Objective To detect neurotransmitters function in the brain and the brain functional index of outpatients with methadone maintenance treatment,and understand the change features of brain function.Methods Collect brain electrical power signals were collected from 58 outpatients with methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and 44 healthy adults,and the correlations between the power of the neurotransmitters and the brain functional status were analyzed.Results (1) In MMT group,all neurotransmitters were lower generally than those in the control group,and the differences of GABA ((17.73±3.54) μV2 vs.(121.48±44.64) iμV2,P＜0.01),Glu ((42.18±12.84) μV2 vs.(105.31 ± 34.95) μV2,P＜0.05) were significant.(2) The relative powers of GABA ((17.10±51.72) μV2 vs.(78.67± 10.93) μV2,P＜0.001) and Glu((30.48±21.61) μV2 vs.(69.23±42.26) μV2,P＜0.001) reduced significantly,while 5-HT((297.18±31.54) μ V2 vs.(280.18±31.54) μV2,P＜0.01),ACh ((235.08±37.72) μV2 vs.(217.23±40.60)μV2,P＜0.05),NE((164.11±33.05) μV2 vs (146.39±30.80) μV2,P ＜0.01),DA((98.87±22.48) μV2 vs.(91.49±21.04)μV2,P＜0.05) rised significantly in MMT group.(3)The global power was lower((1012.01± 195.09)μV2 Vs.(1775.94±458.99) μV2,P＜0.01),and the excitement-inhibition index(2.19± 1.46 vs.0.99±0.47,P＜0.001) and the relative entropy((89.45±9.71) ％ vs.(75.48±9.97) ％,P ＜0.01)were higher than those in the controls.(4) In MMT group,there were positive correlation between all neurotransmitters and global power,as well as that between Glu and excitement-inhibition index (r=0.264,P＜0.05),NE and Vasomotor index(r=0.269,P＜0.05),but negative correlation between relative entropy and 5-HT(r=-0.276,P＜0.05) as well as DA(r=-0.375,P＜0.01)significantly.Conclusion The brain function of outpatients with MMT are lower than the normal significantly,and there are clearly imbalance between the excitement and inhibition among the brain neurotransmitters.

20 mm has negative correlation with restenosis.

Objective To discuss the neuropsychological mechanism of executive control for methadone maintenance patients(MMP).Methods Using the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to reveal the time course of information processes with high temporal resolution,and exam the function of attention monitoring and response inhibition in heroin-dependent MMP.Results (l) The behavioral results: there were significant withinsubjects Stroop interference effects for the MMP and control groups (reaction time:control group' s congruent condition(766.57±75.64) ms,incongruent condition(879.52±62.31) ms,MMP group' s congruent condition (821.89±64.44) ms,incongruent condition (906.29 ± 69.46) ms,P＜ 0.001 ; error rate: control group' s congruent condition (4.15± 2.92) ％,incongruent condition (8.70 ± 6.12) ％,P＜ 0.001,MMP group' s congruent condition (12.07 ±10.80) ％,incongruent condition (16.60±12.43)％,P＜0.01).(2)ERPs data showed that MMP demonstrated significantly smaller incongruent-N2/N450/SP amplitudes than controls,and all disappearing incongruent effects in N2,N450 and SP,comparing statistically significant incongruent effects for controls in N2,N450 and SP.In MMP group,the amplitudes of N2 and N450 incongruent condition (N2 (1.40± 2.91) μV、N450 (1.29 ± 0.55) μV) were bigger than congruent condition amplitudes(N2(0.77±3.61) μV 、N450(0.83± 1.07) μV,P＜0.05),but the amplitude of SP (0.37±3.58)μV was smaller than congruent condition(1.53±3.05) μV,P＜0.001 ;in control group,the amplitudes of N2 and N450 incongruent condition((-0.30±3.45) μV,N450(1.77± 1.55)tμV) were smaller than congruent condition (N2(1.10±3.64) μV,P＜0.001； N450(2.37±2.12) μV,P＜0.05),the amplitude of SP ((1.93±1.65) μV) was bigger than congruent condition((0.98±2.02)μV,P＜0.01).Conclusion There are impaired executive control functions during the conflict monitoring process and the conflict resolution process for MMP.These results provide the neural electrophysiological evidence to explain relapse behaviors in methadone maintenance patients.

