BACKGROUND:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor has been detected in bone and tooth, and its role in development and metabolism of bone and tooth tissue as wel as its clinical application has become a hot spot. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the effect and mechanism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in development and metabolism of bone and tooth tissues. METHODS: Papers addressing the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in bone and tooth tissue were retrieved by computer in Wanfang and PubMed databases with the key words of “brain-derived neurotrophic factor, TrkB, p75NTR, signaling, bone, tooth, osteoblasts, osteoclasts” in Chinese and English, respectively. A total of 53 papers were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor can be detected in various tissuesin vivo, and can regulate cel survival and apoptosis through binding its two receptors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in bone and tooth tissue can bind to target cels, induce or inhibit cel proliferation and differentiation, indicating that brain-derived neurotrophic factor is closely linked to bone and tooth tissue, and may play a role in growth and reconstruction of bone and tooth. Its mechanism of action is mainly through binding to TrkB receptor, to activate downstream pathways and affect differentiation and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cels, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and periodontal ligament cels. Interaction between p75NTR receptor and TrkB receptor may be one of the factors affecting cel differentiation or proliferation.

The teaching and management of our eight-year program students is relatively new,so we should gradually study and explore the adapted cultivation pattern,learn and accumulate the successful experiences of the high starting point teaching in order to cultivate the qualified medical talents.

Objective To summarize the principle and clinical applications of ~(31)phosphorus MR spectroscopy(~(31)p-MRS).Methods Literatures about ~(31)P-MRS in liver were reviewed and analyzed.Results Abnormalities of ~(31)P-MRS were found in patients of hepatitis,liver cirrhosis,liver tumor,obstructive jaundice and patients after liver transplantation.Evaluation of ~(31)P-MRS is important in diagnosis and treatment of many hepatic diseases.(Conclusion As a) non-invasive protocol for analyzing the energetic metabolism and biomedical changes in cellular level of living liver,~(31)P-MRS has a wide clinical application.

Objective To investigate the relationship of magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to histology in the patients of chronic viral hepatitis. Methods Thirty-five patients of chronic viral hepatitis who received liver biopsy and 10 healthy volunteers were included in this study. All of them underwent DWI on a 3.0T MRI device. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the liver were measured respectively when b value were set as 100, 400, 600 and 800 s/mm~2. Biopsy specimens were scored for fibrosis and necroinflammation according to the Knodell histology activity index (HAI). Results When b value was set as 800 s/mm~2, statistical difference was showed between the fibrosis group and the non-fibrosis group, statistical difference was also shown among the different degrees of necroinflammation and fibrosis. Conclusion DWI is a valuable method for grading and staging of chronic viral hepatitis.

Objective To detect the differential expression profile of microRNAs between patients with or without gall?bladder stone. Methods Samples from 30 patients with gallbladder stones (GS) and 30 without gallbladder stones (GP) were collected, in which microRNAs expression profiles were examined using high-throughput sequencing instrument Illumi?na HiSeq 2500. MicroRNA sequences were obtained and compared to Genebank and Rfam database for classification. Differ?entially expressed microRNAs were screened, and their target genes were predicted. Significant enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG were performed. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed on selected miRNAs in order to validate their expres?sion. Results Clean tags were obtained from both GS group (n=2 215 832) and GP group (n=1 424 770). A total of 17 mi?croRNAs were differentially expressed between GS and GP groups with statistical significance, among which 9 were up-regu?lated and 8 were down-regulated in GS group compared to those in GP group. GO (Gene ocology) analysis showed that target genes were enriched in ion binding and transport, apolipoprotein binding, calcium channel activity, protein kinase activity, steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism. KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)analysis is shown for the target genes enriched in cancer related pathways, including WNT, HIPPO pathways. qRT-PCR validation of some differen?tially expressed miRNAs confirmed the result of high-throughput data analysis. Conclusion The differential expression levels of microRNAs may play an important role in occurrence and development of gallbladder stones.

Presented herein are the concepts and methodology for the appraisal indicator model of personal performance management in hospitals. Based on studies of mature appraisal indicator models for hospital departments and the particularity in the process of personal performance evaluation, the authors hold that the model of such an appraisal model should comprise an indicators inventory, data warehouse,indicators system, and appraisal database among others. It is also described that the evaluation process is made up of targets identification, indicators selection, weight distribution, performance implementation and data updating, on top of recommendations for building the model.

