all the stains.Currently,the most appropriate agents for the empirical management of uncomplicated UTI seems to be amikacin,cefoperazone/sulbactam,nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin trometamol.

Objective To observe the adverse effects of 0.01％ atropine sulfate eye drops on myopic children.Methods A prospective non-randomized controlled trial was conducted.Ninety-nine myopic children (99 right eyes) were randomly assigned to experimental group(55 cases) and control group(44 cases).Myopic children of experimental group wore completely corrected frame glasses,while 0.01％ atropine sulfate eye drop was dropped into each eye once a day before going to bed.Myopic children in control group only wore completely corrected frame glasses.The follow-up time was 4 months.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure (IOP),change of pupil diameter (PD) and amplitude of accommodation,symptoms of discomfort after medication were observed.This study followed the Helsinki declaration and was approved by Ethic Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.Informed consent was signed by the parents of each patient.Results No significant differences were found in best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA),best corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA) and IOP between the two groups before and 4 months after treatment (BCDVA:Fgroup =3.880,P =0.112;Ftime =27.220,P =0.413;BCNVA:Fgroup =5.200,P =0.311;Ftime =38.200,P =0.116,IOP:Fgroup =12.350,P=0.214;Ftime =22.300,P =0.146).After 4 months treatment,the PD was (6.99 ±0.64) mm in the experimental group,which was significantly higher than that before treatment(P＜0.001).The PD of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group after 4 months treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).The amplitude of accommodation in the experimental group was 14.01 ±3.98 after 4 months treatment.which was 1.20 D lower than that before treatment,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).The amplitude of accommodation of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group after 4 months treatment,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Four cases (8％) appeared photophobia symptoms.Two cases and 2 cases appeared photophobia for 1 week or 2 weeks,respectively.However this symptom would relieve after wear sunglasses or sunshade caps in outdoor activities.One case (2％) appeared ocular itching and swelling after 1 month treatment,but disappeared after withdrawal.There were no other uncomfortable symptoms such as near sight blurring.Conclusions In mainland of China,the BCDVA,BCNVA and IOP of myopic children are stable;the PD is dilated and the amplitude of accommodation is decreased slightly after 4 months treatment of 0.01％ atropine,and 10％ children appear photophobia,but do not affect their study and life.

Objective:To develop the Self-Stigma Scale for Drug Addicts(SSSDA),and test its validity and reliability.Methods:On the basis of literature analysis,open questionnaire survey,semi-structured interview and ex-pert consultation,the theoretical structure of the questionnaire was developed,and 943 drug addicts were test-ed.Sample 1(n=483)was used for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis,and sample 2(n=460)was used for confirmatory factor analysis,criterion related validity and internal consistency reliability analysis.Sixty-four drug addicts were retested 4 weeks later for test-retest reliability test.The criterion related validity was tested with the Drug Stereotype Threat Scale.Results:The scale consisted of 6 dimensions and 31 items,including self-negative cognition,stereotype identity,confidentiality,social avoidance,stigma experience,and stigma experience in the process of detoxification(factor loadings were from 0.41 to 0.81),which explained 64.09％of the total vari-ance.The 6-factor structure model fitted the data well(x2/df=2.82,RMSEA=0.06,CFI=0.92,GFI=0.85,TLI=0.91).The total scores and factor scores of the SSSDA were positively correlated with the DSTS scores(ICC=0.10-0.22,Ps＜0.05).The Cronbach α coefficients for the total scale and each dimension were between 0.80 and 0.95,and the test-retest reliability coefficients(ICC)were between 0.82 and 0.94.Conclusion:The Self-stigma Scale for Drug Addicts(SSSDA)initially developed in this study has satisfactory reliability and validity.