Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide,particularly in young adults.Conventional imaging modalities such as CT or MRI can show most of the morphological changes of the brain in TBI.PET/CT and PET/MR can acquire both functional and morphological images compared with CT or MRI alone,which might be helpful for the diagnosis,management and prognosis evaluation of TBI.This review summarizes the applications of PET imaging in TBI patients.

Adult ; Animals ; Ear Auricle ; parasitology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Tick Infestations ; Ticks

Objective To investigate the carotid plaque conditions and clinical commonly used test events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to explore the risk factors affecting the stability of plaques in carotid artery.Methods According to the results of cervical vascular color Doppler ultrasound examination, 125 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into unstable plaque group (n=21), stable plaque group (n =54), and non-plaque group (n =50).Analysis related results including age, gender, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), intima-media thickness (IMT), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), uric acid (UA), fibrinogen (Fbg), D-dimer (D-D), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were analyzed.Results Age, gender, SBP, DBP, TG, HDL, D-D, and TSH were without significant differences among groups.Glucose and Fbg were significant different (P ＜ 0.05) between unstable plague group and stable plaque group/no plaque group.No significance difference was found between stable and no plaque groups.IMT, TC, LDL, and FT4 were significant different (P ＜ 0.05) between unstable and stable plaque groups, and between stable and no plaque groups.Logistic multiple regression analysis suggested that IMT and TC might be independent risk factors for the stability of plaques in carotid artery of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The factors affecting formation of plaques in carotid artery include glucose level, TC, and LDL in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The factors affecting its stability include thickness of IMT, TC, LDL, and FT4.IMT and TC were the independent risk factors for the stability of plaques in carotid artery.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics, laboratory results, treatment and prognosis of adult onset Still's disease (AOSD). Methods The clinical and laboratory data of 107 AOSD patients were retrospectively analyzed. SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Categorical data were described as frequency and percentage, and numerical data were described using x±s deviation. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical data between groups and analysis of variance test was used to compare numerical data between groups. K-W test was used to compare skewed distributed data between groups and J-T test was compared in pairwise comparison. Logistic regression was applied to examine prognostic factors. Results The average age of 107 patients (12 male and 95 female) was(39±16) years and the average disease course was (1.4±2.7) years. The patients were classified into 3 types based on their disease course: monocyclic (38 cases, 35.5%), polycyclic (29 cases, 27.1%) and chronic arthritis (40 cases, 37.4%). The clinical characteristics were high fever (107 cases , 100%), rash (97 cases, 90.7%) and arthralgia/arthritis (86 cases, 80.4%). The most common involved joints were knee (24 cases, 23.3%), wrist (19 cases, 18.4%) and proximal interphalangeal joints (14, 13.7%). The laboratory results were elevated including white blood cells count (88/105, 83.8%) and elevated serum ferritin (107, 100%). Seventy-three out of 84 patients (86.9%) had negative rheumatic factor and 9 out of 91 (9.9%) had positive ANA, which were low titre in general. Eleven patients (10.3%) had joint erosions suggested by X-ray at diagnosis. Intergroup analysis revealed that patients with polycyclic type were less likely to have abnormal liver function tests at disease onset (χ2=9, P<0.05). Twenty-five patients (23.8%) in total had complications, which were mainly pulmonary interstitial fibrosis (9 cases ) and hemophagocytic syndrome (7 cases). Male patients (n=6, χ2=5.93, P=0.015) were more likely to have complications. One hundred and two (95.3%) patients were treated with glucocorticoid and among them, 86 (84.3%) were combined with immunosuppressive agents. After 4 weeks of treatment, 89 patients (89.2%) achieved complete remission. The number of patients with glucocorticoid dependence or treatment failure was less in monocyclic group, although the differences were not significant. The analysis of prognostic factors founded that patients with Tmax>39.5 ℃ (P=0.030) were mostly fell into the monocyclic group. Compared with monocyclic type, patients with polycyclic or chronic arthritis type were less likely to have thrombocytosis (P=0.019, P=0.004). However, when compared with chronic arthritis type, patients with monocyclic or poly - cyclic type were less likely to have arthralgia/arthritis (P=0.030, P=0.000), especially the involvement of large joints (P<0.05). Conclusion AOSD mainly presents as high fever, rash, arthralgia and elevated inflammatory markers. Joint erosion may occur during the course of disease. The treatment of glucocorticoid and immunosup - pressive agent combinations is effective and most patients could achieve remission during 4 weeks of treatment. Patients with thrombocytosis at disease onset might be monocyclic type, while patients with arthritis, especially involvement of large joints at disease onset might be chronic arthritis type.

Objective:To analyze and evaluate the degassing effect of vacuum degassing apparatus through the determination of ox-ygen content in pure water, gas pressure and air volume, and compare with suction filtration, boiling and ultrasonic methods to choose the appropriate degassing method for dissolution medium and guide the daily inspection work. Methods: The water residual oxygen, gas pressure and air volume were determined using a single water quality on-line monitoring instrument and a Carbo QC Anton Pear in-strument. The degassing effect of the vacuum degassing apparatus was detected under the conditions of negative pressure and certain de-gassing time. The degassing effect was also compared with that of suction filter, boiling and ultrasonic methods. Results: Under the conditions of 0. 06 MPa negative pressure, 41℃ medium temperature and 30 min degassing time, the degassing effect of the vacuum degassing apparatus was obvious. The degassing effect of suction filter and boiling methods was similar to that of the vacuum degassing apparatus, while that of ultrasonic method wasn't obvious. Conclusion:The use of vacuum degassing apparatus is simple and efficient with obvious degassing effect, which is suitable for the degassing process of dissolution medium.