Objective: To establish a metastatic cell line from distant organ metastasis using Mc3 cell line in nude mice. Methods: Tail vein injection of Mc3 cells and cell culture technic were employed to induce metastasis in distant organ . Cell counting and flow cytometry were used to study the cell growth. Karyotype analysis and histopathological observation were used to study the morphological features with light and electron microscopy. Results: Paralized nude mouse was observed in 1 out of 50 experimental nude mice. The cells derived from the spinal cord were cultured and transferred for more than 50 passages. The cells were proved to be of mucoepidermoid carcinoma from human being by the morphology, histopathology and karyotype of the cells. The population doubling time and S-phase cell of the cells were 43 h and 22.7% respectively. The cell line was named Ms. Conclusion: Ms is a metastatic cell line of spinal cord metastasis in nude mouse derived from human mucoepidermoid cacinoma cells.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of and gene mutations in a Chinese Han pedigree with piebaldism. Methods Clinical data were collected with informed consent from a pedigree with piebaldism, processed and documented. A clinical genetic analysis was conducted and pedigree chart was drawn. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 14 patients and 40 unaffected individuals in the family as well as 50 unrelated human controls, and subjected to the amplification of 21 exons and flanking sequences of the KIT gene by PCR. Sequence analysis was performed by Mutation SurveyorTM. Results There were 73 members in the family, and of them, 14 were diagnosed with piebaldism according to typical clinical features. Piebaldism was inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern in this family. A heterozygous 4-base insertion mutation 1900insATGA in exon 13 of KIT gene was identified in all the 14 affected family members, which resulted in a frame-shift mutation at codon 634 and produced a premature translation termination codon. This mutation was undetected in either the unaffected family members or unrelated controls. Up to the time of this writing, this mutation had not been previously reported. Conclusion The novel mutation 1900insATGA in the KIT gene may be the cause of clinical phenotype of piebaldism in the family.

Objective To investigate the role of Twist and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer and their relationship with clinical pathological features.Methods The expressions of Twist and VEGF were detected by immunohistochemical staining (SP)method in 80 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer and 10 paired cases of normal ovarian tissue.Results In the 80 cases of ovarian cancer tissues,the positive expression rate of Twist and VEGF in epithelial ovarian cancer was 85% and 86.25%,respectively,which were remarkably higher than those in normal ovarian tissues (P <0.01).The expressions of Twist and VEGF were closely associated with clinical stages,pathological grades and lymph node metastasis,but not correlated with age or pathological patterns (P >0.05).There was a significant correlation between the expressions of Twist and VEGF in epithelial ovarian cancer (r =0.646,P <0.01).Conclusion The high expressions of Twist and VEGF may play a potential role in the occurrence,development and invasion process of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Objective To investigate the depiction rate of normal cisterna chyli and thoracic duct by nonenhanced MR lymphography and to describe their appearances on MR imaging.Methods Special MR hydrography sequence was added to the MR imaging protocols of 112 patients undergoing MR examination of the thorax and upper abdomen.MR imaging sequences included:①Respiratory-gated HASTE T2W sequence;②Breath-hold FLASH T1W sequence;③Respiratory-gated TSE 3D T2W sequence(3D MR hydrography sequence)in coronal plane.One hundred cases who met the inclusion criteria were included into the study for observation of the depiction rate,location and morphology of cisterna chyli and thoracic duct.Results On TSE 3D T2W imaging:①Cisterna chyli was visualized in 71/100(depiction rate 71.0%),morphologically including single-tube type 43.7%(31/71),bifurcation type(2-3 tubes)23.9%(17/71),plexus type 32.4%(23/71).Average length of the cisterna chyli was 4.5 cm.②The depiction rate of the lower segment of thoracic duct was 57.0%(57/100),average ductal diameter was 0.23 cm.③The depiction rate of upper segment of the thoracic duct was 31.0%(31/100).Conclusion As a noninvasive method for depicting the lymphatic system,nonenhaced MR lymphography(TSE 3D T2W sequence)demonstrated a high depiction rate for cisterna chyli and lower thoracic duct.Combined with axial images of HASTE and FLASH sequences,the location and morphology of these larger lymphatic ducts can be defined.