There exists a complex relationship between liver and thyroid hormones. Liver plays an important role in the activation, inactivation, transportation, and metabolism of thyroid hormones. At the same time, thyroid hormones also affect hepatocytes activity and liver metabolism, such as lipid and bilirubin metabolism. Importantly, thyroid hormone levels often change abnormally in patients with liver cirrhosis. Therefore, studying the change of thyroid hormone levels in patients with liver cirrhosis has a certain clinical value for assessing the severity, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment. This paper reviews the research progress on the relationship between liver cirrhosis and thyroid hormone.
Bilirubin ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism* ; Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism* ; Thyroid Hormones/metabolism*

Adsorption ; Bilirubin ; metabolism ; Liver, Artificial ; Plasma Exchange ; methods

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic-related disorder induced by multiple factors and mainly characterized by excessive fat buildup in hepatocytes. With the consumption of a Western-style diet and obesity prevalence in recent years, the incidence of NAFLD has gradually increased, becoming an increasingly serious public health problem. Bilirubin is a heme metabolite and a potent antioxidant. Studies have demonstrated that bilirubin levels have an inverse correlation with the incidence rate of NAFLD; however, which form of bilirubin plays the main protective role is still controversial. It is considered that the main protective mechanisms for NAFLD are bilirubin antioxidant properties, insulin resistance reduction, and mitochondrial function. This article summarizes the correlation, protective mechanism, and possible clinical application of NAFLD and bilirubin.
Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism* ; Bilirubin ; Antioxidants ; Obesity/complications* ; Hepatocytes/metabolism* ; Liver/metabolism*

Animals ; Bilirubin ; toxicity ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rabbits

Bilirubin ; Child ; Duodenogastric Reflux ; diagnosis ; Esophageal Diseases ; diagnosis ; Esophagus ; metabolism ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; diagnosis ; Humans

Adolescent ; Bilirubin ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Duodenogastric Reflux ; metabolism ; Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Stomach ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate oxidative stress in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with elevated serum total bilirubin (TBIL).

METHODS75 CHB patients with elevated serum TBIL were enrolled in the present study. A, B, C, D and E group were defined. Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Xanthine Oxidase (XOD), Vitamin C (V(C)) and Vitamin E (V(E)) were determined. The control group contained 11 healthy donors and the carrier group contained 16 Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers.

RESULTSThe concentrations of MDA and XOD were significantly higher in each group of patients than in the control (P < 0.05), while V(C) and V(E) were significantly lower (P < 0.05). The concentration of XOD was significantly higher in the carrier group than in the control (P < 0.05), while MDA, V(C) and V(E) were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The concentrations of MDA and XOD were significantly positively correlated with TBIL (r = 0.670, P < 0.01; r = 0.737, P < 0.01, respectively) in the patients, while V(C) and V(E) were significantly negatively correlated with TBIL (r = -0.463, P < 0.01; r = -0.247, P < 0.05, respectively). The concentration of MDA was significantly different among all the groups in the patients except the comparison between group A and group B. The concentration of XOD was significantly different between group A, B, C and group D, E (P < 0.05). The concentration of V(C) was significantly different between group A and group D, E and between group B, C, D and group E (P < 0.05). The concentration of V(E) was significantly different between group A, B and group E (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere was a disturbance between oxidative stress and anti-oxidative ability in CHB patients with elevated serum TBIL. Oxidative stress became more serious along with the increasing of serum TBIL. In HBsAg carriers, oxidative stress level was low. The results suggest antioxidant treatment for CHB patients with elevated serum TBIL may help to improve the effect of therapy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Oxidative Stress ; physiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Vitamin E ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Daily administration of glucocorticoids for 10 days to dogs resulted in a significant increase in the hepatic bile secretion in response to secretory stimulants. The response of hepatic bile in testosterone-treated animals was not changed and the response was increased in DOCA--treated animals. A significant increase of liver weight was induced by the animals receiving glucocorticoids. Other organ weight was not changed; however, a slight reduction of kidney weight was seen in prednisolone, dexamethasone, and DOCA treated animals and also in animals supplemented with cortisone following adrenalectomy. The presence of large areas of ballooning and vesicular changes of liver cells was seen in glucocorticoid treated animals, particularly in cases of dexamethasone and prednisolone. Both vesicular changes of liver cell and its glycogen content were increased by the repeated administration of prednisolone and reduced by the cessation of treatment. Special stain and liver glycogen determination demonstrated the material distending the liver cell was glycogen. These findings indicate that long term administration of glucocorticoids results in an increase of liver weight and hepatic glycogen content as well as increased bile secretion.
Animal ; Bile/secretion* ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Bilirubin/secretion ; Cholagogues and Choleretics/pharmacology ; Dogs ; Glucocorticoids/pharmacology* ; Liver/drug effects* ; Liver/pathology ; Liver Glycogen/metabolism ; Organ Weight ; Substances: ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Cholagogues and Choleretics ; Glucocorticoids ; Liver Glycogen ; Bilirubin

High intensity light emitting diodes (LEDs) are being studied as possible light sources for the phototherapy of neonatal jaundice, as they can emit high intensity light of narrow wavelength band in the blue region of the visible light spectrum corresponding to the spectrum of maximal bilirubin absorption. We developed a prototype blue gallium nitride LED phototherapy unit with high intensity, and compared its efficacy to commercially used halogen quartz phototherapy device by measuring both in vitro and in vivo bilirubin photodegradation. The prototype device with two focused arrays, each with 500 blue LEDs, generated greater irradiance than the conventional device tested. The LED device showed a significantly higher efficacy of bilirubin photodegradation than the conventional phototherapy in both in vitro experiment using microhematocrit tubes (44 +/-7% vs. 35 +/-2%) and in vivo experiment using Gunn rats (30 +/-9% vs. 16 +/-8%). We conclude that high intensity blue LED device was much more effective than conventional phototherapy of both in vitro and in vivo bilirubin photodegradation. Further studies will be necessary to prove its clinical efficacy.
Animals ; Bilirubin/*metabolism ; Biochemistry/*methods ; Gallium/pharmacology ; Hematocrit ; In Vitro ; *Light ; Phototherapy/*methods ; Rats ; Rats, Gunn ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Hematologic investigations for 7 years at the Pediatric Department of Yonsei Medical Center of 52 syphilitic infants were reviewed. A moderate degree of anemia with red cell regeneration was observed in 40 infants (76.0%). Marked. thrombocytopenia but without active bleeding was found in 19 infants, and with active bleeding in 3 infants. A wide range of leukocyte counts, relative lymphocytosis and monocytosis were prominant features. The jaundice was mainly due to unconjugated bilirubin in 6 infants, conjugated as well as unconjugated bilirubin in 8 infants. With therapy, the above abnormal hematologic findings showed marked improvement. Early diagnosis is essential. Prevention and congenital syphilis depend on a high level of clinical suspicion, supported by routine and diagnostic use of laboratory and serologic aids, in the asymptomatic or minimally symptomtaic infants.
Bilirubin/blood ; Blood Cell Count ; Blood Platelets ; Female ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Human ; Infant, Newborn ; Reticulocytes ; Syphilis, Congenital/blood*