Objective To explore the mechanism that Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) α-toxin(Hla) regulate miR-142 expression and inhibit macrophage phagocytosis.Methods BALB/C mice and RAW264.7 cells were infected with wild type S.aureus(WT S.aureus),Hla deletion S.aureus(△HlaS.aureus) or phosphate buffered saline(PBS),and the expression level of miR-142 of skin tissues and cells were detected.miR-142 mimics and inhibitor were then applied in the RAW264.7 culture to examine the effect on phagocytosis.Direct targeting of miR-142 on protein kinase Cα(PKCα) was assessed by luciferase assay and western blotting.Results miR-142 expression in △HlaS.aureus group were significantly down-regulated than WT S.aureus group(P<0.05).MiR-142 mimics inhibited RAW264.7 phagocytosis ability and inhibitor enhanced RAW264.7 phagocytosis ability.PKCα was directly targeted by miR-142.MiR-142 mimics significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of PKCα in RAW264.7 cells(P<0.05).Conclusion Hla could promote miR-142 expression in macrophages.MiR-142 could inhibit macrophage phagocytosis through down-regulated PKCα.

Objective To investigate whether there is an inhibition of the human lung cancer cell line A549 induced by the culture supernatant of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and the mechanism of the inhibition. Methods A549 cells 5 x 10~4mL~(-1) were cultured and harvested. The cells were treated for different hours with different concentrations of Toxoplasma gondii culture supernatant (the concentrations of tachyzoites were 4×10~7mL~(-1), 8 × 10~7mL~(-1), 16 ×10~7mL~(-1) respectively). Growth inhibition rate was measured with the MTT method; Cell cycle was checked with flow cytometer. Western blot was used to detect the level of cyclinBl and cdc2 of cells. Results The culture supernatants of Toxoplasma gondii inhibited proliferation of A549 cells in a time-dose dependent manner. Cell cycle was significantly stopped at G_2/M phase by the culture supernatants with FCM technology. The culture supernatant of Toxoplasma gondii reduced the expressions of gene cyclinBl and cdc2 of A549 cells. Conclusion The culture supernatant of Toxoplasma gondii may inhibit A549 cell and arrest the cell cycle of A549 cells mainly by regulating the expression of gene cyclinBl and cdc2.

Objective To study the protective mechanism of astragaloside on skin photoaging. Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: model group irradiated with ultraviolet rays (UV), model plus matrix group pretreated with the matrix before UV irradiation, model plus astragaloside group pretreated with astragaloside 0.08% cream before UV irradiation, normal control group received no irradiation or pretreatment. After 4-week irradiation, the mice were sacrificed, and skin tissues were resected from the back of these mice. Then, reverse transeription PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-βR Ⅱ and Smad 7, respectively. Gray scale ratio was used to represent the mRNA levels of TGF-βR Ⅱ and Smad 7. Results There was a significant difference in the mRNA level (F = 80.98, 736.80, respectively, both P < 0.01) and protein positivity rate (F = 45.36,132.25, respectively,both P < 0.01) of TGF-βR Ⅱ and Smad 7 among the 4 groups. The mRNA level and protein positivity rate of TGF-βR Ⅱwere 0.2588±0.0283 and (28.20 ± 5.24)% respectively in the model group, significantly lower than those in the normal control group[0.5688 ± 0.0439, (53.00 ± 4.72)%, both P < 0.01] and model plus astragaloside group [0.3767 ± 0.0374, (41.64 ± 2.59)%, both P< 0.01]; on the contrary, the mRNA level and protein positivity rate of Smad 7 in the model group [0.8637 ± 0.0514, (82.06 ± 2.18)%] were significantly higher than those in the normal control group [0.5900 ± 0.0585, (47.50±3.81)%, both P < 0.01] and model plus astragaloside group [0.7131 ± 0.0410, (64.36 ± 2.62)%, both P< 0.01]. In the model plus astragaloside group, the mRNA level and protein positivity rate of TGF-βR Ⅱ were significantly higher than in the model plus matrix group [0.2653 ± 0.0456, (28.74 ± 2.28)%, both P < 0.01], while those of Smad 7 were statistically lower than in the model plus matrix group [0.8553 ± 0.0575, (82.62 ± 4.02)%, both P < 0.01]. However,no significant difference was observed in the mRNA level or protein positivity rate of TGF-βR Ⅱ or Smad 7 between the model group and model plus matrix group (all P > 0.01). Conclusion Astragaloside can prevent skin photoaging by the alteration of TGF-β pathway via up-regulating TGF-βR Ⅱ expression and down-regulating Smad 7 expression.

