strains that could produce raw starch-digesting glucoamylase were isolated from soil and mildewed rice.The highest raw starch-digesting glucoamylase activity strain named OR-1 was identified as Rhizopus.sp.The raw starch-digesting glucoamylase activity of the strain is 90U/mL.Through UV and NTG mutagenesis,the raw starch-digesting glucoamylase activity raised to 200U/mL and 325U/mL respectively.The RDA were 70% and 65% respectively.

Castor(Ricinus communis L.),a high energy-stored and industrial raw-material plant species,is of great value in its application.Progresses in castor biotechnology were summarized in terms of tissue culture and genetic transformation.The results of studies on tissue culture indicated that application of TDZ(thiadiazuron) gave the maximum rate of shoot proliferation in various exogenous hormones when embryo axis was used as explant.On this ground,the in vitro regeneration system was established.The studies on castor genetic transformation showed that the Agrobaterium-mediated method was the most suitable one in different castor transformation methods.The hygromycin is suitable to selection of castor transfomants while castor embryo axis is insensitive to kanamycin.The possibilities of breeding of new castor varieties and improvement of castor production via biotechnology were also discussed.

Objective:To find out the coefficients of garlic oil by Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE). Methods: Cutting, squeezing fermentation and fermentation and ethanol extraction of garlic were respectively as pretreatments and then the use of supercritical carbon dioxide as an extraction and given garlic oil was analysed by means of IR. Result: Garlic oil can be directly extracted by SFE and its best operation condition was under the pressure of 15 MPa and at 40 ?C extractability of garlic oil was up to 44.57% . Conclusion: Fermentation and ethanol extraction method is a best one for garlic oil obtained.

Objective To explore the polymorphism distribution of the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) gene i6 in Zunyi region. Methods HSL i6 in the Zunyi population was examined with ploymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), and analyzed for its distribution. Results Six different alleles and 11 different genotypes were found in the HSL i6. The PIC is more than 0.7, in which allele 6 and allele 7 were most widely distributed. Conclusion The polymorphism of HSL i6 was identified and the result suggests in Zunyi HSL as a candidate gene of glucose and lipid metabolism.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on lidocaine-induced apoptosis in rat cortical neurons.Methods The cortical neurons obtained from Sprague-Dawley fetal rats were seeded in 24 multiwell plates at a density of 1 × 105 cells/ml,and the cortical neurons of 80 wells were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =20 each):control group (group C),lidocaine group (group L),dexmedetomidine group (group D) and lidocaine + dexmedetomidine group (group L+ D).The cells were cultured routinely in group C.The cells were exposed to lidocaine with a final concentration of 1 mmol/L in group L.The cells were exposed to dexmedetomidine with a final concentration of 3 μmol/L in group D.The cells were exposed to lidocaine and dexmedetomidine with the final concentrations of 1 mmol/L and 3 μmol/L,respectively,in group L + D.After 4 h incubation,the neurons were subjected to DAPI staining for detection of apoptosis,and the apoptosis rate was calculated.Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt),Akt and caspase-3.Results Compared with group C,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased,the expression of p-Akt was down-regulated,and the expression of caspase-3 was up-regulated in L and L + D groups (P ＜ 0.05),while no significant changes were found in the indexes mentioned above in group D (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group L,the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased,the expression of p-Akt was up-regulated,and the expression of caspase-3 was down-regulated in L + D group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of Akt between the four groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can reduce lidocaine-induced apoptosis in rat cortical neurons,and activation of Akt may be involved in the underlying mechanism.

Objective To investigate the role of Akt signaling in the protective effect of dexmedetomidine preconditioning on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rat .Methods Twenty-two SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:before LPS injection group(T0 group) ,1 h after LPS injection group(T1 group) ,3 h after LPS injection group(T2 group) and 6 h after LPS injection group(T3 group) ,the expression of Akt and p-Akt in the process of LPS-induced ALI was investigated . Another 54 rats were divided into 3 groups :control group(C group) ,6 hours of ALI group(ALI group) and Dexmedetomidine+ALI group(D+ ALI group) ,the expression of p-Akt in lung tissues ,the protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) ,apoptotic index and the pathological changes in the lung tissues were observed .Forty rats were divided into ALI group and ALI + D group to investigate the 48 h-survival ratio .Results Compared with T0 group ,the level of p-Akt expression in T1 ,T2 , T3 groups were deceased in a time-dependent manner(P<0 .05) .Compared with ALI group ,p-Akt in D + ALI group increased significantly(P<0 .05) but was still lower than that in C group(P<0 .05);the protein concentration in BALF and the apoptotic in-dex in D + ALI groups were significantly lower than those in ALI group(P<0 .05) ,but still higher than those in C group(P<0 .05) .The 48 h survival ratio was significantly decreased in D + ALI group comparing with ALI group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Dexmedetomidine preconditioning might display protective effect via activating p-Akt signaling pathway in LPS-induced ALI .

