AIM:To report a rare case of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) with iridocorneal angle metastasis.METHODS:A 28-year-old woman,a known case of sporadic MTC was referred to our hospital due to left eye mass involving iridiocorneal angle.Several months' later retinal evaluation revealed retinal involvement with some patches.RESULTS:After palliative laser photocoagulation ablation of the choroidal and angle lesions no signs of recurrence or any new lesion was detected.CONCLUSION:As we know this is the first report of MTC with iridocorneal angle metastasis in the literature.

OBJECTIVE: Benzodiazepines are from the most common drugs which are used for treatment of anxiety disorders. There are other drugs with antianxiety properties including antihistamines such as hydroxyzine, too. Body of evidence show that co-administration of two drugs which act through different mechanisms, makes the dose of each drug to be reduced, while preserving the desired effect with less adverse drug reactions. The aim of this study was to see whether co-administration of subeffective antianxiety doses of diazepam and hydroxyzine has any antianxiety effect in elevated zero-maze (EZM) in mice. METHODS: To find the highest subeffective dose of each drug, different doses of hydroxyzine from 1.5 to 24 mg/kg and diazepam in doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg were injected to male mice. Thirty minutes later, the animals were placed on EZM and various parameters of anxiety were recorded by a camera to assess later. After determination of subeffective antianxiety dose of the drugs, co-administration of hydroxyzine and diazepam was done and the anxiety parameters were measured. RESULTS: In co-administration of 0.25 mg/kg of diazepam and 12 mg/kg hydroxyzine, as subeffective antianxiety doses of either drug, there were not any significant differences in main anxiety parameters, i.e., time spent in open areas and open area entries compared to control group. Hence, no anxiolytic effect was seen. CONCLUSION: It seems that subeffective doses of diazepam and hydroxyzine may not have any facilitating or synergistic effect on each other in antianxiety responses in mice.
Animals ; Anti-Anxiety Agents ; Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; Benzodiazepines ; Diazepam ; Drug Toxicity ; Histamine Antagonists ; Humans ; Hydroxyzine ; Male ; Mice

PURPOSE: Adenosis lesions of the breast, including sclerosing adenosis and adenosis tumors, are a group of benign proliferative disorders that may mimic the features of malignancy on imaging. In this study, we aim to describe the features of breast adenosis lesions with suspicious or borderline findings on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). METHODS: In our database, we identified 49 pathologically proven breast adenosis lesions for which the final assessment of the breast MRI report was classified as either category 4 (n=45) or category 5 (n=4), according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) published by the American College of Radiology (ACR). The lesions had a final diagnosis of either pure adenosis (n=33, 67.3%) or mixed adenosis associated with other benign pathologies (n=16, 32.7%). RESULTS: Of the 49 adenosis lesions detected on DCE-MRI, 32 (65.3%) appeared as enhancing masses, 16 (32.7%) as nonmass enhancements, and one (2.1%) as a tiny enhancing focus. Analysis of the enhancing masses based on the ACR BI-RADS lexicon revealed that among the mass descriptors, the most common features were irregular shape in 12 (37.5%), noncircumscribed margin in 20 (62.5%), heterogeneous internal pattern in 16 (50.0%), rapid initial enhancement in 32 (100.0%), and wash-out delayed en-hancement pattern in 21 (65.6%). Of the 16 nonmass enhancing lesions, the most common descriptors included focal distribution in seven (43.8%), segmental distribution in six (37.5%), clumped internal pattern in nine (56.3%), rapid initial enhancement in 16 (100.0%), and wash-out delayed enhancement pattern in eight (50.0%). CONCLUSION: Adenosis lesions of the breast may appear suspicious on breast MRI. Awareness of these suspi-cious-appearing features would be helpful in obviating unnecessary breast biopsies.
Biopsy ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Fibrocystic Breast Disease ; Information Systems ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Pathology ; Subject Headings

