Heparanase (HPA) is a β-D-endoglycosidase of the only degradation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in extracellular matrix in mammals.The related studies in recent years have suggested that HPA is closely associated with the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques,and may be associated with the conversion from stable to unstable plaques.This article reviews the related studies of HPA in atherosclerosis progression,such as promoting plaque inflammatory response,synergy with proteolytic enzymes,and involving in hypercoagulable states,etc.

Objective To evaluate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in histological grading and staging of follicular lymphoma (FL) and prediction of prognosis after first-line treatment.Methods From May 2007 to April 2013,24 patients (11 males,13 females; median age 55 years) with histopathological proof of FL were retrospectively studied.All patients were evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT before the first-line treatment and were divided into indolent FL and aggressive FL according to their histological grades and clinical stages.The sensitivity,specificity and SUVmax were calculated.Analysis of variance of factorial design was used to analyze the data.Within the same study period,18F-FDG PET/CT was also performed in 16 FL patients (9 males,7 females; median age 50.5 years) after first-line treatment (7/16 patients belonged to the aforementioned group with pretreatment PET/CT performed) ; and they were then divided into PET/CTpositive and PET/CT-negative groups.All 16 patients were followed for 6-49 months to evaluate the prognosis.The rates of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated.Results (1)The sensitivities of PET/CT in indolent and aggressive FL were 92.3％ (12/13) and 100％ (11/11),respectively.The SUVmax was 5.26± 1.70 vs 9.54±5.09 (F=5.196,P＜0.05).(2) According to PET/CT,3patients(12.5％,3/24) were upstaged from Ⅰ-Ⅱ to Ⅲ-Ⅳ,and 2 patients(8.3％,2/24) were downstaged from Ⅲ-Ⅳ to Ⅰ-Ⅱ.The SUVmax of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ FL was 5.22±2.92 and 8.04±4.46(F=2.904,P＞0.05).(3)For the 16 FL patients with PET/CT after first-line treatment,the negative and positive groups had different OS and PFS.The 6-month OS,1-year OS and 3-year OS were 100％(13/13),9/9,4/5,respectively for the negative group,and 2/3,2/3,1/2,respectively for the positive group; while the corresponding 6-month PFS,1-year PFS and 3-year PFS were 92.3 ％ (12/13),8/9,3/5 and 2/3,0/3,0/2,respectively.Conclusions 18F-FDG PET/CT is valuable in the evaluation of histological grading and clinical staging of FL patients and in the prediction of prognosis after fist-line treatment.

This study was aimed to observe the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) treatment on Zhong-Xiao (ZX, T2MD) with obesity. A total of 203 patients with ZX accompanied with obesity accepted EA treatment. Before and after 3-month treatment, observations were made on patients' fasting blood glucose (FBS), fasting insulin (FINS), in-sulin sensitivity index (ISI), insulin resistance index (Homa-IR), insulin secretion index (Homa-β), degree of obesity (A), body mass (Kg), body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (F%) changes. The results showed that com-pared with pretreatment, the posttreatment FINS, Homa-IR, FBS had a significant decrease among 203 patients (P<0.01); the ISI and Homa-β had a significant increase (P < 0.01). There was a significant statistical difference on islet β-cell function before and after treatment. The A, body mass, BMI, and F% were significantly decreased (P<0.01). It was concluded that EA can significantly correct ZX with obesity patients' glucose consumption, protect the islet β-cell function, and reduce the body mass of patients.

Objective:To explore the correlation among ECG indexes,myocardial enzyme peak and short term cardi-ac function in patients with acute anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods:A total of 150 pa-tients with acute anterior STEMI were selected from our hospital.According to left ventricular ejection fraction af-ter three months (3m LVEF),they were divided into cardiac dysfunction group (n=78,LVEF<50%)and normal cardiac function group (n= 72,LVEF≥ 50%).Following indexes were compared between two groups,including sum of ST elevation extent (ΣST),R wave (ΣR),Q wave (ΣQ),maximum value of ST elevation (STm)and Q wave (Qm)etc.on infarct related leads,and peak value of creatine kinase (CKm),CK isoenzyme (CK-MBm)and cardiac troponin T (cTnTm)etc.Results:Compared with normal cardiac function group,there were significant rise in ΣST,ΣQ,STm,Qm,CKm,CK-MBm,cTnTm,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd),3mLVEDd and significant reduction in ΣR and LVEF,3mLVEF in cardiac dysfunction group,P <0.05 or <0.01;Spearman correlation analysis indicated that ΣST,ΣQ,STm,Qm,CKm,CK-MBm and cTnTm were positively correlated with 3m LVEDd (r =0.18~0.63,P <0.05 or <0.01),and inversely correlated with 3m LVEF (r =-0.88~-0.42, P <0.01 all).ΣR was inversely correlated with LVEDd and 3m LVEDd (r =-0.46、-0.51,P <0.01 both),and positively correlated with LVEF and 3m LVEF (r =0.81,0.71,P <0.01 both).Conclusion:In patients with ante-rior STEMI,the higher ST elevation,the higher Q wave,the lower R wave,the higher myocardial enzyme peak is, the poorer short term cardiac function is.

