Objective To study the protective effect of compound raspberry seed powder on acute irradiated rat .Methods Totally forty Wistar rats were randomized divided into four groups:normal control group, radiation group, vitamin group, compound raspberry seed powder group . The drugs were intragastrically administrated for 7 days.On 8th day, the rats in each group except control were irradiated with 8 Gy X-rays.24 h after irradiation, all rats were sacrificed and its WBC, PLT, superoxide dismutases (SOD), malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in serum were detected, the DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes ( PBL ) was measured with the single cell gel electrophoresis technique.Results Compared with radiation alone group , the quantities of WBC, PLT, the activity of SOD, the content of MDA and the activity of GSH-PX in the vitamin group and compound raspberry seed powder group were significantly improved(F=14.869, 6.376, 7.705, 3.851, 3.134, P<0.05).The DNA damage in PBL of radiation alone group was more severe than that of other three groups ( F=5.493, P<0.05) .Conclusions Raspberry seed powder is effective in radiation protection .

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the transluminal radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for malignant esophageal obstruction.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 52 patients with malignant esophageal obstruction who underwent transluminal RFCA at the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Science between March 2013 and March 2016 were collected.Patients received the bipolar radiofrequency ablation (RFA) under dualchannel endoscopy and X-ray.Observation indicators:(1) intra-and post-operative situations:operation situations,operation time,time of RFA,postoperative complications and duration of postoperative hospital stay,(2) follow-up.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect the subsequent treatment,survival of patients and recurrence of esophageal obstruction up to June 2016.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as average (range).Results (1) Intra-and post-operative situations:52 patients underwent successful RFCA,without the occurrence of aspiration,asphyxia,hemorrhage and perforation.Esophageal obstruction was disappeared after treatment,X-ray findings showed a smooth esophagus.Average operation time and time of RFCA were respectively 58 minutes (range,20-71 minutes) and 23 minutes (range,8-42 minutes).Patients took liquid food at postoperative day 2 and normal food at postoperative day 3,without the sensations of esophageal obstruction.Of 52 patients,1 with postoperative hypotension returned to normal level through rehydration and increasing blood volume.Five patients with postoperative substernal pain were improved after 2-day symptomatic treatment.And other 46 patients didn't have postoperative complications.Average duration of postoperative hospital stay was 3 days (range,1-5 days).(2)Follow-up:52 patients were followed up for 3-24 months,with a median time of 13 months.Of 52 patients,17 underwent single intravascular interventional therapy,15 underwent intravascular interventional therapy combined with single systemic chemotherapy,14 underwent single systemic chemotherapy and other 6 didn't undergo antineoplastic therapy.During the follow-up,9 patients didn't have esophageal obstruction and 26 were complicated with esophageal obstruction again.Esophageal obstruction of 26 patients was respectively occurred at 3-8 months postoperatively,20 patients were improved after bipolar transluminal RFCA under dual-channel endoscopy and X-ray and 6 received parenteral nutrition support therapy due to extreme exhaustion.Seventeen patients died of cachexia caused by terminal malignant tumors.Conclusion Transluminal RFCA is safe and effective for malignant esophageal obstruction,with a good short-term outcome.

BACKGROUND:Hemostatic dressing can directly contact with the body tissues on the wound surface. The biocompatibility is one of the important indicators of evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of dressing. The hemostatic dressing prepared with calcium alginate as raw material has become a research focus owing to its low cost and good compatibility. OBJECTIVE:To observe the cytotoxicity of calcium alginate hemostatic dressings and to compare the cytotoxicity between calcium alginate hemostatic dressing and gelatin hemostatic sponge, absorbing cotton, ordinary gauze. METHEDS:Leaching solution method: the DMEM high glucose culture solution was taken as the leaching medium. The calcium alginate hemostatic dressing, gelatin hemostatic sponge, absorbing cotton and ordinary gauze leaching solution were respectively prepared. Five concentration gradients of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 50% were set. The fibroblast cels of L-929 mouse were cultured for 24 hours with the above material leaching solution. The volume fraction of 10% DMEM high glucose culture medium was taken as control group, and DMEM high glucose culture medium containing 5% DMSO was taken as positive control group to observe the cel proliferation and morphological changes. Direct contact method: The fibroblast cels of L-929 mouse were respectively seeded in calcium alginate hemostatic dressing, gelatin hemostatic sponge, absorbing cotton and ordinary gauze and cultured for 24 hours. The changes in cel morphology were observed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Leaching solution method: The cytotoxicity of alginate fiber hemostatic dressing, gauze, absorbing cotton leaching solution with different concentration gradients was grade 1, which was in line with GB/T16886/ ISO10993 biological evaluation standard of medical apparatus and instruments. The cytotoxicity of 100%, 75% gelatin hemostatic sponge extract solution was grade 3, causing severe inhibition of cel proliferation. Direct contact method: The cytotoxicity of gauze and alginate fiber hemostatic dressing was grade 1, absorbing cotton was grade 2, gelatin hemostatic sponge was grade 3. These results demonstrate that calcium alginate hemostatic dressing has no cytotoxicity.

