OBJECTIVE:To reflect the representative problems existing in the medication safety of public from the side,and provide reference for conducting the following public survey in a large area. METHODS:Questionnaires were used to investigate the knowledge of drug and medication habits of teachers in a senior high school in Beijing,and the received data was statistically analyzed. RESULTS:Totally 88 questionnaires were issued in this investigation,84 effective questionnaires were acquired,with ef-fective recovery of 95.45%. A few teachers had blind faith in intravenous infusion and preferred using antibiotics without doctor's di-agnosis when they caught a cold and fever;48.81%of the respondents barely understood or only partly understood the drug instruc-tions;34.52% didn't know that more serious adverse reactions induce by intravenous infusion were more serious than by oral treat-ment;46.43% rarely checked the period of validity of reserved drugs at home;38.10% didn’t following directions when taking drugs;80.95% had never received the education of medication safety,and 21.43% of them had no intention to accept this educa-tion;when taking drugs for a long time,79.76% of them didn’t do regular examinations of blood routine,renal and liver function tests. CONCLUSIONS:The knowledge of drug use of the respondents in the school is poor,there are many misunderstandings ex-isted in the medication habit,which prompts hidden trouble also exists in medication safety,and reflects hidden trouble commonly exists in medication safety for public from the side.

AIM:To study the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the proliferation of human naso-pharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC) cells, and to explore its mechanism by targeting miR-34a.METHODS: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells were treated with various concentrations of EGCG .The ability of cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay, 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay and colony-forming assay.The cell cycle distributions were analyzed by flow cytometry .The protein levels of P53 and Notch1 were detected by Western blot .The expression of miR-34a and Notch1 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR.RESULTS:EGCG effectively inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of CNE-2Z cells in a dose-dependent manner , which was related to its induction of cell cycle arrest at G 0/G1 phase.The expression of P53 and miR-34a in CNE-2Z cells was significantly increased after treated with EGCG , while the expression of Notch1 at mRNA and protein levels was markedly suppressed .CONCLUSION:EGCG induces cell cycle arrest and suppresses cell proliferation by regulating the P 53/miR-34a/Notch1 pathway in NPC cells.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Jianpi Yiqi, Bushen Fenjing combined with oxaliplatin+CF/5-FU on colorectal cancer.MethodsEighty patients with colorectal cancer who were treated in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were randomly divided into observation group(40cases) and control group (40cases).The control group was given oxaliplatin+CF/5-FU treatment, the observation group in the control group based on the application of Spleen Qi, Bushen fill essence treatment, observed before and after treatment of two groups of serum tumor markers, clinical symptoms and living conditions, changes, record adverse reactions.ResultsThe observation effect of 82.50% was significantly higher than that of the control group (62.50%).The QOL score (37.8±5.6) was significantly higher than that of the control group (33.5±3.1) and the adverse reaction rate was 30.00% (P<0.05).The difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05).ConclusionThe effect of invigorating spleen qi and tonifying siren solution combined with oxaliplatin+CF/5-FU on colorectal cancer can improve the clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients.

BACKGROUND:The development of keloid is a progress of fibrosis in wound healing, and involves various fibrosis-related cytokines. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), Gremlin and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) play an important role in fibrosis of many organs, but their role in keloid tissue has rarely been reported.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of BMP7, Gremlin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and HMGB1 in the development of keloid.
METHODS:The protein levels and distribution of BMP7, Gremlin, VEGF and HMGB1 in 20 cases of keloid and 20 cases of normal skin were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis, respectively. And the correlations among expression levels of BMP7, Gremlin, VEGF and HMGB1 in keloid were analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In keloid tissue, the expression levels of Gremlin, VEGF and HMGB1 were significantly higher than that in normal skin (P<0.01), while the expression levels of BMP7 were significantly lower (P<0.01). The levels of Gremlin were negatively correlated with the levels of BMP7 (r=-0.539, P<0.05). And the levels of VEGF were positively correlated with the levels of HMGB1 (r=0.56, P<0.05). The overexpression of Gremlin and decreased expression of BMP7, as wel as the increased expression of HMGB1 and VEGF, may contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrosis in the development of keloid.

OBJECTIVETo improve the method of indirubin in serum by HPLC and apply to pharmacokinetics in rats.

METHODChromatographic separation was conducted on an C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), using a mixture of methanol-water (75:25) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1) with UV detection at 289 nm, the column temperature was at 35 degrees C and ethinyl estradiol was used as an internal standard. Rats were administered i. v. bolus of indirubin in doses of 2.0 and 4.0 mg x kg(-1) through a jugular vein catheter, respectively. Serial blood samples (about 100 microL) were individually collected at 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after administration, and the concentrations of indirubin determined were in rat serum by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with the Winnonlin 5.0 software.

