Bile Acids and Salts ; Humans ; Liver

In this study, 10 batches of samples of cultured Bovis Calculus(cow-bezoar) were determined for the investigation of chemical profile of bile acids with the UPLC-QDA method established. The results showed that nine common bile acids, cholic acid(CA), deoxycholic acid(DCA), chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA), taurocholic acid(TCA), taurodeoxycholic acid(TDCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid(TCDCA), glycocholic acid(GCA), glycodeoxycholic acid(GDCA) and glycochenodeoxycholic acid(GCDCA), were founded in samples and 7 bile acids were quantified except GDCA and GCDCA. In these samples, unconjugated bile acids, the major type of bile acids, accounted for more than 97% of all types of bile acids. As for unconjugated bile acids, CA was the most major bile acid in cultured cow-bezoar and it was about twice as much as DCA. The relative low-cost method established in the current study is accurate, rapid and sensitive, which is suitable for the studies of other drugs from animal bile.
Animals ; Bile ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Calculi ; Cattle ; Female

Gallstones form as the culmination of a complex series of events that results in precipitation of insoluble substances including cholesterol or bilirubin in the gallbladder. Bile formation is essential for lipid digestion and the removal of excess cholesterol from the body either by direct excretion or after conversion to bile acids. Gallstones occur when insoluble lipids and inorganic salts secreted by the liver cannot be solubilized as they normally are in bile by the detergent properties of bile salts. For this to occur, metabolic events must take place to produce bile that contains excess amounts of either cholesterol or bilirubin (supersaturation), both of which are relatively insoluble in aqueous solution. Additionally, physical factors must allow rapid nucleation within the residence time of bile in the biliary tree.
Bile ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Bilirubin ; Cholesterol ; Detergents ; Digestion ; Gallbladder ; Gallstones ; Hypogonadism ; Liver ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Salts

The effects of cholic acid and eight related cholanic acid analogs on bile flow and biliary excretion of bile salts and cholesterol were studied in rabbits. Bile acids were infused intravenously in anesthetized rabbits. In all except hyodeoxycholic or lithocholic acid treated animals increases in bile flow were recorded within 10 minutes during infusion of bile acid-The increase in bile f1ow associated with an increase in bile salt level in bile after cholic acid infusion was observed, however, there were little changes in biliary, cholesterol levels. Bile salt level in bile was not associated with bile flow after chenodeoxycholic acid infusion but the cholesterol level in bile was significantly increased. Ursodeoxycholic acid similarly increased cholesterol but to a lesser extent. Keto-forms of chenodeoxycholic acid were without action. These results indicate that both cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids have the capacity to alter specific biliary excretion of bile components, the former on bile salts and the latter on cholesterol-a precursor of bile acids in bile.
Animal ; Bile/analysis ; Bile/secretion* ; Bile Acids and Salts/administration & dosage ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Bile Acids and Salts/pharmacology* ; Bilirubin/analysis ; Cholesterol/analysis ; Cholesterol/metabolism* ; Cholic Acids/analogs & derivatives ; Cholic Acids/analysis ; Female ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Rabbits

To clarify the mechanisms of stone formation in gallbladder and in common bile duct, the bile composition, such as cholesterol, total bile acid, major bile acids, phospholipid, protein and calcium, from patients with gallbladder stones, common bile duct stones and control groups were analyzed for comparison. The control group consisted of patients who had neither biliary stone nor biliary tract disease. The results obtained are as follows; 1. In the mean concentrations of bile cholesterol and protein from each disease group, no statistically significant difference of these compositions was observed according to sorts of stone(p > 0.05). 2. In the cholesterol stone group the mean concentration of total bile acid of bile from gallbladder stone group was higher than that of common bile duct stone group (p < 0.05). In the pigment stone group, T/D ratio of bile from gallbladder stone group tended to be higher than that of CBD stone group. But these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.09). 3. In the pigment stone groups, the mean concentration of bile phospholipid from gallbladder stone group was significantly higher than that of CBD stone group (p < 0.05). 4. The mean concentration of bile protein from gallbladder stone group was higher than that of CBD stone group in the pigment stone group (p < 0.05). 5. The mean concentration of bile calcium was significantly higher in gallbladder stone group than that in CBD stone group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supersaturation of cholesterol in bile may not be sufficient to explain cholesterol gallstone formation. The increase in total bile acid especially LCA, DCA, CDCA may be involved in cholesterol gallbladder stone formation, whereas pigment gallbladder stone formation is thought to be related to decreased T/D ratio of bile which means high dihydroxycholanic acid of bile. Additionally, the results suggest that phospholipid, protein and calcium contribute to pigment gallbladder stone formation by playing great roles in forming matrix as nucleus in pigment stone, but further investigation may be needed to detect calcium ion critical for calcium crystal formation.
Bile Acids and Salts ; Bile* ; Biliary Tract Diseases ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Common Bile Duct* ; Gallbladder* ; Gallstones ; Humans

Bile acids and synthetic its derivatives induced apoptosis in various kinds of cancer cells and had anticancer effects. However, it wasn`t discovered those materials have apoptosis induced effects on osteosarcoma cells. The present study was done to examine the synthetic bile acid derivatives induced apoptosis on osteosarcoma cells and such these apoptosis events. The synthetic bile acid derivatives, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) induced the cell death on human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells contrary to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). HS-1200, a synthetic derivative of CDCAs, was chosen to experiment apoptosis events in HOS cells. HOS cells treated with HS-1200 showed nucleus condensation, cytochrom c release, Bax/Bcl-xL alteration, activation of caspase-3 and caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease (CAD), and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Though this study needs more investigations, these in vitro data suggest that treatment of the synthetic bile acid derivatives can give medical therapy on HOS cells.
Apoptosis* ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Bile* ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Death ; Chenodeoxycholic Acid ; Humans* ; Osteosarcoma* ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid

AIMTo develop a method for separating the major bile acids by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE).

