Objective To study the sleeping quality and correlative factors of key senior middle school students of Beijing. Methods With pittsburg sleeping quality index (PSQI) scale, 344 key senior middle school students participated and completed the questionnaire. Results Percentage of sleep disorder accounted for 24.4% in the senior middle school students;Sleeping time was shorter than 7 hours in total of 61% students. Compared with key class students, sleeping time was shorter(P

OBJECTIVE:To study the relieving cough and eliminating phlegm effects of stemoninine combined with mogrosideⅤ on mice,and select its optimal ratio. METHODS:70 mice were selected in each experiment and randomly divided into 7 groups,namely solvent group(normal saline), codeine(15 mg/kg)or ambroxol(30 mg/kg)group(positive control),stemoni-nine group(30 mg/kg),mogroside Ⅴ group(30 mg/kg),stemoninine-mogroside Ⅴ combination group(30 mg/kg)with mass ra-tio of 2:1,1:1,1:2,ig,once a day. Ammonia-induced cough experiment(positive drug was codeine)and tracheal phenol red ex-cretion experiment(positive drug was ambroxol)were respectively conducted. Using cough latent period,cough times and volume of tracheal phenol red excretion as indexes,the antitussive and expectorant effects of drug in each group were compared. RE-SULTS:Compared with solvent group,cough latent period was obviously shortened,cough times was obviously reduced,volume of tracheal phenol red excretion was obviously increased in each administration group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with mogro-side Ⅴ group,cough latent period was obviously shortened,cough times was obviously reduced in stemoninine-mogroside Ⅴgroup with different mass ratios(P<0.05),and 2:1,1:1 groups showed the best effects. Compared with stemoninine group,vol-ume of tracheal phenol red excretion was obviously increased in stemoninine-mogroside Ⅴ group with different mass ratios (P<0.05),and 1:1,1:2 groups showed the best effects. CONCLUSIONS:The combination of temoninine and mogroside Ⅴ shows synergistic effects on relieving cough and eliminating phlegm,stemoninine-mogrosideⅤmass ratio of 2:1,1:1 can be used as pre-ferred combination of reference.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the coronary atherosclerosis and endothelium function or lipidoxidative function. Methods:All subjects underwent selective coronary angiography.Their age,sex,body mass index,smoking status,blood pressure,plasma and serum of levels of glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,high density lipoproteins,non-hingh density lipoproteins,oxidized LDL,endothelin(ET)and nitric oxide(NO)were measured. Results: Subjects were divided into two groups,according to coronary lesion(50 cases),and non-coronary lesion(25 cases).The plasma levels of OxLDL〔(65.31?9.87)mmol vs(46.95?7.74)mmol/L〕and ET 〔(91.92?8.50)ng/L) vs (82.81?7.37)ng/L〕 were higher in group with coronary lesion than those of group with non-coronary lesion (P

Wearable devices bring us an innovative human-computer interaction which plays an irreplaceable role in enhancing the users' ability in environmental awareness, acquirements of their own state and "ubiquitous" computing power. Since 2013, wearable devices have quickly appeared around us. In this article we classify most of the wearable devices which have been appeared in the markets or reported in the literature according to their functions and the positions where they are worn. Furthermore, we review the technologies related to wearable devices, such as sensing technology, wireless communication, power manager, display technology and big data. At last, we analyze the challenges which the wearable devices will face in near future, and look forward to development trends of wearable devices.
Biomedical Engineering ; Biomedical Technology ; Clothing ; Humans ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Wireless Technology

