Objective To explore the peer assisted learning approach combined with micro-teaching in anesthesia internship for oversea students.Methods 60 international medical students were randomly divided into two groups.Students in the control group have peer guidance before routine theatre observation,while students in experimental group discuss micro-teaching of anesthetic skills with each other by watching real time videos from smart phone.Students' subjective attitudes to new approach were evaluated and their final exam score were analyzed.SPSS 1 1.0 was used for data processing and the data was made descriptive analysis,t test and analysis of variance.Results Students in experimental group did better in both theory exam (46.8 ± 4.03) vs.(35.7 ±6.12) and practice exam (35.2 ± 3.20) vs.(27.6± 4.71) than those in control group,and the total scores of two groups were (80.5 ± 7.40) and (63.1 ± 6.81) respectively.These scores all had significant difference between two groups.More students from experimental group than those from control group feel interested in anesthesiology (P＜0.01) and feel confident about exams (P＜0.05);There was no difference between two groups in understanding clinical guideline (P=0.57).Conclusion Peer assisted learning combined with micro-teaching is proved to enhance the quality of anesthesia teaching during internship for oversea undergraduates.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the release mode and the amount of retention in skin of podophyllotoxin liposomes in topical application. METHODS: Two kinds of podophyllotoxin liposome suspension (DPPC liposome and bean lecithin liposome) and podophyllotoxin tincture in same concentration were topically applied on the skin of porkets and the amounts of retention of drug in skin of different preparations were detected with confocal laser scanning microscope.RESULTS: The quantity of retention of podophyllotoxin DPPC liposome in epidermis and superficial layer of dermis was larger than those of other two preparations and the drug concentration in applying DPPC liposome kept higher for 48 hours.CONCLUSION:Podophyllotoxin liposome coated by DPPC is much more targetable to skin and is a fairly good topical preparation for applying on skin.

Objective To analyze the treatment and pathogenetic condition of chronic heart failure of coro -nary heart disease(CHD) and ventricular arrhythmia (VA).Methods 100 patients with chronic heart failure were collected to observe the treatment of chronic heart failure and pathogenetic condition of VA .Results 44 cases occured VA and 56 cases without VA in 100 patients.NT-proBNP(3 110.00 ±522.00)pg/mL of VA group was sig-nificantly higher than that (2 200.00 ±486.00)pg/mL of non-VA group(t=8.996,P<0.05).LVEF(0.25 ± 0.08) of VA group was lower than that of non -VA group(0.41 ±0.98) (t=11.625,P<0.05).The occurrence (100.00%) of premature ventricular contraction ( PVC) of ≥70mm group in left ventricular internal diameter (LVID) was higher than that of 60 -69mm group (60.87%),50 -59mm group (37.04%),40 -49mm group
(15.38%) with statistically significant(χ2 =5.853,12.532,27.375,all P<0.05).The amount(44.20 ±12.90)mg of use βreceptor blockers of amiodarone group was significantly lower than that of non -amiodarone group(44.20 ± 12.90)mg (t=5.284,P<0.05).Conclusion NT-proBNP of CHEF of CHD and VA patients will improve and amiodarone can reduce the amount of use anti -heart failure drug .

As an income redistribution mechanism, the design of Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance ( URBMI) should reflect the inclination to take care of vulnerable populations, such as people with chronic diseases and low incomes. Therefore, whether the healthcare services of vulnerable populations have been improved, is the most important indicator to determine the effectiveness of the URBMI. Using the DID model, this paper analyzes healthcare service utilization of invulnerable and vulnerable populations before and after the establishment of URBMI ( including both outpatient and inpatient) , based on the idea that these two populations have different socio-economic and health status. Then, based on the gap between the healthcare service utilization changes of different groups, we can measure the equity in URBMI. The results show that the establishment and implementation of URBMI has indeed narrowed the gap of invulnerable and vulnerable populations with different socio-economic and health status; health-care service utilization of vulnerable populations has increased significantly, and health status has significantly im-proved. From vertical and horizontal perspectives, the results prove that the establishment of URBMI has improved the equity of healthcare service utilization among different populations across China.

One hundred and sixty non-diabetic patients with cerebral ischemia of primary onset were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) group and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group according to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Carotid atherosclerosis and carotid artery stenosis were examined with vascular Doppler ultrasonic detection. The incidence rates of carotid atherosclerosis in IGT group and NGT group were 87. 5% (70/80)and 63.8% (51/80)respectively (χ2= 12.240,P <0.001);the incidence rates of carotid stenosis in IGT group and NGT group were 63.8% (51/80) and 47. 5 % (38/80), respectively(χ2 =4. 279, P =0. 039);the degree of carotid artery stenosis in IGT group was higher than that in NGT group(χ2= 21.95, P < 0. 01). The results indicate that IGT may be related to atherosclerosis and stenosis of carotid artery in cerebral ischemic patients.