Objective: To study the effect of different dietary fatty acid compositions on breast tumors induced by methyl-nitrosourea(MNU) in rats. Method: Female SD rats were fed diets containing 15% fat (wt/wt) in the experimental period. At age of 50d, rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups and each group was suldivided into tumor group and control group. The tumor group was given a single ip injection of MNU (50 mg/kg bw) and switched to one of 8 different diets containing following fatty acids: saturated fatty acid(SFA); monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA); n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA); n-3 PUFA; 1∶1 n-6/n-3; 5∶1 n-6/n-3; 10∶1 n-6/n-3; 1∶2∶1 S/M/P(n-6/n-3 at 1∶1) for 18w. The control groups received the physiological saline only. The weight growth, mammary tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity, and tumor latency were observed. Results: Except the weight growth was arrested in rats fed on n-3 PUFA 6w later, there was no significant difference in weight growth among the other groups. Additionally, there was no mammary tumor occurrence in control groups, but in model groups, the incidence of mammary tumors in rats fed on SFA, MUFA, n-6 PUFA,5∶1 n-6/n-3, 10∶1 n-6/n-3 and 1∶2∶1 S/M/P diets was twice higher than that in rats fed on 1∶1 n-6/n-3 diet, although there was also no tumorin rats fed on n-3 PUFA diet. Moreover, tumor multiplicity in rats fed on 1∶1 n-6/n-3 diet was obviously decreased in comparison with those groups, and tumor latency was prolonged too. Conclusion: The different dietary fatty acid compositions can diversely influence MNU-induced breast tumors incidence in rats and 1∶1 n-6/n-3 has obvious inhibitory effect.

Objective:Cluster and discriminant analysis of the morphological characters of Angle's Class Ⅱ malocclusion was performed using Procrusts standardization.The classification of craniofacial morphology with the help of morphometry and multivariate statistics was also discussed.Methods: A total of 894 class Ⅱ patients were collected from the orthodontic department,Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology during 1997-2000.Using Procrusts standardization and cluster analysis,the samples were divided into different groups,discrimination equations were then established.Results: The samples were divided into 11 subdivisions by Procrusts superimposition and cluster analysis.Three discrimination equations were established.The accuracy rate of cross-validated grouped cases was 80.17%.Conclusion: Procrusts standardization had certain advantages in morphological classification;cluster analysis could be used in classification of Angle class Ⅱ malocclusion;For different types,the differentiate rate was not the same;the discrimination equations was the foundation for future research.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Edema ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Suture Techniques ; Vocal Cords ; surgery

Objective To establish the quality standard for Yangxue Yishen Capsules. Methods Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Herba Epimedii and Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae in the formula were identified qualitatively by TLC. The content of Astragaloside IV was determined by HPLC-ELSD method. The Diamonsil C18(2) column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (33∶67) with 1.0 mL/min flow rate at 35 ℃. The temperature of drift tube for ELSD was 105 ℃, the air flow rate was 2.7 L/min. Results The TLC displayed clear spots on their right positions repeatedly. The linear range of Astragaloside IV was 0.397 0-5.955 0 μg (r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 102.0%, RSD was 1.5% (n=6). Conclusion The method is simple and quick. It can be used as quality control method of Yangxue Yishen Capsules.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of ACD-A solution as anticoagulant during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in high risk of bleeding patients.Methods Forty high risk bleeding patients on continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) were randomly divided into two groups:ACD-A group (22 patients,61 cases) and heparin-free group (18 patients,47 cases).Serum creatinine,function of the coagulation system,electrolyte and acid-base were monitored pre-and post-CVVH.The vital signs of the patients during treatment,dialyser clotting and the incidence of bleeding episodes were recorded.Results (1) The serum level of creatinine decreased significantly after treatment in both groups,but the rate of decrease was obviously higher in ACD-A group than that in heparin-free group[(55.4± 10.2)％ vs (42.0±5.2)％,P=0.031].(2) The average duration of CVVH treatment was (17.3±3.8) h in ACD-A group and (9.7±4.5) h in heparin-free group.There was significant difference between them (P =0.019).The frequency of dialyzer clotting was much higher in heparin-free group than that in ACD-A group (88％ vs 4.9％,P ＜ 0.001).(3) There was no significant difference in the function of the coagulation system between pre-and post-CVVH in either group (P ＞ 0.05).(4) Electrolyte,acid-base and glucose tended to be stable during the treatment in ACD -A group.(5) The vital signs were kept stable and no bleeding episodes were found in all patients of two groups.Conclusions Anticoagulation with ACD-A is safe,effective and convenient for CRRT in critically ill patients at high risk of bleeding.The occurrence of complications can be reduced by configurating appropriate replacement fluid and close laboratory monitoring.

Objective To analyze the electrophysiologie characteristics of critical illness of polyneuromyopathy ( CIPM ) and its effect on the duration of usage of mechanical ventilation. Methods Denmark Keypoint 4-electromyogram was utilized to record electraneurophysiology on 17 subjects with lung infection and respiratory failure who were treated with mechanical ventilation over 1 week and had difficulty in weaning from the ventilator in intensive care unit. Electrophysiology character of CIPM was described and the duration of mechanical ventilation of CIPM patients was compared with non-CIPM subjects. ResultsOf the 17 cases, 9 subjects were diagnosed with CIPM including 6 patients with critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP), and 3 patients with critical illness myopathy (CIM), the 2 subtype of CIPM. Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and sympathetic skin response (SSR) in all of CIPM patients were abnormaL Though the amplitude of sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) in patients with CIP was reduced, nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was normal in all of them. Repetitive nerve stimulation, somatosensory evoked potential and blink reflex were normal in all of the patients with CIPM, however, the rate of occurrence of F wave was reduced in 2 patients with CIP and in 2 patients with CIM. The median and quartile range of duration of mechanical ventilation in CIPM patients was 30. 0 days (20. 0--45.0 days), significantly longer than13.5 days (9.5--17.5 days) in non-CIPM patients (U=7.500,P=0.006). ConclusionsThe ehctrophysiology change in patients with CIPM is characterized by reduced amplitude of CMAP and (or) SNAP, normal NCV and abnormal SSR. The duration of mechanical ventilation is significantly prolonged in CIPM patients.