Objective To investigate the pathogenesy of postmenopausal osteoporosis and the influence of leptin on osteoporosis.Methods Healthy woman volunteers with different ages were divided into four groups: 25～34 years old(n=37),35～44 years old(n=31),45～54 years old(n=30),postmenopausal women 55～65 years old(n=40),with no significant difference in BMI among each groups.The serum levels of leptin,follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing,hormone(LH),beta-estradiol(E_2),testosterong(T),boneglaprotein(BGP),alkaline phosphates(ALP),tatrate-resistantacid phosphatase(TRAP),interleukin-6(IL-6),plasma calcium(Ca) and phosphate(P) were detected.Results The serum levels of leptin and BGP increased with the age in the nonobese women group.The serum levels of FSH,IL-6 and TRAP increased while those of E_2 and BMD decreased in the postmenopausal women compared with other groups.Conclusion Leptin serves as an important factor in promoting bone formation during bone rebuilding of postmenopausal women.The serum levels of leptin and BGP increase and bone formation increases.The E_2 and leptin contribute to the enhancement of bone formation and bone absorption in the postmenopausal women.The level of E_2 decreases but it acts more efficiently than leptin.The bone absorption is faster than bone formation,which contributes to the pathopoiesis of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Objective Risk factor of radial and horizontal tear for posterior horn of medial meniscus is analyzed in present study.Methods A total of 390 patients diagnosed with medial meniscus tear received during January 2011 to December 2012 were of retrospective analysis.94 cases with radial tear of medial meniscus posterior horn and 95 horizontal cases were chosen as research objects.Age,gender,duration of symptoms,body weight index,trauma history,posterior slop of tibia plateau,knee valgus angle and Outerbridge cartilage classification of patients with radial or horizontal tear were recorded and analyzed.Multifactor unconditioned Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze risk factor of meniscus radial tear.Results Significant difference could be spotted in the analysis of gender (x2=9.059,P=0.003),body weight index (t=2.549,P=0.012),knee valgus angle (t=-5.609,P=0.000) and Outerbridge cartilage classification (x2=42.300,P=0.000) between patients with radial or horizontal tear.Meanwhile,no significant difference could be spotted in the analysis of trauma history (x2=0.368,P=0.544),posterior slop of tibia plateau (x2=1.021,P=0.312),age (t=-1.228,P=0.221) and symptom duration (t=0.272,P=0.786).According to the results of multi-factor analysis,valgus angle (OR=12.581,P=0.001),age (OR=0.875,P=0.026) and Outerbridge cartilage classification (OR=33.790,P=0.000; OR=15.558,P=0.000; OR=39.891,P=0.000; OR=91.041,P=0.000) were risk factors of meniscus radial tear.Conclusion High incidence of posterior horn of medial meniscus tear was found in patients with senile osteoarthritis.The incidence of radial tear of medial meniscus posterior horn in elderly patients with knee varus or serious articular cartilage was higher than that of horizontal tear.

BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament injury accompanied by unstable rotation is a hotspot in sports medicine. Further understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the anterolateral ligament can play a guiding significance for the recovery of knee joint rotational stability.
OBJECTIVE:To systematicaly review current literature on the anterolateral ligament of the knee and to understand the incidence, anatomy, morphology and histology of the anterolateral ligament as wel as mechanism of anterolateral ligament injury.
METHODS: The first author searched the PubMed, Medline, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP databases for articles specificaly addressing the anterolateral ligament. Data extraction related to the incidence, anatomy, morphometry, biomechanics, and histology of the anterolateral ligament and its relation to the “Segond” fracture was performed. The retrieve time ranged from 1878 to 2015. Totaly 362 literatures were retrieved, including 342 articles in English and 20 in Chinese. According to inclusive and exclusive criteria, 42 articles were included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The occurrence rate of the anterolateral ligament ranges from 83% to 100%, and this range occurs because of smal discrepancies in the definition of the bony insertions of the anterolateral ligament. The anterolateral ligament originates anterior and distal to the femoral attachment of the lateral colateral ligament. It spans the joint in an oblique fashion and inserts between the fibular head and Gerdy tubercle of the tibia. Exact anatomic and morphometric descriptions vary in the literature, and there are discrepancies regarding the anterolateral ligament attachment to the capsule and lateral meniscus. The anterolaterial ligament is a contributor to the stability of tibial internal rotation, and histologicaly, it exhibits paralel, crimped fibers consistent with a ligamentous microstructure. The footprint of the anterolateral ligament has been shown to be at the exact location of the Segond fracture. The anterolateral ligament is a distinct ligamentous structure at the anterolateral plane of the knee, and it is likely involved in the control of excessive tibial internal rotation that can cause the Segond fracture.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the drying technology of Zingiber officinale peel and establish its quality standard. METHODS:Moisture content was determined in samples after being dried for different time(0.5-10.0 h)under 50,60,70,80, 90 ℃. Optimal drying time under each temperature was screened by using moisture content of 7%-13% as dryness for controlling standard. Then contents of 6-gingerol,8-gingerol,6-shogaol,10-gingerol in samples dried for optimal drying time under different temperatures were measured,using the 4 gingerol contents as indexes to optimize the drying temperature and time. And verification test was conducted. The moisture,total ash,water soluble extract,volatile oil,6-gingerol,8-gingerol and 10-gingerol of Z. offici-nale peel from 10 different producing areas were detected to establish quality standard after being dried with the optimal technology. RESULTS:The drying time of Z. officinale peel under 50,60,70,80,90 ℃ was determined as 10.0,4.2,2.6,1.5,1.1 h,re-spectively. The optimal drying technology was 50 ℃ drying for 10.0 h. Verification test showed RSDs of 6-gingerol,8-gingerol, 6-shogaol,10-gingerol contents were 1.46%,1.09%,1.35%,1.12%(n=3),respectively. The quality standard of Z. officinale peel was suggested that total ash was no more than 18.0%;water soluble extract,volatile oil,6-gingerol,8-gingerol,10-gingerol were respectively no less than 18.0%,1.30%,0.730%,0.060%,0.100%. CONCLUSIONS:The optimized drying technology of Z. officinale peel is reasonable,reliable,stable and simple,which provides a scientific basis for standardizing the drying technolo-gy and quality standard of Z. officinale peel. The established quality standard is feasible.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Diterpene Ginkgolides Meglumine Injection (DGMI) in the treatment of recovered stroke with syndrome of stagnant phlegm blocking collaterals, especially the clinical efficacy in improving the function of language and movements. Methods: The clinical trial was carried out by the methods of stratification and r andomization (416 cases of patients with atherosclerotic thrombotic cerebral infarction (ATCI) were r andomly divided into experimental and control groups by the ratio of 3:1), blindness, and positive parallel control of Shuxuening Injection (SI), and multi-center clinical study. DGMI (25 mg, 5 mL/amp) or SI (5 mL/amp) was diluted into 250 mL physiological saline, iv drip, once daily for 14 d. The dropping speed must be controlled as 10-15 drops/min for the first infusion. Results: There was statistical difference (P=0.000 1) for the variations of inducing rate of the defect extent of nervous functions before and after the treatment in the experimental and control groups. The experimental group was superior to the control group. There was no statistical difference for the variation of scales of the patient living ability in the two groups (P>0.05). For the comprehensive efficacy of cerebral infarction, the total effective rates were 85.39% and 73.27% in the experimental and control groups, respectively, with statistical difference (P=0.0001). For the efficacy of syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the total effective rates were 62.99% and 40.59% in the experimental and control groups, respectively, with the statistical difference (P=0.0001). For the single indicator of nervous functions, such as arm movements, h and movements, extremity movements, walking, as well as the syndromes of TCM, such as upper limb disable, lower limb disable, deviated tongue, aphasia, abate or deficiency of feeling, dizziness, more and turbid phlegm, abnormal tongue and pulse manifestation, the experimental group was superior to the control group with statistified difference. Conclusion: It is safe and effective for DGMI in the treatment of the syndrome of stagnant phlegm blocking collaterals in convalescence of ATCI. Meanwhile, it is also manifested that DGMI has the certain superiorities in the fields, such as improving the total score of nervous function deficiency for the patients with stroke, the nervous function, the total score of TCM syndromes, including upper limb disable, deviated tongue, dizziness, more and turbid phlegm, white coat of tongue, abnormal pulse, etc.

Objective To optimize the preparative procedure for stachydrine in Fructus Leonuri. Methods The preparation was screened by orthogonal experiment, and a mathematical model of relationship of extraction time, methanol concentration, and solid-liquid ratio with the content of stachydrine hydrochloride was established by using back-propagation (BP) neural network. And the process parameters were optimized with genetic algorithm (GA) . Results The optimum process parameters were as follows: extraction with 69% of methanol concentration and with solid-liquid ratio being 11 times for 62 min. The content of stachydrine obtained by BP neural network modeling and GA was higher than that achieved by orthogonal experiment. Conclusion The optimum preparative procedure could be achieved by combining BP modeling with GA. The model developed in this study was proved to be predictable and feasible for the optimization of process parameters of multi-dimension nonlinear system.