OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and regularity of ADR in secondary-level hospitals and above in Xi’an in order to provide reference for clinical drug use. METHODS:During Oct. 2012-Jun. 2014,1 372 ADR cases reported in 36 hospitals at secondary-level or above in Xi’an were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS:Among 1 372 cases of ADR reports,the incidence of ADR in the above 60 age group occupied the highest percentage,being 29.67%(407 cases);ADR reports were most likely caused by antibacterial drugs,accounting for 45.77%,followed by TCM injections(15.82%)and circulatory system drugs(9.55%);the largest number of ADR reports was caused by injections(1 210 cases,88.19%);the main types of ADR were lesion of skin and its appen-dents,accounting for 44.16%. The most number of ADR was induced by Levofloxacin injection,involving 95 cases. CONCLU-SIONS:Mastering the characteristics and regularity of ADR help managers to standardize clinical rational drug use and ensure patients’ medication safety.

Objective To study the effect of nasal decontamination on clinical index of elderly patients with long -term indwelling nasogastric tube.Methods 89 elderly patients with long -term indwelling nasogastric tube were randomly divided into nasal decontamination group and routine treatment group.The sputum culture positive rate of bacterial and the incidence of pulmonary complications,pharyngitis,sinusitis of the two groups were observed. Results Sputum Staphylococcus aureus positive rates in the nasal decontamination group and conventional group were 13.043% (6 cases)and 39.535% (17 cases)respectively,the difference was significant(χ2 =8.139,P =0.004).The incidence rates of pulmonary infection in the nasal decontamination group and conventional group were 4.348% (2 cases)and 18.605% (8 cases)respectively,the difference was significant(χ2 =4.529,P =0.033). The incidence rates of pharyngitis in the nasal decontamination group and conventional group were 10.870%(5 cases)and 37.209% (16 cases) respectively,the difference was significant (χ2 =8.553,P =0.003 ). Conclusion Nasal decontamination can decrease the positive rate of sputum bacterial culture,the incidence of pulmonary infection and pharyngitis in elderly patients with long -term indwelling nasogastric tube.For its efficacy and safety,it deserves clinical application.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of SEN virus(SENV)infection in patients with chronic hepatitis gravis before and after plasma exchange,and its influences on liver function.Methods Two subtypes of SENV,SENV-D and SENV-H were detected in sera from 40 patients with chronic hepatitis gravis before and after plasma exchange.The changes of liver function were also tested before and after plasma exchange.Data analysis was done by t test and ehi-square test.Results Among 40 patients with chronic hepatitis gravis,SENV-D positive rates before and after plasma exchange were 27.5%(11/40)and 42.5%(17/40),respectively,and SENV-H positive rates before and after plasma exchange were 27.5%(11/40)and 50.0%(20/40),respectively,which were all significantly different(X2=4.17,X2=7.11,both P<0.05)between before plasma exchange and after plasma exchange.And after the treatment of plasma exchange,serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)level was(164±75)U/L in SENV positive patients,which was significantly higher than that in SENV negative patients[(48±12)U/L,t=3.13,P<0.05].But there were no significant differences of other liver function indexes between SENV positive and negative groups.Condusions SENV can be transmitted via plasma exchange.SENV coinfection may influence the restoration of liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis gravia after the treatment of plasma exchange.

Objective To explore miR-21 regulation of Smad7 in lung cancer A549 cell line as well as its impact on the proliferation of lung cancer A549 cell line. Methods miR-21 mimic and inhibitors in lung cancer A549 cell line were transfected by using Lipofectamine 2000 Reagent. After 48 h, Western blot and qRT-PCR were applied to assess the expression of protein and mRNA of Smad7 . MTT assay was used to determine the proliferation influence of the transfected lung cancer A549 cell line. Results Western blot and qRT-PCR showed that A549 cell trans-fected miR-21 mimic exhibited down-regulated Smad7 protein and mRNA expression, and A549 cell transfected miR-21 inhibitor exhibited up-regulated Smad7 protein and mRNA expression. The A549 cell proliferation activity decreased significantly after transfected miR-21 inhibitors. Conclusion miR-21 inhibitors can increase Smad7 pro-tein and mRNA expression, and suppress the proliferation activity of lung cancer A549 cell significantly.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of UbcH10 in gastric cancer.Methods The expression of UbcH10 in 117 cases of gastric carcinoma tissues,who were followed up postoperatively,were detected by using immunohistochemistry; The expression among different histological grades and clinical stages are analyzed by statistics; Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Rt PCR) and Western blot method were used to detect the expressions of UbcH10 mRNA and protein in 43 cases of gastric carcinoma tissues and the cancer adjacent normal tissues.Results In paraffin fixed blocks of gastric cancer,positive rate of UbcH10 protein expression was higher than normal gastric tissues (83％ vs 55％,Rs =-0.397,P＜0.01).The difference of UbcH10 expression was not significant in gender,age,tumor site and size of the tumor(Rs =0.369,-0.378,-0.276,0.421,P ＜ 0.05),while it was significantly correlated to tumor differentiation,invasive depth,lymphatic metastasis and clinical stage (Rs =0.369,-0.378,-0.276,0.421,P ＜0.05).UbcH10 and Ki-67 protein and HER-2 expression were in significantly positive correlation (Rs =0.834,Rs =0.281,P ＜ 0.01).UbcH10 mRNA and protein expression in fresh gastric carcinoma tissues was higher than that in their corresponding adjacent normal tissues(ACt =32.2±5.19,4.69 ±1.26,t =26.8,P＜0.01),(0.74±0.45,0.11 ±0.04,t =8.09,P＜0.01).The -5 year patient's survival rate in UbcH10 highly-expressed gastric cancer was higher compared to those with UbcH10 low-expression(x2 =13.116,P ＜0.01).Conclusions UbcH10 is upregulated in gastric cancer,and expression of UbcH10 is closely related to the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

