By retrieval and analysis of literature, the origin and connotation of the word Bentai were stated. In the early twentieth century, one Japanese scholar introduced the word into acupuncture-moxibustion. It was mostly used to explore the mechanism of acupuncture-moxibustion and acupoints through scientific research. One Chinese scholar introduced the connotation into acupuncture and moxibustion in 1940, and it was mainly expressed the essence. Professor ZHU Bing systematically discussed Bentai of acupoints from a scientific point of view. The knowledge of acupoints, however, is diverse, and there is different cognition due to multiple perspectives. Acupoints may not have unique Bentai.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; history ; Terminology as Topic

Objective:To study the inhibition of survivin expression by small interference RNA(siRNA) synthesized in vitro in renal cancer cell line 786-O. Methods:Three groups of survivin siRNAs were chemically synthesized in vitro and then transfected into cell line 786-O. The expression of survivin mRNA and protein after transfection were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western Blotting. The proliferation of cells was detected by MTT. Results:Two sequence specific siRNAs targeting survivin down-regulated the expression of survivn mRNA and protein. The proliferation of cells was inhibited after transfection. The third one was ineffective. Conclusion:Sequence specific siRNA targeting survivin can efficiently inhibit the survivin expression and cell proliferation in renal cancer cell line 786-O. The successful application of RNAi targeting survivin might extend the list of available gene therapeutic modalities in renal cancer.

Biomarkers ; Cystatin C ; blood ; Early Diagnosis ; Hepatorenal Syndrome ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Renal Artery

AIM: To evaluate and analyze the morphological property and physiological activity of cartilaginous loose bodies in the knee joint, to research the changeable mechanism of histological morphous and physiological function. METHODS: The experiment was conducted at the Department of Pathology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, the Physical Testing & Chemical Analysis Center of Anhui Medical University, and the Electron Microscope Center of Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from January 2005 to January 2006. ①Experimental samples were 30 cartilaginous loose bodies all through arthroscopy as experimental group in which Group A (less than 6 months) had 14 samples and group B (between 6 and 12 months) 10, group C (more than 12 months) 6. Another 30 control samples were originated from non-weight loading side of articular cartilage through special equipment by arthroscopy. ②All samples were carried out the morphological measurement, light and transmission electron microscope exam, Ⅱ-collagen immunohistochemical stain, the measurement of collagen, calcium and fosforus. RESULTS: ①To compare the samples in the group A and control group, they had the identical or similar morphosis, microscopic structure of chondrocyte and distribution of extracellular matrix, the statistical treatments of the content of calcium, fosforus and collagen showed that the differences of scores between two groups were not statistically significant [calcium:(3.120?0.224),(3.090?0.231) mg/g;fosforus:(0.432?0.045),(0.455?0.067) mg/g;collagen:(462.43?17.12)(466.71?14.59) mg/g]. General speaking, comparing with the control articular cartilage, the loose bodies in group A had the normal histological property and physiological activity. ②Compared with control group, the samples in group B and C had the tendency of fibrous degeneration: necrotic or degenerative chondrocytes increasing, the contents of proteoglycan and Ⅱ-collagen decreasing, the tendency in group C more than group B, but the cartilaginous loose bodies in group B and C had many active chondrocytes mainly. Total content of collagen [(441.20?16.49),(417.33?8.38) mg/g] and Ⅱ-collagen decreased, while the contents of calcium and fosforus increased [calcium: (3.696?0.442),( 6.469?0.555) mg/g;fosforus:(0.523?0.068),(0.683?0.056) mg/g]. Generally, compared with the control articular cartilage, the histological property and physiological activity of the loose bodies in groups B and C had changed. CONCLUSION: The cartilaginous loose bodies can remain its histological property and physiological activity in the knee articular cavity for a long time, but it has the tendency of disorganization and physiological activity descending as time prolongs.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of small intestinal bacteria overgrowth (SIBO)in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Methods Ninety patients with cirrhosis and 20 healthy volunteers were studied. All of them were assessed with glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT) to detect SIBO. And number connection test (NCT-A, NCT-BC) and digit symbol test (DST) were used to diagnose MHE. Results One case (5.0%) out of 20 healthy volunteers was SIBO and none was MHE,and 28 cases (31.1%) out of 90 cirrhosis patients were SIBO and 38 cases (42.2%) were MHE. Twenty-one (55.3%,21/38) cases were diagnosed as SIBO among these patients with MHE,and 7 cases (13.5%,7/52)were diagnosed as SIBO among these patients without MHE. There was significant difference between cirrhosis with MHE and cirrhosis without MHE (x2 = 17.90,P＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Patients with cirrhosis have a higher prevalence of SIBO. The incidence rate of SIBO in cirrhosis patients with MHE is more than that without MHE.