Objective:In 2003,a survey of the manpower of pediatric dentists was made in China in order to provide basis for database. Methods:Questionnaires were distributed to dentists presenced the 5th conference of pediatric dentistry in China,and 139 available answers were analysis. Results:In those 139 pediatric dentists, with a mean age of 38.2?8.7,females were significantly more than males, and 89.9% dentists had bachelor, master or doctor degree. Significant relations were found between self-estimate ability of dentists and their length of work, degree, character of clinic.Conclusion:To date, the team of pediatric dentists begins to take shape, the structure of age and education are rational, but the number of them is insufficient and it is necessary to improve the basic and continuing education.

Objective To explore the endoscopic and clinicopathological features of progressive gastric carcinoma.Methods The datas of 172 cases of progressive gastric carcinoma confirmed by endoscpoy and pathology were collected from January 2002 to February 2006 in our hospital.The data of clinic,endoscope and pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Results The principal symptomof progressive gastric carcinoma was epigastric pain,weight loss,anorexia and anemia.Most of them were in gastric antrum,secondly in cardiac and gastric fundus.Type Ⅲ were the main styles by Borrmann's tandards,type Ⅱ was secondly.The most pathological type was adenocarcinoma,secondly was poorly differentiated.Conclusion Most of progressive gastr ic carcinoma has epigastric pain,and more epigastric pain appears in gastric antrum.The main styles by Borrmann's tandards is type Ⅲ,the most pathological type is adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND:Deproteinized cancellous bone can be used as a new kind of bone graft material due to its wide resources andbiological characteristics if the problem of immunogen can be solved. OBJECTIVE:To study the properties of deproteinized cancellous bone following preparation with physico-chemical methods,in addition,to explore the feasibility of xenogeneic deproteinized cancellous bone used as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A comparison observation was performed at the Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy between February 2008 and January 2009. MATERIALS:Deproteinized bone was derived from pigs and goals femoral cancellous bone followed by treating with 1:1 methanol extract and 30% H2O2. METHODS:The mechanical properties of vector were examined by scanning electron-microscopy,X-rays diffraction analysis,differential scanning calorimetry,and mechanical experimental instrument. The density of third passage of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of iliac bone was regulated to 2?108/L,vaccinated to vector,and the cell adhesion and proliferation was observed by inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope. Forty BALB/C mice were randomly dividedinto the experimental and control groups,with 20 animals in each group. Muscle behind femur was made muscle pouch,which was implanted pig deproteinized bone in the experimental group,and no other treatment in the control group. The level of serumcarnine,glutamic-oxal(o)acetic transaminase (GOT),as well as glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were measured at weeks 12,4,8 after operation. Meanwhile,the immunogenicity of pig deproteinized bone and specimen of deproteinized bone in mice were detected at the 4 weeks after implantation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Physicochemical properties and immunogenicity of deproteinized bone were analyzed by in vitroexperiment. And the bio-safety was evaluated by animal experiment. RESULTS:The inorganic composition of deproteinized cancellous bone was hydroxyapatite ceramic,which is identical with nature composition of human bone. It showed that deproteinized cancellous bone maintained natural network pore system and kept good mechanical property. The MSCs grew well on deproteinized cancellous bone due to its low immunogenicity and toxicity. CONCLUSION:The xenogeneic deproteinized cancellous bone is an excellent vector in bone tissue engineering.

Objective To explore the polymorphism distribution of the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) gene i6 in Zunyi region. Methods HSL i6 in the Zunyi population was examined with ploymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP),and analyzed for its distribution. Results Six different alleles and 11 different genotypes were found in the HSL i6. The PIC is more than 0.7,in which allele 6 and allele 7 were most widely distributed.Conclusion The polymorphism of HSL i6 was identified and the result suggests in Zunyi HSL as a candidate gene of glucose and lipid metabolism.