This study was designed to investigate the impact of ultra-filtration extract mixture from Astragals mongholicus (UEMAM) o radiosensitivity of H22 ascitic tumor in mice to 12C6+ ions radiation. The H22 ascitic tumor model was established in mice by intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mL H22 ascitic cells. The animals were subsequently divided into 4 groups randomly, treated with normal saline, UEMAM, heavy ion beam radiotherapy and UEMAM plus heavy ion beam radiotherapy, respectively. The body weights, abdomen circumference of the mice were measured and the mouse behavior was monitored every day; survival time was recorded to evaluate life extension effect; flow cytometry technique was used to detect H22 cell apoptosis and cell cycle; protein levels of p53, Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved Caspase-3 were analyzed by Western blot; the single cell gel electrophoresis was used to detect the level of deoxyribonucleic acid damage (DNA damage). The results suggest that UEMAM significantly increased survival time, and decreased body weights and abdomen circumference over the saline control group. The treatment increased cell apoptosis, cycle arrest and DNA damage compared to the saline control group. UEMAM significantly enhanced the therapeutic effect of heavy ion beam radiation in survival time, and decreased body weights and abdomen circumference in the tumor-baring mice. The combination increased cell apoptosis, cycle arrest and DNA damage compared to the radiotherapy group. The results of Western blot suggest that the treatment significantly enhanced p53-induced apoptotic signals. The experiment discovered that UEMAM could improve radiosensitivity of H22 ascitic tumor through activation of p53-mediated apoptotic signal pathway.

Objective Inhibitor of growth 1 ( ING1 ) gene has been identified as a novel candidate of tumor suppressor gene .Over-expression of ING1 plays well-established roles in numerous cell processes ,inclu-ding DNA repair and cell apoptosis .Our study is to investigate the clinical significances of expression of ING 1 in colorectal cancer ( CRC) .Methods The mRNA level of ING1 in 82 matched samples comprising primary CRC and paired non-cancerous mucosa were detected and compared by quantitative RT -PCR.Then the correlations of mRNA level of ING1 with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with CRC were ana -lyzed.Results (1)In the same matched tissues,the expression level of ING1 was significantly higher in normal tissues than that in cancer tissues.(2)mRNA expression of ING1 was associated with certain clinical -pathologic variables such as tumor infiltrating level ,lymphatic metastasis,distant metastasis and advancing TNM stage .(3) We obtained the expression levels ratio of cancer tissue and normal tissue and found the lower ratio has a lower Disease-Free Survival(DFS)(P<0.0001).(4)ING1,as a candidate of tumor suppressor gene ,remained a sta-tistically-significant prognostic marker in the Cox regression analysis .Conclusion Down-regulation of ING1 may be correlated tightly with the occurrence and progression of sporadic colorectal cancer .Its expression level can be used to predict prognosis of CRC .

Objective To study the distribution pattern of liposome podophyllotoxin(LP)in rat skin.Methods The rats were divided into two groups:0.5%liposome podophyllotoxin suspension was ap-plied to LP group,0.5%podophyllotoxin tincture was applied to control group.The skin specimens were ob-tained1?2?4?6?12and24h after drug application,the amount of fluorescent stain was observed under con-focal laser scanning microscope and converted to the values of area under the curve(AUC).Results The epidermal AUC of fluorescent amount in LP group was1.5-fold than that in control group,dermal AUC was2.3-fold higher.The unit area fluorescent amount in both epidermis and dermis was highest2hours after topical medication in control group(1585.52/?m 2 and2005.66?m 2 ),and quickly reduced after4hours.But the epidermal and dermal unit area fluorescent amount in LP group was rather low in4hours after topi-cal medication,and gradually increased after6hours,and peaked after12hours(750.28/?m 2 and1073.08/?m 2 ).Conclusion Liposome preparation of podophyllotoxin can be slowly released and lasts longer in the skin.

Objective To evaluate the role of calcium channel in the mechanism of the generation and maintenance of bursting firing of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons in rats.Methods Using the patch clamp technique,we observed the firing pattern switching features after adding 10 μmol/L N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA),compared the changes of whole-calcium current and L-type calcium current with or without NMDA,and analyzed the correlation between the generation of burst firing and L-type calcium channel activation.Results After NMDA treatment,the firing pattern of SNc dopaminergic neurons changed to burst firing,which was compromised by a charastistic high plateau potential and series of action potential on it.The current density of L-type calcium current increased significantly after adding NMDA,which,from (2.86 ±0.26) pA/pF (n =28),significantly increased to (3.75 ± 0.18) pA/pF (n =34 ; t =7.52,P =0.002 8).The high plateau potential was almost abolished with the application of verapamil,a specific antagonist of L-type calcium channel.Consiusion NMDA could induce the firing pattern changed to burst firing in SNc dopaminergic neurons,while L-type calcium channel contributes to the process of generation and maintenance of burst firing.

Objective To investigate the phenotype and the immunoregulatory function of CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells in peripheral blood samples from mice.Methods The distribution profile and the phenotype of CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells in C57BL/6 mice were detected by flow cytometry.The cytokines released by CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells upon the stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody were analyzed by cytometric bead array.The in vitro immunosuppressive activity of CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells on activated CD4+T cells was analyzed by using flow cytometry and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester ( CFSE ) .An adoptive cell transfer assay was set up to evaluate the immunoprotective effects of CD8αα+TCRαβ+ regulatory T cells in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE) .Results CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells were detected in liver, spleen and peripheral blood samples collected from na?ve C57BL/6 mice.Compared with CD8αβ+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells, CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells showed a memory-activated phenotype of CD25+CD122high CD44high CD62Llow CD69high NK1.1+DX5+.CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells could produce IL-2 after 24 hours stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody, followed by producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-17A and traces of IL-6 and IL-10. In vitro, CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells specifically suppressed the proliferation of activated CD4+T cells ( P<0.01 ).Moreover, they could delay the onset of EAE in mice and reduce clinical score (P<0.01).Conclusion CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells were a unique population with immunoregula-tory function, which could be used as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of autoimmune disease.