Objective To evaluate the characteristics of left ventricular systolic longitudinal strain in uremic patients and its relationship with dialysis time using three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D-STE).Methods Forty-six uremic patients were divided into three groups according dialysis time (ranged 0-5 years):group A (≤1 year),group B (1 year＞time ≤3 years),group C (3 years ＞time≤5 years),group D was control group.The dynamic images of apical four chamber view were displayed and apical full-volume images were obtained and saved in all subjects using a full volume matrix probe.The original data was recorded and was analyzed by using off-line 3DT analysis software (TomTec 4D MV-Assessment).The longitudinal peak systolic strain and 16 segment systolic strains and strain mean value in 16 segment of left ventricular were acquired and compared.Results The peak strain of apical segment was lower than that of the basal segment and the middle segment and it had an increasing trend from the apical segment to the basal segment in three uremia groups.Instead,it had a decreasing trend from the apical segment to the basal segment in control group.But the differences were not statistically significant.The longitudinal peak systolic strain value,16 segment strain value and mean value of 16 segment strain all were lower in three uremic groups than those of control group.Every segment of 16 segment stain value in group A was higher than those of group B and C.There was no difference in every segment between B and C group in addition to basal and middle segment of anterior septum.Conclusions 3D-STE could evaluate the left ventricular systolic function in uremic patients and the cardiac function could be partly protected by regular dialysis treatment.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of postmenopausal osteoporosis ( PMOP) in Chongqing region,and provide the theoretical basis for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted and standardized questionnaire was applied in this project. All patients were informed of the purpose of this study and signed an informed consent form. The protocol and consent form were approved by the Ethics Committee of Third Military Medical University. Non-conditional logistic model was used to estimate the association between risk factors and PMOP. Results After adjustment for some potential confounding factors,multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that family history of hip fracture ( OR = 8. 567,95% CI 3. 463 to 12. 620) ,lower body mass index ( OR = 3. 081,95% CI 1. 344 to 5. 632) ,and parities ( OR = 2. 539,95% CI 1. 263 to 4. 175) were significantly positive correlated with the incidence of PMOP. However,frequently exercise ( OR = 0. 276,95% CI 0. 152 to 0. 730) ,tea drinking ( OR =0. 354,95%CI 0. 209 to 0. 764) and older at menopause ( OR =0. 621,95%CI 0. 327 to 0. 942) were significantly negative correlated with it. Conclusion Family history of hip fracture,lower body mass index and higher parities are the risk factors of PMOP in Chongqing region. Besides,frequent exercise,tea drinking and proper endogenous estrogen level are the protective factors.

HPLC-ESI-MS technology was applied to determine the hydrolyzed peptides of red cubilose and white Abscubilose for the comparison of similarities and differences between different kinds of cubiloses' hydrolysis polypeptide primary structure.SDS-PAGE,capillary high-performance liquid chromatography and ESI-MS were used to detect the purity and peptide mapping of samples.Mascot 2.2 sof tware was used to search the database.The basepeak figure in mass spectrometry analysis showed good consistency of hydrolyzed peptides between red cubilose and white cubilose.The Mascot 2.2 sof tware was used to search the poultry database which had been downloaded from the UniProt.A total of 73 kinds of proteins from white cubilose were identified.And a total of 51 kinds of proteins from red cubilose were identified.There were 30 kinds of same proteins from both cubilose.It was concluded that the hydrolyzed peptides had relatively high similarity between red cubilose and white cubilose.The same proteins from both red and white cubilose can be used as the quality control characteristics of cubilose products.

Acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock and left main coronary artery disease is called left main shock syndrome. It is reported that the morbility and mortality of the syndrome is approximately 0.46%and 55%-80%, respectively. However, the best treat-ment strategy in these cases is unknown. In this article, we present a patient with LMSS who successively underwent emergency percutane-ous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting with hemodynamic support within 5 days. The patient is now on his three month uneventful out-patient follow-up.