Objective To investigate the difficulties of building channel in ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Methods Surgical processes of 45 patients underwent PCNL were recorded.The difficulties and causes in building channel were analyzed.Results In the process of building channel in PCNL,60 cases of difficulties happened,41.7％ (25/60) because of depth inaccuracy of puncture and dilation,18.3％(11/60) because of angle deviation of tract dilation,15.0％(9/60) result from nondilated collecting system,13.3％(8/60) because of lacking experience in ultrasound observation.Conclusions The most often encountered difficulties is depth inaccuracy of puncture and dilation in building channel,next is angle deviation of tract dilation.To improve technique detailes is the key to gain success.

Objective To investigate the methods for localization of the lung segments on three-dimentional (3D) pulmonary perfusion SPECT/CT imaging.Methods Twelve healthy adults were recruited into this study.Lung segments were defined based on the anatomical criteria of CT on transaxial, sagittal and coronal images, including apical, posterior, anterior segments in right upper lobe ( RUL), lateral, medial segments in right middle lobe ( RML), superior, anterior basal, lateral basal, posterior basal segments in right lower lobe (RLL); apical posterior, anterior, superior lingual, inferior lingual segments of left upper lobe ( LUL), superior, medioanterior basal, lateral basal, posterior basal segments of left lower lobe (LLL).Results (1) Eleven typical sections were selected on transaxial SPECT pulmonary perfusion imaging:sternoclavicular joint, supra-arch vessels, aortic arch, azygous arch, right upper lobar bronchus, left upper lobar bronchus, middle lobar or lingual bronchus, basal trunk of bronchus, lower lobar vein, superior and inferior basal vein and basal vein.(2) Twelve typical sections were defined on sagittal imaging:left hilum, bifurcation of left principal bronchus, septa of left pulmonary artery, cardiac apex, the first and second sections left to cardiac apex; right hilum, bifurcation of intermite bronchus, interlobar artery, bifurcation of interlobar artery, the second and third sections right to right atrium.(3) Seven typical sections were defined on coronal imaging:sternoclavicular joint, ascending aorta, bifurcation of pulmonary artery, bifurcation of trachea, intermite bronchus, basal vein and thoracic aorta.Conclusion The developed method was able to localize lung segments on pulmonary perfusion SPECT imaging.

Objective To investigate the effect of intraperitoneal local anesthetic on patients undergone laparoscopic cholecysteetomy (LC).Methods Thirty-six patients (ASAⅠ-Ⅱ),who were undergoing selective LC were randomly divided into there groups.GroupⅠreceived preoperational anesthetic spary with 30 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine.GroupⅡwas given the anesthetic at a same dosage after the operation.While groupⅢwas set as a control by using 0.9% NaCl instead of ropivacaine.The LC was completed under general anesthesia.After the operation,visual analog scale (VAS) was recorded at 6,24,and 48 hours to evaluate the degree of postoperative pain.Meanwhile,the number of the patients who received anesthetics after the surgery,as well as the incidence rates shoulder or back pain and nausea or vomiting were recorded.Results Postoperative VAS of the groupⅠwas significantly lower than that of the other two groups,while the VAS of groupⅡwas significantly lower than that in groupⅢ(both P0.05). Conclusions Intraperitoneal local anesthetic can significantly reduce postoperative pain after LC.It is more effective to give local anesthetic at the end of the procedure than using it before operation.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of high-glucose-induced injury to human peritoneal mesothelial cells(HPMC). Methods (1)The cultured HPMCs were exposed to culture medium containing different concentrations of glucose(1. 5% , 2. 5% , 4. 25% )for 48 hours and 4. 25% mannitol and normal culture medium were as control. Then apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity was measured by ApoAlert?CPP33/Caspase-3 Assay kits. (2) The cultured HPMCs were exposed to 4.25% glucose culture medium containing different concentrations of caspases inhibitor, Z-VAD. fmk (25, 50, 100 ?mol/L) for 48 hours and 4. 25% glucose culture medium containing DMSO was as control. Then apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity was measured by ApoAlert?CPP33/ Caspase-3 Assay kits as well. Results (1) Glucose increased caspase-3 activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared to control, caspase-3 activity was significantly higher in 4. 25% glucose group and 2. 5% glucose group, but not significantly different in 1. 5% glucose group and 4. 25% mannitol group. (2) Apoptotic rate of HPMC was significantly lower in Z-VAD. fmk group than that in control. Z-VAD. fmk decreased the number of apoptotic cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, caspase-3 activity of HPMC was significantly lower in Z-VAD. fmk group than that in control. Conclutions (1) High-glucose can induce apoptosis and caspase-3 activation of HPMC in a dose-dependent manner. (2) Z-VAD. fmk inhibits high glucose-induced apoptosis of HPMC in a dose-dependent manner. (3)High glucose induces apoptosis of human peritoneal mesothelial cells by caspase-3 activation.