RESULTThe calibration curve for indirubin was linear ( R2 = 0.9996) in the range of 0.031-2.48 mg x L(-1) and the limit of detection (LOD) was 31 microg x L(-1). The average recovery of indirubin in rat serum was more than 98% and the relative standard deviations of intra-day and inter-day were both less than 10%. The pharmacokinetics of Indirubin in rats was fitted to two-compartment model.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple and accurate with a high sensitivity and a good repeatability, and it can be applied to the evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters of indirubin in rats and blood concentration of indirubin in clinical controlling.

Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Indoles ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo ascertain whether proanthocyanidins inhibit cell growth and migration by increasing let-7a expression in pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells.

METHODSThe proliferation rate, cell apoptosis rate and cell migration ability of AsPC-1 cells treated with proanthocyanidins were measured by MTT assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and Transwell migration assay, respectively. The expression of let-7a AsPC cells was detected by miRNA real-time RT-PCR after proanthocyanidins treatment. The changes in the biological behaviors of AsPC-1 cells were evaluated after transfection with let-7a mimics.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, proanthocyanidins treatment caused dose-dependent decrements of the proliferation rate and migration ability and increased the apoptosis rate in AsPC-1 cells. AsPC-1 cells with proanthocyanidins treatment showed increased expression of let-7a. Transfection with let-7a mimics resulted in obvious decreases in the cell growth rate and migration ability, and proanthocyanidins treatment significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of let-7a mimics.

CONCLUSIONProanthocyanidins-induced cell growth and migration inhibition are partially mediated by up-regulation of let-7a expression in AsPC-1 cells.

Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Proanthocyanidins ; chemistry ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVE: To explore the eff ect of grape seed proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE) on the growth of pancreatic cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: The pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells were cultured in vitro. The effects of GSPE on cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration were analyzed by MTT, Annexin V-FITC/PI and Transwell migration assay, respectively. The expression of miR-27a and FOXO1 in AsPC-1 cells was determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The miR-27a inhibitors were applied to verify the role of miR-27a in mediation of GSPE effects. RESULTS: GSPE inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect was significant when the dosage of GSPE was more than 50 μg/mL (P<0.05 vs control). GSPE also could induce apoptosis and inhibit cell migration. MiR-27a expression was notably down-regulated when the dosage of GSPE was 75 μg/mL (P<0.01 vs control). Compared with the control group, cell proliferation inhibition was significantly increased in the miR-27a inhibitor group, the GSPE group and the miR-27a inhibitor plus GSPE group (P<0.01), while cell migration was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the GSPE or the miR-27a inhibitor group, the growth and migration inhibitory effects in the miR-27a inhibitor plus GSPE group were more obviously (P<0.01). Both GSPE and miR-27a inhibitor alone could up-regulate FOXO1 expression. But these effects were more apparent when they are applied in combination. CONCLUSION GSPE inhibites AsPC-1 cells' growth and migration partly through down-regulation of miR-27a expression.
Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; Grape Seed Extract ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Proanthocyanidins ; pharmacology ; Up-Regulation

The National Medical Licensing Examination has become one of the most important indicator s to measure the teaching quality of medical colleges and universities. In this paper, by analyzing the status of pathophysiology in National Medical Licensing Examination and the current problems existing in pathophysiology teaching, the author proposed a scheme of reform in the pathophysiology teaching based on Medical Licensing Examination, including changing teaching idea, optimizing teaching content, reforming teaching means and adjusting the assessment methods . This reform aims to make the pathophysiology teaching really serve the needs of clinical application.