METHODSThe effect of different separations, such as the compose, pH and the concentration of buffer, on the electro-osmotic flow (EOF), the migration time and resolution of 8 bile acids in this system were studied. The general trends in migration time could be correlated to the pH and concentration of the buffer. The effect of organic reagent on EOF and migration time were also investigated. By addition of methanol, the EOF went smaller than before, and better resolution was achieved. The experimental results showed that optimum separation was achieved under the following condition: buffer composition of 126 mmol.L-1 disodium tetraborate, 43 mmol.L-1 disodium hydrogenphosphate, 18% methanol; temperature 30 degrees C; voltage 30 kV; total length of capillary 570 mm and 500 mm from injection end; ultraviolet detection at 200 nm; pressure injection 5 kPa for 8 s.

RESULTSEight kinds of bile acid had been separated by CZE with only one injection. The method was used to analyse the contents of bile acids from different kinds of bear biles, the recovery was 89%-107%.

CONCLUSIONThis method is simple and rapid, and can be used to determine the content of bile acids in bear biles. The calibration curve showed good linearity for eight bile acids in the concentration range of 4-60 mg.mL-1 (gamma > 0.9954). The total time for seperation and determination was within 25 min.

Animals ; Bile ; chemistry ; Bile Acids and Salts ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; methods ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; Ursidae

OBJECTIVETo observe changes in surface tension of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) in rabbits with hyperbilirubinemia and the influence of bile diluents and 5 different bile acids on BALF surface tension to provide better insight into the regulatory role of bile acids on respiratory function.

METHODSBronchoalveolar lavage with 0.9% normal saline was carried out in 30 male New Zealand rabbits and the surface tensions of BALF were measured. The changes in BALF surface tension was measured in rabbits with hyperbilirubinemia. Different concentrations of bile diluents, normal saline, or water solutions of 5 bile acids were added into the collected BALF to test their influence on the surface tension of BALF.

RESULTSThe BALF from rabbits with hyperbilirubinemia showed a significantly increased surface tension (P<0.05). The bile diluents (1:15, 1:10, and 1:5) added into the BALF increased the surface tension of the BALF by 21.15%, 26.09%, and 19.64%, respectively. Among the water solutions of the 5 bile acids, UDCA produced no significant influence on the surface tension of BALF while CDCA, CA, LCA, and DCA increased the surface tension by 16.10%, 21.66%, 14.21%, and 13.05%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe surface tension of BALF increases significantly during hyperbilirubinemia. Bile diluents as well as the free bile acids CDCA, CA, LCA and DCA, but not UDCA, can increase the surface tension of BALF, suggesting that these bile acids may emulsify pulmonary alveolar surfactants to increase the alveolar surface tension.

Animals ; Bile ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Male ; Pulmonary Surfactants ; Rabbits ; Surface Tension

OBJECTIVETo discuss the rationality of the clinical replacement of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) bear bile with bile acid constituents, and analyze the difference between these constituents and bear bile in drug properties.

METHODSummarizing the drug properties of bear bile by reference to medical literatures for drug properties of TCM bear bile and Science of Traditional Chinese Medicine (China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2007). Analyzing and summarizing the pharmacological effects of main bile acid constituents according to relevant literatures for studies on pharmacological effects of main bile acid constituents in CNKI database. Predicating the drug properties of these bile acid constituents by using the drug property predication model established by the study group according the pharmacological effects of main bile acid constituents in the paper, and compare the prediction results with the drug properties of bear bile.

RESULTBile acid constituents in bear bile were mostly cold in property, bitter in taste, and the combination of their drug properties could reflect the combined drug properties of bear bile.

CONCLUSIONAll of these bile acid constituents in bear bile could show part of effects of bear bile. Attention shall be given to regulate the medication scheme in clinical application according to actual conditions.

Animals ; Bile ; chemistry ; Bile Acids and Salts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Taste ; Ursidae

Bile acids( BAs),the major constituents of bile,are also known to be potential biomarkers of various diseases,especially liver disease. The systematic analysis of BAs is believed to be of great importance towards the clarification of the effective material basis for bile-type medicines,and the diagnosis and therapy of related diseases as well. As a part of systematic study on bile-type medicine ongoing in our group,this study lays emphasis on the isomer discrimination,and the improvement of analytical method of BAs. Further,this method was subsequently applied to elucidate in depth the chemical profile of BAs in yak bile. Regarding isomer discrimination for BAs,we constructed relative response-collision energy curves( RRCECs) by high performance liquid chromatographyion trap-time of flight-mass spectrometry( HPLC-IT-TOF-MS) in combination with high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry( HPLC-Qtrap-MS). As a result,both the optimum collision energy( OCE) and CE_(50) exhibited great correlations with structural characteristics,thus enabling the isomer distinguishing,such as unconjugated BAs,glycine-conjugated BAs,and taurine-conjugated BAs. According to information provided by mass spectrometry,the comparison of OCE and CE_(50),retention time matching,combined with reference substances and database retrieval,a total of 30 bile acid derivatives were observed and identified in yak bile. The newly developed method could serve as a feasible tool for the in-depth characterization of BAs in bile and biological samples.
Animals ; Bile ; chemistry ; Bile Acids and Salts ; chemistry ; Cattle ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Mass Spectrometry ; Taurine