Objective To observe the effect of ephedrine on the expression of eotaxin in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) stimulated by tumor necrosis factor‐α(TNF‐α) and to explore the mechanism of Chinese medicine ephedra in treating asthma .Methods The in vitro cultured 16HBE were randomly divided into the control group ,TNF‐αstimulation group(TNF‐α20 ng/mL) and TNF‐αplus ephedrine group (TNF‐α20 ng/mL plus ephedrine 300 μg/mL) .Three complex holes in each group were set to culture for 18 h ,the eotaxin mRNA expression was measured by real time fluorescent quantified PCR and protein level was detected by immunocytochemical stain and Western blot .The eotaxin concentration in cells culture supernatant was quantified by ELISA .Results Compared with the the control group ,the expression level of eotaxin mRNA and protein ,and the concentration of eotaxin in cell culture supernatant in the TNF‐α stimulation group were increased obviously ,there being statisticaly significant difference between them(P<0 .01);however ,all above these parameters in the TNF‐αplus ephedrine group showed decreased obvi‐ously as compared with the TNF‐αgroup ,the difference between them was statistically significant (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Ephed‐rine can inhibit the expression and secretion of eotaxin in TNF‐α induced 16HBE inflammatory model ,which may be one of the mechanisms of Chinese medicine ephedra in treating asthma .

[Objective]To evaluate diagnostic and the therapeutic options of osteoid osteoma of the spine associated with scoliosis. [Methods]Nine patients with osteoid osteoma of the spine were treated from 1997 to 2006.All patients presented with spine deformity as their main complaint at the first consultation.The mean age was 15.2 years (range 8-21 years).Two patients had their osteoid osteoma in the thoracic area,2 in the thorcolumbar area ,and 5 in the lumbar area.Three were well controlled after long term administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,and the other 6 were treated with en bloc excision.[Results]All the 6 patients with en bloc excision of the tumor were pain-free post-operatively.The scoliotic curve disappeared or was less than 15 degrees in 5,but the structural curve persisted in 4.[Conclusion]The spinal osteoid osteoma should be suspected when back pain or painful scoliosis occurs in adolescents.Computed tomography is necessary to evaluate the location and features of the lesion.En bloc excision of the tumor can be suggested if the symptoms are not well relieved with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Objective To summary the color Doppler imaging feature of localized Castleman disease.Methods From January 1997 to November 2011,32 localized Castleman diseases which were proved by pathology were analyzed.Results Round-like,hypoechoic,hypervascular lesions were showed in 23 hyalinevascular type lesions,2 of them with calcium,3 of them with structure liked lymph node hilum.Round-like,hypoechoic,hypervascular lesions or normal lymph node were showed in 5 plasma- type lesions and 4 mixed type lesions.Conclusions When round like,hypoechoic,hypervascular lesion is found by ultrasonography,Castleman should be considered.Calcium or lymph nod hilum-like structure is special finding in diagnosis of Castleman disease by ultrasonography.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and application scope of the looping technique by using a gooseneck snare and a loach guide wire in retrieving tubular foreign bodies within the vascular or ureteral duct. Methods During the period from July 2009 to Dec. 2013, six patients with ruptured catheter were admitted to authors’ hospital. All six patients were females. Three patients had internal ruptured peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC), one patient had ruptured implantable venous access port catheter and two patients had replacement of double “J” ureteral catheter stent. By using looping technique, i.e. a loach guide wire and a gooseneck snare were separately placed at the two ends of the tubular foreign body, then the gooseneck snare entangled the soft leading end of the loach guide wire to form a annular structure to seize the ruptured tubular catheter and then to pull it out of the body. Results With the help of the looping technique, the internal ruptured catheter or the double “J” ureteral catheter was successfully removed in all the six patients. Conclusion For the retrieval of the tubular foreign bodies within the vascular or ureteral duct, the looping technique by using a gooseneck snare and a loach guide wire is an effective and fast treatment. Therefore, this technique should be recommended in the clinical practice.

Objective To establish the canine model of esophageal variees caused by portal hyper-tension. Methods The model was established in 12 dogs with a side-to-side portacaval shunt, an ameroid constrictor around the portal vein and double ligation and cross suture of the cephalic part of the inferior vena cava (IVC), and the development of esophageal varices was confirmed 6 weeks later by endoscopy and portal vein angiography. Results The mean pre- and postoperative portal pressure were (11.0 ± 1.1) mm Hg and (22. 9 ± 1.2) nun Hg, respectively (P =0. 010). Endoscopy detected mild to moderate esophageal varices in all dogs, which was confirmed by portal vein angiography, and varices was also seen in abdominal wall. Conclusion Canine model of esophageal varices induced by portal hypertension can be established with the procedure.