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

Transglutaminase enzymes (TGases) catalyze the calcium dependent formation of an isopeptide bond between protein-bound glutamine and lysine substrates. Previously we have shown that activated TGase 3 acquires two additional calcium ions at site two and three. The calcium ion at site three results in the opening of a channel. At this site, the channel opening and closing could modulate, depending on which metal is bound. Here we propose that the front of the channel could be used by the two substrates for enzyme reaction. We propose that the glutamine substrate is directed from Trp236 into the enzyme, shown by molecular docking. Then a lysine substrate approaches the opened active site to engage Trp327, leading to formation of the isopeptide bond. Further, direct comparisons of the structures of TGase 3 with other TGases have allowed us to identify several residues that might potentially be involved in generic and specific recognition of the glutamine and lysine substrates.
Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Glutamine/metabolism ; Human ; Lysine/metabolism ; Models, Chemical ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Transglutaminases/*metabolism

OBJECTIVES: It is difficult to achieve adhesion between resin cement and zirconia ceramics using routine surface preparation methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CO2 and Er:YAG laser treatment on the bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in-vitro study 45 zirconia disks (6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were assigned to 3 groups (n = 15). In control group (CNT) no laser treatment was used. In groups COL and EYL, CO2 and Er:YAG lasers were used for pretreatment of zirconia surface, respectively. Composite resin disks were cemented on zirconia disk using dual-curing resin cement. Shear bond strength tests were performed at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min after 24 hr distilled water storage. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's HSD tests. RESULTS: The means and standard deviations of shear bond strength values in the EYL, COL and CNT groups were 8.65 +/- 1.75, 12.12 +/- 3.02, and 5.97 +/- 1.14 MPa, respectively. Data showed that application of CO2 and Er:YAG lasers resulted in a significant higher shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramics (p < 0.0001). The highest bond strength was recorded in the COL group (p < 0.0001). In the CNT group all the failures were adhesive. However, in the laser groups, 80% of the failures were of the adhesive type. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment of zirconia ceramic via CO2 and Er:YAG laser improves the bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramic, with higher bond strength values in the CO2 laser treated samples.
Adhesives ; Ceramics* ; Lasers, Gas ; Resin Cements* ; Water

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explain the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) gap between the poorest and the wealthiest quintiles in the capitals of Kermanshah and Kurdistan Provinces (Kermanshah and Sanandaj), in western Iran. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 1772 adults. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status (SES), lifestyle factors, body mass index, and HRQoL of participants were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The slope and relative indices of inequality (SII and RII, respectively) were employed to examine socioeconomic inequality in poor HRQoL. Blinder-Oaxaca (BO) decomposition was used to quantify the contribution of explanatory variables to the gap in the prevalence of poor HRQoL between the wealthiest and the poorest groups. RESULTS: The overall crude and age-adjusted prevalence of poor HRQoL among adults was 32.0 and 41.8%, respectively. The SII and RII indicated that poor HRQoL was mainly concentrated among individuals with lower SES. The absolute difference (%) in the prevalence of poor HRQoL between the highest and lowest SES groups was 28.4. The BO results indicated that 49.9% of the difference was explained by different distributions of age, smoking behavior, physical inactivity, chronic health conditions, and obesity between the highest and lowest SES groups, while the remaining half of the gap was explained by the response effect. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a pro-rich distribution of poor HRQoL among adults in the capitals of Kermanshah and Kurdistan Provinces. Policies and strategies aimed at preventing and reducing smoking, physical inactivity, chronic health conditions, and obesity among the poor may reduce the gap in poor HRQoL between the highest and lowest SES groups in Iran.
Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Health Status Disparities ; Humans ; Iran* ; Life Style ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Class ; Socioeconomic Factors*