Objective: To study the adscription of plasma effective constituents of rat after oral administration of alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera.Methods: Based on the established HPLC analytical method of plasma effective constituents,analysis and comparison were carried out among HPLC profi les of plasma samples obtained after oral administration of alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera,blank plasma,alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera.Results: Sixteen compounds were detected under the method,three of them were architypes of compound contained in alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera,and the others were metabolites.Through the comparison of the UV spectra,seven metabolites remain essential structure because the max wavelength was same to the architypes’,the other six metabolites’ structure changed greatly.Conclusion: Through the study of the adscription of plasma effective constituents of rat after oral administration of alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera,the structure of metabolites can be conjectured,which may be helpful to study the ADME and mechanism of action.

Objective To investigate the impact of adding folic acid and vitamin B12 combined with standard antihypertensive medication on plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA),serum NO and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) of essential hypertensive patients.Methods One hundred and fifty-six patients with essential hypertension were divided into control group and experimental group with 78 cases by random digits table method.Control group received conventional antihypertensive therapy,while experimental group were treated with folic acid and vitamin B12 based on the treatment of control group.Plasma Hcy and ADMA,serum NO and eNOS levels were observed at baseline 2 and 12 weeks after treatment.Results In control group,the level of Hcy and ADMA showed no significant difference before and 2,12 weeks after treatment (P ＞ 0.05).The level of Hcy and ADMA before treatment was significantly higher than that 2,12 weeks after treatment in experimental group (P＜ 0.05).The level of NO and eNOS 12 weeks after treatment in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group[(77.35 ± 9.55)μmol/L vs.(64.26 ± 11.49) μ mol/L,(30.05 ±6.88) μ mol/L vs.(19.92 ± 10.24) μ mol/L,P ＜ 0.05].The level of ADMA was positively correlated with Hcy at baseline(r =0.612,P ＜ 0.05),and was negatively correlated with NO and eNOS (r =-0.557,-0.529,P ＜0.05).Conclusions Supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B12 helps to improve endothelial function and reduce plasma Hcy and ADMA levels as well as improve serum NO and eNOS levels in patients with essential hypertension,which helps to prevent from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents.

Functional analysis concisely summarizes and concentrates on the therapeutic characteristics and features of Chinese herbal medicine. Standardization of the terms for Chinese herbal functions not only plays a key role in modern research and development of Chinese herbal medicine, but also has far-reaching clinical applications. In this paper, a new method for standardizing the terms for Chinese herbal function was proposed. Firstly, functional targets were collected. Secondly, the pathological conditions and the mode of action of every functional target were determined by analyzing the references. Thirdly, the relationships between the pathological condition and the mode of action were determined based on Chinese medicine theory and data. This three-step approach allows for standardization of the terms for Chinese herbal functions. Promoting the standardization of Chinese medicine terms will benefit the overall clinical application of Chinese herbal medicine.

Objective To investigate the best protocol of liver 31 P MR spectroscopy . Methods The 31 P MRS was performed using 1.5T MR scanner,heart/liver surface coil and prone position with Resp/Trigger gate in the normal volunteer and the cases with liver diseases including hepatic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and benige hepatic tumour. The age ranged From 15 to 58 years old. The related data were processed and compared using several kinds of protocol methods.Results By using the edit skills with Filter, Zero-filling and Curve fitting under the type of J-coupling peak, the curves corresponding with the request and precise data had been obtained for 31 P MRS of the liver. By the simple protocol methods, the 31 P MRS, concentration and ratio of the materials in the liver could be obtained in all cases.Conclusion The process of MR spectroscopy is easy to apply. The requested curves and the accurate data will be obtained by using the editing skill of edit.

OBJECTIVETo confirm the inhibitory effect of Chinese herbs of acid taste on melanin synthesis.

METHODSActive ingredients of 22 kinds Chinese herbs of acid tastes were extracted by alkali extraction and acid precipitation, alcohol extraction, and water extraction, respectively, which was then dispensed into 25.00, 12.50, and 6.25 g/L suspension. Their effects on activities of tyrosinase were detected using mushroom-tyrosinase-DOPA speed oxidation. Their inhibition rates on activities of tyrosinase were respectively compared with inhibition rates of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 mmol/L arbutin.