Objective: To compare the weight loss and metabolic profile between a continuous energy-restricted diet and intermittent fasting diet in order to present an optimal nutritional weight reduction method for obese people in China. Methods: Sixty overweight or obese adults were selected and divided into two groups as the continuous energy-restricted diet group and the intermittent fasting diet group. Height, weight, waist circumference, body mass index(BMI), body fat, change of visceral fatarea, fasting glucose(FPG), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high density cholesterol(HDL), low density cholesterol(LDL), glutamic pyruvicaminotransferase(AST), signglutamic pyruvic transaminase(ALT), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase(GGT), alkalinephosphatase (ALP), fasting insulin level(FINS) and HOMA-IR were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks after weight loss methods carried. Results: Both continuous energy-restricted diet and intermittent fasting diet resulted improvement on body shape indexes and a significant decrease in weight, waist circumference, BMI, body fat, visceral fat area and skeletal muscle(P<0.01)at 8 weeks. Both groups experienced improvements in biochemical outcomes and metabolic indicators at 8 weeks. A significant reduction in TC, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, FINS and HOMA-IR(P<0.01 or P<0.05)were observed in continuous energy-restricted diet group. And a significant decline in TC, LDL, HDL, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, FINS and HOMA-IR were observed in intermittent fasting diet group(P<0.01 or P<0.05). HDL was found significantly reduced in intermittent fasting diet group as compared with continuous energy-restricted diet group(P<0.01) at 8 weeks, however, there were no difference in weight loss, waist circumference, BMI, body fat, visceral fat area and other metabolic indicators at 8 weeks(P>0.05). Conclusion Both intermittent fasting diet and continuous energy-restricted diet have a similar effect on weight loss and metabolic indexes like blood glucose, HOMA-IR and blood lipid, but intermittent fasting diet can more significantly decrease HDL level.

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory action of Celastrol in the ocular tissues of mice with ex-perimental autoimmune uveitis(EAU)and its effect on microglia polarization.Methods A total of 36 healthy B10.RⅢmice at 6-8 weeks of age were selected and randomly divided into the normal control group,EAU solvent control group and Celastrol intervention group,with 12 mice in each group.The interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein(IRBP)161-180 and Freund's complete adjuvant were mixed by thorough emulsification and injected subcutaneously into the bilateral thighs and tails of mice in the EAU solvent control group and the Celastrol intervention group with a total volume of 200 μL and 50 μg IRBP 161-180 in each mouse.On 7-14 days after immunization,mice in the Celastrol intervention group received a daily intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg·kg-1 Celastrol,and mice in the EAU solvent control group were injected with an equivalent dose of sterile Phosphate Buffered Saline solution.On the 14th day after immunization,the anterior segment of mice in each group was observed by slit-lamp microscope and Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE)staining of tissue sections was performed;the clinical and histopathological scores of mice in each group were obtained by reference to the Caspi grading standards;immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the activation of microglia in the eyes of mice;Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and arginase-1(Argl)in the reti-na;quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the relative mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in the retina,such as tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-6.GraphPad Prism 9.0 was used for data analysis.Results On the 14th day after immunization,it was observed by the slit-lamp microscope that the anterior segment of mice in the EAU solvent control group was markedly congested with dilated iris blood vessels,corneal edema,and anterior chamber exudation;the inflammation in the anterior segment of mice in the Celastrol intervention group was markedly at-tenuated,and the iris blood vessels were seen to be mildly congested.Compared with the normal control group,the clini-cal scores of mice in the EAU solvent control group and the Celastrol intervention group were significantly elevated(both P＜0.05);the clinical scores of mice in the Celastrol intervention group were lower than those in the EAU solvent control group(P＜0.05).HE staining results showed that on the 14th day after immunization,mice in the EAU solvent control group showed severe retinal folds and detachment with diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells,while mice in the Celastrol intervention group showed slight structural damage to the retina and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration.Com-pared with the normal control group,the histopathological scores of mice in the EAU solvent control group and the Celas-trol intervention group were significantly elevated(both P＜0.05);the histopathological scores of mice in the Celastrol in-tervention group were lower than those in the EAU solvent control group(P＜0.05).The intraocular Iba1+cell densities of mice in the normal control,EAU solvent control and Celastrol intervention groups were(1.00±0.12)％,(36.07± 4.57)％,and(1.83±0.36)％,respectively.Compared with the normal control group,the number of Iba1+cells in the eyes of mice in the EAU solvent control group and the Celastrol intervention group significantly increased(both P＜0.05);compared with the EAU solvent control group,the number of Iba1+cells in the eyes of mice in the Celastrol intervention group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the expression levels of iNOS and Arg1 proteins in the retinas of mice in the EAU solvent control group were significantly elevated(both P＜0.01);compared with the EAU solvent control group,the expression of iNOS protein in the retinas of mice in the Celastrol intervention group was significantly reduced(P＜0.01).Compared with the normal control group,the relative mRNA expressions of TNF-α.IL-1β,and IL-6 in the retinas of mice in the EAU solvent control group was significantly elevated(all P＜0.05);compared with the EAU solvent control group,the relative mRNA expressions of TNF-α,IL-1 β,and IL-6 in the retinas of mice in the Celastrol intervention group significantly decreased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Celastrol inhibits Ml microglia activation and reduces the production of retinal inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1 β and IL-6 in EAU mice,thereby attenuating the in-flammatory reaction.