The infrastructure of in vitro cultured exoerythrocytic stage (EE) of Plasmodium ber-ghei (P.b.)was observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM).The drug sensitivity of EE was also measured in vitro.The EE was cultured in monolayer host cell,fixed and embeded in situ.The ultrathin sections were prepared and examined by routine methods.The TEM pictures showed that the fine structure of in vitro cultured EE was similar with that of EE grown in rat hepatocytes in vivo,as described by Meis et al.The parasite was found within a parasitophorous vacuole,with nucleus,mitochondria,endoplasmic reticuia and Golgi apparatus were observed inside the parasite.After 24h cultivation,the EE was incubated for 48h in medium containing a serial concentrations of primaquine or chlo-roquine,then examined under light microscope.The percentage of abnormal parasites was calculated.The preliminary results showed that the sensitivity of cultured P.b.EE to primaquine and chloroquine was significantly different.At the same concentration of 1?10-5 mol/L,the percentage of abnormal parasites was 38.5?3.9% and 5.7?1.9% ,respectively These results demonstrated that the in vitro cultivation system of P.b.EE would have potential utility in antimalarial drug research.(Figs.1-6)

Objective To establish a bladder cancer MDR cell line by gene transfection and to lay a foundation for the research of occurrence and reversion mechanisms of MDR. Methods The invasive bladder cancer T24 cells were transfected with mdr1 cDNA by cationic liposome (DOTAP) introduced gene transfection.The adriamycin (ADM) resistant cells were screened as MDR cells,named TADM. The MDR phenotype of TADM was identified by MTT, immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence,flow cytometry,PCR and RT PCR. Results The relative resistant index of TADM was 41.6,mdr1 cDNA being integrated into the genome of T24.As a result,the expression of P gp and mdr1 mRNA in TADM increased. Conclusions The integration of mdr1 cDNA into the T24 cells greatly increases the expression of P gp.TADM cells manifests excellent MDR phenotype.The establishment of MDR cell lines by gene tranfection has the benefits of less time consuming,stronger drug resistivity and more stable.

Objective To evaluate the use of flexible cystoscope in the surgical management of complex renal calculi. Methods Flexible cystoscope and a set of stone baskets were used to help the surgical of complex renal calculi via the renal pelvis incision or the dilated ureter during operation.A pyelostomy with the use of a Foley's catheter was carried out if necessary and the residual stones could be removed via the pyelostomy tract later on. Results 31 cases of complex renal stones have been surgically treated.Flexible cystostomy was used intraoperatively in 11,postoperatively for the removal of residual stones in 16 and being used both intra and postoperatively in 4.A total of 106 stones have been removed.26 patients ( 83.9 %) have been free from any stone.2(6.4%) have undergone ESWL followed by flexible cystoscopy to remove the residual stones.3 patients (9.7%),however,still had residual stones in spite of the above procedure. Conclusions Flexible cystoscopy as an adjuvant procedure is an effective means in the surgical treatment of complex renal calculi especially for the removal of residual stones.The procedure is simple,safe and less expansive.

Objective To compare the different effects of different titanic parameters on the expression of long-term potentiation (LTP) and to determine the optimal patterns of tetanizing stimulation in hippocampal CA1 area in adult male rats. Methods Four tetanic parameters of 100Hz were used in the experiment. Tetanus 1 was a short burst of stimulus composed of 60 pulses, which were divided into 5 sets, each set including 4-pulses-bursts. The inter-burst intervals are lengthened gradually, 1s, 5s, 30s, 10min in sequence. Tetanus 2 was a long burst of stimulus composed of 300 pulses in all, each burst including 20 pulses. The inter-burst interval is 2s, and tetanus 3 is also a short burst of stimulus composed of 15 bursts, each burst including 4 pulses. The inter-burst interval is 2s and tetanus 4 is a single train of burst composed of 60 pulses. The field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in hippocampal CA1 area were evoked by stimulating the Schaffer collateral fibers in the stratum radiatum and the expressions of LTP induced by the four parameters were evaluated. Results The amplitude and incidence of LTP induced by tetanus 1 were higher than those induced by the other three parameters. There was no statistical significance between the responses induced by the other three parameters. Both tetanus 1 and tetanus 3 could lead to long-lasting-LTP (LL-LTP, over 3h). Conclusion A high frequency stimulus with 200ms-inter-burst interval (theta frequency) is better in the induction of LTP in hippocampal CA1 area. A short burst of stimulus with 100Hz can evoke the expression of LL-LTP in hippocampal CA1 area.

RAPD analysis of eight soy sauce strains isolated from commercial soy sauce koji was done with random primers,using Aspergillus oryzae AS3.951 and Aspergillus sojae AS3.495 as controls.Six appropriate primers(Primer1,Primer5,Primer6,Primer7,Primer8,Primer9)for RAPD-PCR were screened from nine random primers,and repetitive experiments demonstrated that their RAPD-PCR polymorphic patterns were stable.There were usually 4～8 bands in their RADP-PCR patterns,where the number of the main bands was 1～4 and the secondary bands were abundant.The phylogenetic tree of these strains was reconstructed according to their RAPD-PCR patterns,and it basically corresponded to traditional morphological taxology,demonstrating that the application of RAPD molecular marker in the phylogenetic analysis of soy sauce strains was feasible.