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare morbidities and duration of surgery, as well as bone formation in alveolar defects reconstructed with symphysis bone combined with allograft and iliac crest bone graft in patients with cleft palate. Patients and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed with 22 patients with unilateral alveolar cleft with a follow-up period of 12 months. In 12 patients, alveolar defects were reconstructed with chin bone graft plus allograft (Group A), while for the other 10 patients, iliac bone crest was used as donor site (Group B). Duration of surgery as well as occurrence of morbidities and complications were recorded. In addition, conebeam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans were performed before surgery and 12 months after surgical procedures in order to compare bone formation between the two groups. Results: Postoperative CBCT demonstrated a mean bone fill percentage of 76.9% of the alveolar defect in Group A, compared with 77.0% in Group B. Paresthesia in the lower lip or chin did not occur in any patients of Group A. The mean duration of the surgical process was significantly shorter for Group A (40 minutes vs 76 minutes, P<0.001). In addition, patients in Group A regained normal gait faster than patients in Group B (1 day vs 9.5 days). Conclusion Mandibular symphysis bone graft in combination with allograft results in favorable outcomes in patients with unilateral alveolar clefts.

Background: Nicotine can have detrimental effects on dental implant osseointegration. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of systemic L-arginine supplement on the osseointegration of dental implants in nicotine consumer dogs. Methods: Twelve 1-year Labrador Retriever dogs had their right and left third and fourth mandibular premolars removed, and the sockets were left to heal for 6 months. Dogs were randomly divided into three groups (n = 16): group 1—0.2 mg/kg nicotine was injected twice daily; group 2—0.2 mg/kg nicotine was injected twice daily in addition to 200 mg/kg L-arginine capsules taken orally; and group 3—placebo. Forty-eight dental implants were inserted into the healed sockets of the dog’s mandible and were assessed by implant stability quotient (ISQ) using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) during 4 weeks and insertion and removal torque value analysis. Results: No implant failure occurred during the study period. The change in torque value between insertion and removal was similar in the placebo and nicotine+arginine consumer dogs (p = 0.276), which shows a positive effect of arginine supplementation in nicotine consumers. There was a significant difference in torque value change between nicotine+arginine vs. nicotine consumers (p = 0.049) and placebo vs. nicotine (p = 0.003). After 4 weeks, the placebo had the most significant improvement in torque value (47.0 ± 16.9), followed by nicotine+arginine (25.1 ± 37.8), and the worst torque value was for the nicotine group (− 5.7 ± 24.0) pound per inch. The results show that except in the first week, there are significant differences in ISQ between the groups in different periods. ISQ in all of the groups has reduced at first but then increased over time. At the time of implant placement, insertion torque was significantly higher in the nicotine consumer group than the nicotine+arginine consumer group and placebo group (p = 0.020). Conclusion Arginine supplementation promotes bone healing and implant primary stability by improving dental implant osseointegration biomechanical characteristics.

OBJECTIVES: The worldwide incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased in recent decades. In this study, we investigated the socioeconomic inequalities associated with MetS and its components in a sample of the Iranian Kurdish population. METHODS: We used data from 3,996 participants, aged 35 years to 70 years, from the baseline phase of the Dehgolan Prospective Cohort Study (February 2018 to March 2019). The concentration index and concentration curve were used to measure inequality and the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method was used to examine the contribution of various determinants to the observed socioeconomic inequality in MetS and its components. RESULTS: The prevalence of MetS was 34.44% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.97 to 35.93). The prevalence of MetS was 26.18% for those in the highest socioeconomic status (SES), compared with 40.51% for participants in the lowest SES. There was a significant negative concentration index for MetS (C=-0.13; 95% CI, -0.16 to -0.09), indicating a concentration of MetS among participants with a lower SES. The most prevalent component was abdominal obesity (59.14%) with a significant negative concentration index (C=-0.21; 95% CI, -0.25 to -0.18). According to decomposition analysis, age, gender, and education were the highest contributing factors to inequality in MetS and its components. CONCLUSIONS This study showed socioeconomic inequality in MetS. People with a low SES were more likely to have MetS. Therefore, policymakers and health managers need to develop appropriate strategies to reduce these inequalities in MetS across age groups, genders, and education levels, especially among women and the elderly.