Objective To investigate the anatomic characteristics of the nasolabial fold and to give an accurate description and definition of it in order to to provide theoretical basis for plastic, cosmetic and maxillofacial surgery. Methods Ten (20 sides) adult fresh bodies with vascular perfusion of formalin fixed after morphological observation under a 10 × magnifying len. Results Nasolabial fold was a border between fat-rich zone and non-fat zone in the midfacial region. The nasolabial fold derived from nasal alar skin point in the transverse portion of nasalis, and ended at the outer skin point of zygomaticus major muscle in the mouth. From the anatomy point of view, the nasolabial fold was divided into three segments: the upper, the middle and the under. The upper segment ( Ⅰ ) was the transverse portion of nasalis, (20. 38± 0. 74) mm in length; the middle section ( Ⅱ ): levator labii superioris,(17.13 ± 0.57) mm in length; the under segment (Ⅲ ): modiolus, (20. 81 ±0. 70) mm in length. The nasolabial fold was a connecting region where seven mimetic muscles inserted into the skin point. Superficial musculoapneurotic system (SMAS) and the nasolabial fold were composed of seven mimetic muscles belonging to the same layer. Conclusions The nasolabial fold is a region where the seven mimetic muscles insert into the skin point for connection, and regardless of age, it is an eternal existence. The nasolabial fold is different from the nasolabial wrinkle formed with facial aging and the nasolabial ridges formed by facial mimetic muscles changes.

Objective To evaluate the myocardial protective effect of dexmedetomidine in the pediatric patients undergoing total correction of tetralogy of Fallot.Methods Forty ASA physical status Ⅱ] or Ⅲ pediatric patients of both sexes,aged 9 months-5 yr,weighing 7-21 kg,scheduled for elective total correction of tetralogy of Fallot under cardiopulmonary bypass,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each):control group (C group) and dexmedetomidine group (D group).Anesthesia was induced with iv injection of midazolam,sufentanil,etomidate and rocuronium.The patients were endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.After intubation,dexmedetomidine was infused intravenously at 0.6 μg· kg-1 · h-1 until the end of operation in group D,while the equal volume normal saline was given instead of dexmedetomidine in group C.Venous blood samples were obtained before operation,at the end of operation and at 24 h after operation for determination of plasma TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations.The occurence of anoxic spells was recorded.Results The concentrations of plasma TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower at the end of operation and 24 h after operation in group D than in group C(P ＜0.05).The incidence of anoxic spells was 0 in group D,however it was 20％ in group C.Conclusion For the pediatric patients undergoing total correction of tetralogy of Fallot under cardiopulmonary bypass,dexmedetomidine infused at 0.6 μg· kg-1 · h-1 during operation can exert myocardial protective effect with clinical significance.

Objective To analyze the application value of the rapid testing for influenza during 2007-2008 flu season at fever clinic in Beijing Chaoyang hospital Methods 500 patients with diagnosis of influenza-like illness were prospectively enrolled. Pharyngeal swabs were collected for influenza viral culture and rapid testing for influenza. Demographic characteristics, age, symptoms, lab tests, symptom recovery time and medical expense were also collected. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for rapid testing were analyzed. Results A total of 500 patients were enrolled between Dec 2007 and March 2008. Among them 498 cases were used for analysis. Influenza B was most common by virus culture methed(n=208,41.8%) ,followed by influenza A (n=51,10.2%). The average age was 35, and the ratio of male to female was 1.47:1. Compared with the group of positive culture, patients with influenza were more likely to get cough, sore throat, and nasal congestion (t=13.728, 4.014and 4.720,P<0.001 or 0.05, respectively). A total of 260 cases were subjected to rapid testing, Among them 18 cases were influenza A positive and 132 cases were influenza B positive. The rapid testing had a sensitivity of 77.1 % and a specificity of 70.1%. The positive predictive value was 78.6% and the negative predictive value was 68.2%. The rapid testing had enhanced the proportion of anti-viral treatment from 0 to 26% and reduced the proportion of antibiotic use from 63.4% to 20. 7%. Conclusions Influenza B is the most predominant pathogen during 2007-2008 flu season among patients with influenza-like illness in Beijing. The rapid testing with high sensitivity and specificity provides guidance on clinical practice.