The duration of infection, frequency of eating raw fresh water fishes, and a series of liver function tests were studied in a group of 23 Korean symptomless cases with Clonorchis sinensis, and compared with those in a control group of uninfected persons. Of 23 lightly infected cases, 11 cases who had been infected for 10 to 20 years was found the highest in percentage(47.8), and 2 had been infected for over 30 years. The frequency of eating raw fresh water fishes ranged from 2 to 35 times. The range of Stoll egg-counts in 23 cases varied from 600 to 8,600 eggs per gram of feces and the average value was approximately 2,800 eggs. A series of liver function tests examined showed normal value in all cases. These results showed no difference in either infected group and its contol group.
parasitology-trematode-Clonorchiasis sinensis, epidemiology ; egg per gram ; liver function test

The cubitus varus is one of the most common complications of supracondylar fracture of humerus. The authors treated surgically 45 cases of cubitus varus in the Seoul National University Hospital, from 1977 to 1981, and the results were as follows: 1. The mild ulnar n. palsy signs were found in 11 cases(24.5%). 2. The supracondylar, closed wedge osteotomy was done through lateral approach and fixed by cross pinning with 2 K-wires. 3. The postoperative immobilization must be more complete, and the average duration of immobilization was 7 weeks. The osteotomy site united in the all cases, and no limitation of range of motion developed. 4. The incidence of postop. ulnar nerve palsy was the same in the osteotomy only group as in the osteotomy and ulnar n. transposition group. The osteotomy and ulnar n transpositin group recovered naturally, but 2 cases of the osteotomy only group did not recover so ulnar n. transposition was performed later. 5. There was no recurrence of deformity after the average follow-up of 2.2 years, so it was recommended that the correction of deformity should be done in the early childhood.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humerus ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Osteotomy ; Paralysis ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Recurrence ; Seoul ; Ulnar Neuropathies

PURPOSE: The study was conducted to investigate the effect of career barrier, satisfaction, and career decision making pattern on career search behaviors in male nursing students. METHODS: Data were collected through structured questionnaires that included general characteristics, career barrier, satisfaction, career decision making pattern and career search behaviors and were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression using SPSS/PC+ program. RESULTS: The results of the research suggest the two aspects of career search behaviors as being self-exploration and environmental exploration. The rational pattern, among the types of satisfaction and career decision making pattern, was found to have a meaningful effect on self-expression. On the other hand, dependent pattern, among the satisfaction and career decision making pattern, was found to have an effect on career search patterns. CONCLUSION: It is considered that, based on the results of this study, diversified approaches that consider individual career decision making patterns such as rational pattern and dependent pattern as well as the methods to enhance the satisfaction of male nursing college students for career guidance are needed.
Decision Making* ; Hand ; Humans ; Male* ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of emotional labor on burnout, turnover intention, and job satisfaction. METHODS: Dental hygienists were surveyed over a period of 13 days during March, 2013. Data from the completed questionnaires (N=202) were analyzed using the t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: Higher levels of emotional labor resulted in higher levels of burnout and turnover intention, as well as lower levels of job satisfaction. The variable showing the largest mediating effect between emotional labor and burnout was emotional intelligence. Supervisor support had the largest mediating effect between emotional labor and turnover intention, as well as emotional labor and job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: To reduce the negative effects caused by emotional labor, it is necessary to foster the development of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of employees. Employers' efforts to improve supervisor and colleague support for the employees should be made to reduce such negative effects.
Dental Hygienists* ; Emotional Intelligence ; Humans ; Intention* ; Job Satisfaction* ; Negotiating ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Humans*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of IL-10 on development of collagen-induced arthritis, on humoral and cellular immunity and on the endogenous production of IL-10 in DBA/1J mice. METHODS: DBA/1J mice were immunized with chicken type II collagen in Freund s complete adjuvant. Murine recombinant IL-10 was given intraperitoneally twice a week from the day of second immunization (week 3) in doses of 0.002ug, 0. 02ug and 0. 2ug for 3 different groups, respectively. Dexamethasone was injected in one group to suppress the arthritis development and this group was used as negative control group. Levels of anti-collagen antibodies, serum IL-10 and stimulation indices of splenic monocytes to collagen were measured at the end of study. RESULTS: The 0. 02ug IL-10 and 0. 2ug IL-10 treated groups developed earlier and more severe arthritis (week 6 and 8) compared to that of the control group while the 0. 002ug IL-10 group has shown similar course to the control group in terms of incidence and severity of arthritis, At week 10, all groups with or without IL-10 injections developed arthritis with similar degree of severity while dexamethasone group showed far less incidence and severity of arthritis. The serum levels of anti-collagen antibody, IL-10 and spleen monocyte stimulation indices to collagen antigen showed no difference among control group, IL-10 injected groups and dexamethasone injected group. CONCLUSION: This study shows IL-10 could worsen the arthritis in CIA with the dosage used in this study without significant influence on the level of anti-collagen antibodies or stimulation indices of spenic monocyte to collagen.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Experimental* ; Chickens ; Collagen ; Collagen Type II ; Dexamethasone ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunization ; Incidence ; Interleukin-10* ; Mice ; Monocytes ; Spleen