Objective To explore the role of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in the directional migration of human prostate cancer(PCa).Methods The expression of CXCL12/CXCR4 in 18 human PCa samples and human PCa cell lines(PC3,DU145 and LNCap)was determined by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry,respectively.Then the effect of CXCL12 on the migration and invasion of human PCa cell lines Was investigated by Matrigel invasion assay.Results Except 1 PCa sample,positive CXCR4 protein expression was detected in 17 clinical PCa samples.On the contrary,in 18 samples determined,only one sample expressed weak CXCL12 protein.CXCR4 rather than CXCL12 protein was exressed in PCa cell lines PC3,DU145 and LNCap.In addition,CXCL12 promoted the migration and invasion of PCa cell lines in a dose dependent manner in viiro,in which experiments PC3,LNCap cells were pretreated by antibody of CXCL12 or CXCR4 and then it was found the migrations of cells stimulated by CXCL12 were inhibited.Conclusion CXCR4 protein is expressed in human PCa and CXCL12/CXCR4 axis may play a significant role in the metastasis of prostate cancer.

Objective To evaluate the clinicopathological features,treatments and prognostic factors of male breast cancer (MBC) patients.Methods Clinical data of 102 MBC patients with histopathology confirmation at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Results All 102 cases got follow-up.The follow-up rate was 100％.The follow-up period was 3-279 months.The mean follow-up period was 65 months.During the follow-up period,recurrence was found in 21 cases,metastasis occurred in 28 cases (including pulmonary metastasis in 8,osseous metastasis in 7,hepatic metastasis in 9,brain metastasis in 3,and soft tissues and adrenal gland metastasis in 1).The 5-year disease free survival rate was 54.3％ and the 5-year overall survival rate was 72.8％.Univariate analysis showed that tumor size,axillary lymph node status,TNM stage,chemotherapy influenced the disease free and overall survival.Multivariate Cox regression shows that axillary lymph node status (P =0.085)was the independent prognostic factor of disease free survival for MBC.Tumor size(P =0.041)and axillary lymph node (P =0.024) status were independent prognostic factors of overall survival for MBC.Conclusions Early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment strategy consisting of radical mastectomy is essential to improve the survival of patients with MBC.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of rhubarb combined with Probiotics for treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) accompanied by acute lung injury (ALI). Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. Sixty patients with SAP and ALI were randomly divided into a rhubarb group and a combination of rhubarb and Probiotics group (combined group), 30 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with conventional therapy. On that therapeutic base, the patients in rhubarb group were treated with rhubarb 3 g·kg-1·d-1 (Raw rhubarb in boiling water 200 mL was cooked for 30 minutes, then the decoction was divided into two parts to be infused through nasal jejunal tube, retaining for 1 hour);while in the combined group, beside the above rhubarb therapy, the patients were additionally given Probiotics [Clostridium butyric acid:Chang Lekang capsule, once 1 grain (0.42 g), twice a day] through nasal jejunal tube. The therapeutic course was 14 days in the two groups. The plasma endotoxin levels, oxygenation index, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ) score were observed before and after treatment for 7 days and 14 days, respectively. After treatment for 30 days, the time of intestine functional recovery and mechanical ventilation, number of damaged organs, number of infectious sites, number of pancreatic pseudocysts, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and 30-day fatality rate were observed in the two groups. Results With the prolongation of treatment, the plasma level of endotoxin and APACHEⅡscore in the two groups were gradually reduced, and the oxygenation index was gradually increased after treatment for 7 days and 14 days in the two groups compared with those before treatment, and there were statistically significant differences in above indexes on the 14th day after treatment between combined group and rhubarb group [endotoxin (μg/L): 19.16±1.90 vs. 21.20±1.05, oxygenation index (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 369.50±5.45 vs. 341.50±7.36, APACHE Ⅱscore:11.84±0.60 vs. 13.00±0.86, P<0.05 or P<0.01]. The length of intestine functional recovery in the combined group was longer than that in the rhubarb group (days: 5.63±1.75 vs. 5.02±1.54), the number of damaged organs (2.08±0.74 vs. 2.70±1.11), the number of infectious sites (1.93±0.64 vs. 2.23±0.83), the number of pancreatic pseudocysts (1.22±0.34 vs. 1.63±0.11) and the mortality rate [10.0%(3/30) vs. 13.3%(4/30)] in the combined group were lower than those of the rhubarb group, but there were no statistically significant differences between two groups (all P > 0.05). The times of mechanical ventilation (days: 13.40±1.76 vs. 15.60±1.28) and the length of ICU stay (days:16.13±1.25 vs. 17.63±1.30) were significantly shorter in combined group than those in rhubarb group (both P<0.05). Conclusion Rhubarb combined with Probiotics for treatment of patients with SAP and ALI can promote their recovery of lung function and shorten their length of ICU stay.