Camptothecin/*pharmacology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/*immunology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Sarcoma, Experimental/*immunology ; Transplantation, Isogeneic

Long non-coding RNAs ( lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules which are unable to codify proteins. They express abnormally in tumor cells including prostate cancer cells and play a significant role in development of tumor. Some lncRNAs have been proven to affect physiological processes of prostate cells and act as tumor suppressor or activator and could be regulated through several methods. Thus, lncRNAs have the potential to be therapeutic targets of prostate cancer. This review introduces expressed abnormally ln-cRNAs in prostate cancer and their functions and mechanisms in prostate cancer.

Objective To investigate the relationship between primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with multiple nodules and short-term recurrence after radical resection.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and follow-up of 692 consecutive HCC patients who underwent curative resection at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2000 to December 2011.The diagnosis of multiple nodules was based on preoperative imaging data and observations in operation.Results Of 692 HCC patients, 126 patients had multiple nodules (18.2％, the MN group) and 566 patients had a single nodule (71.8％, the SN group).The 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were 86.5％,72.2％, 38.1％, and 23.2％ for the MN group, and 93.8％, 82.7％, 58.2％, and 35.7％ for the SN group, respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 68.6％, 46.8％, 27.2％, and 19.8％ for the MN group, and 80.2％, 62.1％, 42.0％, and 34.6％ for the SN group, respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Cox regression model analysis showed a maximum nodule diameter of ＞ 5 cm was an independent risk factor of short-term recurrence in the MN group.Conclusions The prognosis of HCC patients with multiple nodules after radical resection was poorer and the short-term recurrence rate was significantly higher than those patients with a single-nodule.A maximum nodal diameter of ＞ 5 cm was an independent risk factor of short-term recurrence for patients with multiple nodules after radical resection.Therefore, patients with multiple nodules, especially ＞ 5 cm, should be followed up closely and they are good candidates for a multiple disciplinary team (MDT) treatment.

Heparanase (HPA) is a β-D-endoglycosidase of the only degradation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in extracellular matrix in mammals.The related studies in recent years have suggested that HPA is closely associated with the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques,and may be associated with the conversion from stable to unstable plaques.This article reviews the related studies of HPA in atherosclerosis progression,such as promoting plaque inflammatory response,synergy with proteolytic enzymes,and involving in hypercoagulable states,etc.

Objective To investigate the effects of ziprasidone on the hippocampal-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) viability and apoptosis injured.by LPS.Methods The NSCs were derived from the hippocampus of fetal rats,after the primary neurospheres passaged,the cells were treated with LPS (200 μg/L) and different concentrations of ziprasidone for 48 h or 72 h.The cell viability and the level of LDH were measured by the kit of WST-8 and LDH detected kit,respectively.Furthermore,the apoptosis rate of each dosage group was measured by using Annexin-V-FLUOS Staining Kit.Results (1) Cell viability test showed that the cell viability of LPS group (OD value,0.265± 0.047) was significantly reduced than that of sham (OD value,0.380± 0.029),LPS + 5 μM (OD value,0.316±0.008) and LPS+10 μM (OD value,0.321±0.006) group after ziprasidone treatment for 48 h.There were also significant difference of cell viability between sham,LPS+5 μM,LPS+ 10 μM and LPS group after ziprasidone treatment for 72 h.(2) LDH test showed that the LDH level of LPS group was significantly decreased than that of sham,LPS+5 μM and LPS+10 μM after 48 hour's ziprasidone treatment (P＜0.01).The LDH level of LPS group was also significantly reduced than that of sham,LPS+5 μM and LPS+10 μM after 72 hour's ziprasidone treatment (P＜ 0.01).(3) The apoptosis of LPS + 10 μM ((17.87 ± 2.29) ％),LPS + 5 μM ((18.45 ± 3.84) ％) treated group or sham group ((9.15 ± 1.54) ％) was significantly lower than LPS group ((22.67 ± 2.15)％) by using flow cytometry after 48 h treatment.Furthermore,the apoptosis of LPS+ 10 μM ((10.52± 1.42)％) treated group or sham group((8.45±1.04)％) was significantly lower than LPS group((15.70± 2.97) ％) after 72 h treatment.Conclusion The cellular damage of NSCs injured by LPS can be restrained by ziprasidone,and this effect might be one of the cellular mechanism of neural protective effect of ziprasidone.