In this animal study, comedones were induced by topical application of oleic acid onto the rabbit ear canal and the histopathologic and ultrastructural changes in response to topical application of HO and hexane extracts of red ginseng, and saponin were measured. No microscopical difference was observed between treatment groups. Nucle ir remnants were observed in the horny cell layer as well as the thinning of the granular cell layer. Scattered and decreased keratohyaline granules were also noted. Six weeks after initiation of treatment, we observed the thinning of epidermis and veappearance of granular cell layer with normal keratohyaline granules. After treatment, scanning electron microscopy showed a decrease in the size of comedones, and loosened and desquamating horny cells in the comedones. From the above results, it could be concluded that Panax ginseng extracts might have effects on the keratinization process of the skin.
Animals ; Ear Canal ; Epidermis ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Oleic Acid ; Panax* ; Saponins ; Skin

Medical vocabularies in medical records are used in several synonyms and various expressions even though they are same concepts. Query expansion using a thesaurus enhances recall of medical information retrieval (IR) system for searching patient records or literatures. This study proposed IR system architecture applied the Metathesaurus of Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). To enhance the retrieval effectiveness at the same time to reduce retrieval time, we reconstructed condensed Metathesaurus (CMT), which is constituted of frequently used terms in medical records. We used 40,000 radiology reports of Brain CT/MRI at Seoul National University Hospital. The retrieval model we used is the Boolean methods. The results showed 15~27% effectiveness for searching relevant documents implementing the UMLS MT into IR system for query expansion. But it took 3.5 times longer for retrieval compared with non-MT implemented IR system. When we applied the CMT into IR system, however, the retrieval time reduced by 50% and the retrieval performance decreased only 8.7% compared with all MT implemented IR system. In this paper, we developed the medical document retrieval system applied UMLS MT for query expansion methods that can improve the relevant document retrieval performance, at the same time it can reduce the retrieval time through consisting condensed Metathesaurus for a specific domain.
Brain ; Computing Methodologies ; Humans ; Information Storage and Retrieval* ; Medical Records ; Seoul ; Unified Medical Language System* ; Vocabulary ; Vocabulary, Controlled

Thirty patient with essential hypertension were administered Manidipine, a new calcium antagonist, 10~20mg once daily to evaluate the hypotensive efficacy and safety for 8 weeks. And the followings were the result. 1) Patients were consists of 14 male, 16 female, aged 53 in average and classified as mild in 21 and moderate in 9 patients. 2) Optimum intial dose was 10mg and 10 to 20mg were the doses recommended. 3) Blood pressure dropped after 8 weeks 24/13mmHg in average, rewarding 80% effectiveness and normalized in 87%. 4) Most frequent side reaction was facial flushing in 5 patiens followed by palpitation and dizziness, all of which did not disturb the continuation of medication. 5) Most of routine laboratory parameter were normal and unchanged between before and after the trial. 6) Overall rating of usefulness was 77%. In conclusion, Manidipine 10 to 20mg once daily regimen is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Blood Pressure ; Calcium ; Dizziness ; Female ; Flushing ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Male ; Reward

The antihypertensive effects and serial changes of serum lipids were observed in 17 patients with essential hypertension, administered daily 30-60mg dose of Tripamide(Tripamol(R)) for 8 weeks. The results were as follows ; 1) After 8 weeks treatment, there is no change of serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol were decreased by 3.2mg/dl(-1.9%) and 0.9mg/dl(-2.8%) respectively. The changes were not significant statistically. 2) After 8 weeks treatment, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were decreased by 11.2mmHg(-6.8%) and 7.7mmHg(-7.3%). 3) No significant side effect was observed during treatment except of 2 patients of mild headache and insomnia.
Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Triglycerides