Objective To investigate the influence of impulsivity on the functions of the conflict monitoring and the conflict resolution process for heroin addicts.Methods 80 heroin addicts were drawn randomly using simple random sampling method and finished Opioid Addiction Severity Inventory ( OASI ) and Barratt Impulsivity Scale ( BIS-11) .High impulsivity group( 7 females of 22) and low impulsivity group (8 females of 21) were divided according to 27%of the total BIS-11score followed the grouping method in psychometrics.Then the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique with the classical color-word Stroop task was used to reveal the influence of impulsivity on the executive function for heroin addicts.Results ( 1) The scores of motor impulsivity(23.00±1.73) and no-plan impulsivity(27.77±3.22) were higher in high im-pulsivity group than those in low impulsivity group(19.31±2.80,23.38±3.59)(P<0.01);and there was posi-tive correlation between impulsivity and addiction severity( r=0.415, P<0.05).(2) The behavioral data showed significant Stroop interference effects in both groups(P<0.01).(3) ERPs data showed that there were significant incongruent-N450 and SP effects in the low impulsivity group,whereas incongruent N450 and SP effects disappeared in high impulsivity group ( Low impulsivity group incongruent vs congruent condition N450:(2.82±3.09)μV vs (4.51±2.77)μV, P<0.05; SP:(3.54±1.25)μV vs (2.84±1.03)μV, P<0.05;High impulsivity group incongruent vs congruent condition N450:(4.98±4.10)μV vs (3.39±3.31)μV, P<0.05;SP:(3.43±3.84)μV vs (4.66±4.53)μV, P<0.05).Conclusion The brain time-interval change of executive function such as the conflict monitoring and the conflict resolution process is influenced by the im-pulsivity levels of heroin addicts.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of uracil,hypoxanthine,xanthine,uridine and adenosine in Eisenia foetida. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Venusil XBP C18 with mobile phase of 50%methanol-0.01 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wave-length was 254 nm with a column temperature at 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.05-1.60 μg for uracil(r=0.9991),0.05-1.60 μg for hypoxanthine(r=0.9993),0.002-0.010 μg for xanthine(r=0.9991), 0.0075-0.24 μg for uridine(r=0.9999)and 0.0250-0.80 μg for adenosine(r=0.9990);RSDs of precision,stability and accuracy tests were lower than 3%;recoveries were 98.30%-100.76%(RSD=0.8%,n=9),98.68%-100.96%(RSD=0.8%,n=9), 95.16%-97.67%(RSD=0.9%,n=9),96.15%-99.57%(RSD=1.5%,n=9)and 96.39%-101.93%(RSD=1.8%,n=9),respective-ly. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and stable with good reproducibility,and can be used for the simultaneous determina-tion of uracil,hypoxanthine,xanthine,uridine and adenosine in E. foetida.

Objective: To investigate the effects of preconditioning with lithium on the expressions of HSP70 in gerbil after global ischemia. Methods: The transient ischemia model of gerbil global was established by clamping the bilateral common carotid arteries for 5 min.36 gerbils were randomly divided into group lithium(n=18) and group control(n=18).Gerbils in group lithium were injected with lithium intraperitoneally,5 mmol/kg,once a day for 5 consecutive days.Normal saline was used instead of lithium in group control as vehicle control.Both group lithium and control underwent ischemia after preconditioning,and were then further divided into three subgroups(n=6,in each subgroup).The garbles in lithium 1 or control 1 subgroup were sacrificed 1 day after ischemi;lithium 3 or control 3 sacrificed in 3 days;and lithium 7 or control 7 were sacrificed in 7 days.The brains were made into paraffin sections and were used for immunohistochemistry against HSP70. Results: Compared with the vehicle control,the HSP70 expression in subgroup lithium1 was inhibited in the hippocampus CA1(P