Objective The purpose of this study was to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) alone or in combination to observe the distribution of white matter lesions and cortical malfunctional areas in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients with mild cognitive decline and to explore the relationship between the DTI and the rs-fMRI methods.Methods Twenty-six HIV infected patients with mild cognitive impairment and 30 healthy volunteers were selected by Montreal Cognitive Asessment (MoCA) scale evaluation.DTI data and rs-fMRI data were obtained,fractional anisotropy (FA) value images were obtained with voxel based analysis and the resting-state default mode network (DMN),functional connectivity images were obtained with cingulate gyrus as a seed point.Overlay images were obtained with FA,DMN and Ch2 standard images.Results Compared with the control group,the white matter FA values were significantly decreased in the left precuneus(t=4.0499,P＜0.005) and right precuneus (t=5.1553,P＜0.005),right superior frontal gyrus(t=5.1517,5.1484,P＜0.005),right middle frontal gyrus (t=4.1444,P＜0.005),right precentral gyrus (t=3.7395,P＜0.005),right occipital lobe (t=7.2236,P＜0.005),and right inferior parietal lobule (t=4.1450,P＜0.005) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients.In resting-state default mode network,areas significantly related to cingulate gyrus seed point included the left cingulate gyrus (t =32.78,P＜0.005),left precuneus (t =4.51,P＜0.005),left superior frontal gyrus (t =14.33,4.53,P＜0.005),left middle temporal gyrus (t =10.01,5.72,P＜ 0.005),left inferior temporal gyrus (t =5.99,P＜0.005),left parahippocampal gyrus (t =7.63,P＜0.005),right posterior cingulate (t =34.81,P＜0.005),right precuneus (t=32.09,P＜0.005),right superior frontal gyrus(t =14.12,P＜0.005),right middle frontal gyrus (t=17.71,P＜0.005),right superior temporal gyrus (t=14.59,P＜0.005),and right middle temporal gyrus (t=11.83,P＜0.005); while areas not significantly related to the cingulate gyrus seed point included the left precuneus (t =5.39,P＜0.01),left anterior cingulate gyrus (t =3.66,P＜0.01),left cerebellar tonsils (t =7.51,P＜0.01),right superior parietal lobule (t=4.44,P＜0.01),right parahippocampa gyrus (t =3.69,P＜0.01),and right cerebellar tonsil (t=6.15,P＜0.01).Overlayed images showed that the white matter FA value of the left precuneus were decreased and the functional activitis of the corresponding cortex were significantly decreased; while the white matter FA values of the left precuneus,right precuneus,right superior frontal gyrus,right middle frontal gyrus were decreased without affection of the functional activity of the corresponding cortex in AIDS patients.Conclusion White matter nerve fiber disconnection of multiple brain regions and its corresponding cortical function decline with compensatory activity co-participated in the pathogenesis of AIDS mild cognitive decline.

Objective analysis the pathogenesis and the treatment strategies of the hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) with the concomitant mitral valve abnormalities. Methods From October 1996 to June 2009, 62 patients suffered from HOCM underwent surgical treatment. There were 41 males and 21 females with age ranging from 6 to 68 ( 34.05 ±15.26) years old. The body weight were 27 -83 kg [mean (60. 42 ± 12.71 ) kg]. Detected by preoperative echocardiography, all patients had the systolic anterior movement of the mitral leaflet ( SAM ) and 50 patients had mitral regurgitation (MR). Ventricular septal myomectomy was performed under general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with a moderate systemic temperature and low volume blood flow. The concomitant operations included mitral valve replacement ( MVR 12 cases), mitral valve plasty ( MVP9 cases). During the perioperative period the patients were evaluated by echocardiography. Left ventricle ( LV ), left ventricular outflow tract ( LVOT), left atrium ( LA ), left ventricalar ejection fraction ( LVEF), mitral valve construction and function were evaluated. Results The time of CPB and the sortic occlusion were (104.23 ±47.14) (402290) min and (66.76 ±36.32) (20-195) min, respectively. The endotracheal intubation time was ( 13.23 ± 11.76 ) ( 5 -21 ) h and ICU stay was (42.53 ± 37.41 ) ( 11 ～ 183 ) h. Comparing with the parameters before operation: the sizes of the LA were (43.46 ± 7.21 ) mm vs. ( 34.56 ± 6.45 ) mm, pressure gradients through LVOT ( 103.84 ±44.04) mm Hg vs. (23.54±17.78) mm Hg and the thickness of the septal (26.93±5.23) mm vs. (17.12±5.67) mm.All parameters were significantly decreased( P ＜0.05 )postoperatively. All surviving patients had no or only trivial MR and SAM. Four patients (6.4% ,4/62 ) died during the perioperative period. The cause of death included severe low cardiac output, heart failure, severe ventricular arrhythmias and severe acute renal failure. The main complications were: left bandle branch block in 33 cases, intraventricular conduction block in 7, complete AV block in 6, anterior hemiblock in 5, type Ⅰ artioventricular conduction block in5, atrial fibrillation in 4. All surviving patients were in New York Heart Association functional class Ⅰ or Ⅱ during the follow-up from 1 month to 10 years. Cardiac symptoms were markedly relieved. Mitral valve construction and function were significantly improved. There were no death, no complications and none required additional mitral valve or myecomy surgery. Conclusion Ventricular septal myomectomy alone is sufficient to eliminate or significantly reduce the severity of MR and SAM. In patients with HOCM and MR due to the congenital mitral valve disease, concomitant MVP may be the first choice. Considering the inherent risks of prosthetic valves and anticoagulation complications, MVR should be the second choice.