RESULTSThe 22 kinds Chinese herbs of acid taste included Cornus Officinalis, Crataegus pinnatifida, dark plum fruit, Schisandra Chinensis, Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne, Reynoutria japonica Houtt, Achyranthes Bidentata, Sanguisorba officinalis L., Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Herba Ecliptae, blueberry, immature bitter orange, submature bitter orange, Prunus mume Var, Hovenia acerba Lindl., Fructus Mori, Pomegranate Rind, white paeony root, Rosa laevigata Michx., Portulaca oleracea L, Terminalia chebula Retz, Rhus chinensis Mill. Their alkaline extractions showed inhibition to activities of tyrosinase to different degrees except Herba Ecliptae. Of them, the highest inhibition rate (88.49% ± 9.98%) was got by dark plum fruit at 25 g/L, while the lowest inhibition rate (11.22% ± 3.36%) was got by immature bitter orange at 6.25 g/L. Their alcohol extractions showed inhibition to activities of tyrosinase to different degrees except Herba Ecliptae. Of them, the highest inhibition rate (75.92% ± 5.57%) was got by Hovenia acerba Lindl. at 25 g/L, while the lowest inhibition rate (9.60% ± 1.15%) was got by submature bitter orange at 6.25 g/L. Their water extractions all had inhibition on activities of tyrosinase. Of them, the highest inhibition rate (54.23% ± 3.56%) was got by Fructus Mori at 25 g/L, while the lowest inhibition rate (10.25% ± 1.83%) was got by Semen Ziziphi Spinosae at 6.25 g/L. Compared with 1 mmol/L arbutin water solution, alkaline extractions of dark plum fruit, Schisandra Chinensis, Rhus chinensis Mill., Rosa laevigata Michx., blueberry, Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne, Portulaca oleracea L, Fructus Mori, Achyranthes Bidentata, Pomegranate Rind; alcohol extractions of dark plum fruit, Rhus chinensis Mill., Pomegranate Rind, Hovenia acerba Lindl., Crataegus pinnatifida, Achyranthes Bidentata; water extractions of Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne, blueberry, and Fructus Mori at 25 g/L got obviously higher inhibition rates (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with 0.5 mmol/L arbutin water solution, alcohol extraction of Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne and alcohol extraction of dark plum fruit at 12.5 g/L got obviously higher inhibition rates (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONChinese herbs of acid taste could inhibit melanin synthesis, and its mechanism was related to inhibiting activities of tyrosinase.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Melanins ; metabolism ; Monophenol Monooxygenase ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Schisandra ; Taste

Objective To study the chemical constituents in the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera. MethodsCompounds were repeatedly purified by chromatography and structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analyses. Results Nine alkaloids were isolated and identified as 2-hydroxy-1-methoxy-6-methyl-6a,7-dehydroaporphine (1),armepavine (2),dehydroroemerine (3),dehydronuciferine (4),2-hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphine (5),liriodenine (6),pronuciferine (7),roemerine (8),and nuciferine (9). Conclusion compound 1 is a new aporphine alkaloid named nelumnucine.

BACKGROUND:Traditional internal fixation for thoracolumbar vertebral fractures easily causes poor vertebral reduction, and postoperative vertebral height loss easily appears.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the feasibility of lateral-position pedicle screw placement in spinal surgeryvia combined anterior-posterior approaches.
METHODS: A total of 36 cases undergoing spinal surgical operation in the Baoji City Chinese Medicine Hospital from February 2013 to October 2014 were enroled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the method of repair. 18 patients in the control group received prone-position pedicle screw placement, and 18 patients in the experimental group received lateral-position pedicle screw placementvia combined anterior-posterior approaches. Postoperative CT and X-ray examinations compared the adverse rate of screw placement and the rate of nerve root injury between the two groups. Operation time, length of stay, time of beginning movement, intraoperative blood loss and American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale score were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Significant differences in the adverse rate of screw placement and the rate of nerve root injury were detected between the two groups (P < 0.05), and the adverse rate of screw placement and the rate of nerve root injury were better in the experimental group than in the control group. Operation time, length of stay, and time of beginning movement were significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale scores were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). These findings confirm that lateral-position pedicle screw placementvia combined anterior-posterior approaches in spinal surgery can reduce intraoperative trauma, shorten the length of hospital stay, and promote functional recovery of spinal cord.