Periodontitis is a chronic infective disease characterized as the destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which are ideal adult stem cells for the regeneration of supporting tissues, may play important roles in restoring the structure and function of the periodontium and in promoting the treatment of periodontal disease. As a consequence, the characteristics, especially osteogenic differentiation mechanism, of these stem cells have been extensively investigated. The regulation of the physiological behavior of these stem cells is associated with BMAL1 gene. This gene is a potential treatment target for periodontal disease, although the specific mechanism remains inconclusive. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of BMAL1 gene and its ability to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells.
ARNTL Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Adult ; Adult Stem Cells ; Bone Marrow Cells ; physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; physiology ; Osteogenesis ; physiology ; Periodontal Ligament ; Periodontitis ; Periodontium ; Regeneration ; Tooth

Objective To compare the efficacy of mechanical ventilation (MV) with low tidal volume (LTV) plus positive expiratory end pressure (PEEP) and conventioal MV in the treatment of traumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Methods From Oct 1997 to Oct 2003, 26 cases of traumatic ARDS patients were treated by conventioal MV(group A, n=11) or MV with LTV plus PEEP(group B,n=15), and clinical data of the patients were recorded and compared. Results There were no statistical difference in the PaO 2 of blood gas analysis and hemodynamic indices between the two groups, while the PaCO 2 was higher in group B than that in group A(P

MicroRNAs(miRNA)are a kind of small non -conding RNA,which negative regulate target genes expression at post -transcription level by binding 3'-untraslation region(3'UTR).Dysregulation of miRNA pro-files relate to cancer,immune disorders,cardiovascular disease,neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic diseases. miR -221 /222 are two similary miRNAs,which share the same promoter and have the same seed sequence.miR -221 /222 usually target to same target genes and co -regulate same processes and act as onco -miRNA roles.Howev-er,miR -221 /222 maybe act as suppressor in cancer which maybe dependent particular context.The roles of miR -221 /222 are reviewed in this article,will provide a comprehensive vision for comprehending the biological process of miR -221 /222 in carcinoma.

Objective Protection afforded by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) against myocardial ischemia in adult heart has been investigated. This study was designed to examine the effects of IPC on myocardial tolerance to ischemia in immature hearts.Methods The aorta of isolated immature rabbit heart (14-21d old) was connected to Langendorff preparation within 30 s after excision. The hearts were perfused with oxygenated (95%O 2:5%CO 2) Krebs-Henseleit buffer(KHB) at 60 cmH 2O. 16 immature rabbit hearts were equally divided into 2 groups: control group and IPC group. In IPC group the hearts were first subjected to IPC stimulus consisting of 5 min global ischemia followed by 10 min reperfusion. The hearts in both groups were made globally ischemic for 30 min(no perfusion) followed by 40 min reperfusion. At the end of 40 min reperfusion the hearts were harvested for ATP analysis. The coronary flow(C), HR, left ventricle developed pressure(LVDP) and ?dp/dt were monitored and recorded before ischemia and at 5,10,20,30 and 40 min of reperfusion, and calculated as % of pre-ischemia levels. Coronary flow was collected before and after reperfusion for CK-MB determination.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the four parameters between the two groups. Arrhythmia scores were also comparable betweeen the two groups. The CK-MB leakage in IPC group was increased but not significantly different from that in control group. The ATP levels of myocardium at the end of reperfusion was significantly lower than that in the control group [(123.85?17.42)?g/g versus (167.21?16.53)?g/g].Conclusions IPC can not protect immature rabbit hearts from ischemia-reperfusion injury. On the contrary it may lead to myocardial injury due to more energy consumption.

Objective To investigate whether ischemic preconditioning( IPC) could protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in immature rabbit heart and the role of KATP channel in the mechanism of myocardial protection. Methods New Zealand rabbits aged 14-21 days weighing 220-280g were used. The animals were anesthetized and heparinized. Chest was opened and heart was quickly removed and aorta was connected to Langendorff preparation within 30 s. The hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer balanced with gas mixture(O2: CO2 = 95% : 5% ) at 60cmH2O2(perfusion pressure) . IPC consisted of 5 mm global ischimia plus 10 mm reperfusion. Glibenclamide was used as KATP channel blocker. Cardiac arrest was induced with cold(4℃ ) St Thomas Ⅱ cardioplegic solution and heart was made globally ischemic by withholding perfusion for 45 mm followed by 40 mm reperfusion. Thirty immature rabbit hearts were randomly divided into four groups: group Ⅰ( n= 9 control) was subjected to ischemia-reperfusion only; groupⅡ(n= 9 IPC + ischemia-reperfusion); group Ⅲ(n = 6 glibenclamide + ischemia-reperfusion) and group Ⅳ( n= 6 glibenclamide + IPC + ischemia-reperfusion) . Coronary flow(CF), HR, left ventricle developed pressure( LVDP) and ? dP/dt max were monitored before ischemia/IPC/glibenclamide( baseline value) and 5, 10, 20 and 40 mm after reperfusion and were expressed as percentage of their baseline values. Arrhythmia scores were recorded. Coronary effluent was collected at 10 miii after reperfusion was started for determination of CK-MB level. At the end of reperfusion 200mg myocardium was taken from apex for determination of ATP content. Results The group Ⅱ(IPC group) showed best results. The recovery of CF, HR, LVDP and ?dp/dt max, was best among the four groups. The incidence of arrhythmia was low and less CK-MB leaked out. Myocardial ATP content was better preserved. Pretreatment with glibenclamide completely abolished the myocardial protection provided by IPC but did not affect ischemiareperfusion injury. Conclusions IPC can protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in immature rabbit bean. Activation of KATh channel is involved in the mechanism of myocardial protection of IPC.