Objective To analyze the prevalence and diversity of genotype resistant mutations in 123 HIV/AIDS patients experiencing failure of high antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Yunnan province.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 151 HIV/AIDS patients experiencing failure of antiretroviral therapy form January 2011 to January 2012 in Yunnan province.The HIV-1 pol gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),the sequences were then submitted to the Stanford University HIV drug resistance database to analyze the prevalence of resistant mutations.The resistant mutations were statistically analyzed by gender,ethnic groups,transmission route and subtype,respectively.The chi-square or fisher's exact test was used for statistical test.Results Of the 151 cases,123 plasma samples were amplified successfully for protease PR (codon 1-99) and reverse transcriptase RT (codon 1-272) fragments.The most common mutation was M184 (72.4％),followed by the mutation at position K103 (47.2％),T215 (26.0％),D67 (15.4％),G190 (34.1％),Y181 (29.3％),K101 (17.1％).The frequency of mutations at position V75,A62 and M230 was higher in male population than that in female population (x2 =7.001,6.975,5.446,P ＜ 0.05).The frequency of variants at position Tl215,K70 and T69 was higher in the Han population than in the other ethnic population(x2 =5.290,4.060,3.860,P＜ 0.05).It was interesting that the variant M41L was rare in the other ethnic groups.The significant difference existed at various transmission routes.Frequencies of variants at position T215 and T69 were significantly higher among people infected HIV-I through sexual contact than the intravenous drug users (x2 =10.431,7.952,P ＜ 0.05).Frequencies of variants at position G190 were significantly higher among the intravenous drug users than the population infected HIV-1 through sexual contact(x2 =6.669,P ＜ 0.05),but the variant M230L never occurred in intravenous drug users.The RT mutations V75,T69,M230 were more frequently occurred in patients infected with CRF01_AE than in patients with subtype B (P＜ 0.05).The mutation L74 was never seen in patients infected with CRFOI_AE (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The HIV/AIDS patients with failure of high antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were attributed to HIV-1 genotype resistance mutations.The mutation sites among the HAART failure patients from the regions of Dehong,Gejiu,Wenshan and Yuxi were significant difference accordance among the gender,ethnicith,transmission route and subtype,respectively.

Objective To investigate the cardiac affects of esophageal dilatation and stent implantation and its possible pathogenic mechanism. Methods One hundred patients who underwent esophageal dilation or stent implantation had investigeted with Hotter tape recorder, vectorcardiogram, oxygen saturation and cardiac enzymes checked at the time prior to. during and after the procedure respectively. Results During the procedure, incidence of frequent ventricular premature beats was 66%, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia 9 cases; frequent atrial premature heats 73 cases, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 21 eases, myocardial ischaemia 17 cases and hypoxia 69 eases with significant differences comparing with those prior to the procedure(9 cases; 0 case; 7 cases; 0 case; 0 case and 9 eases respectively) but all above changes as well as cardiac enzymes recorded 24 hours after the procedure had no statistical significance comparing with those prior to the procedure. Conclusion There is a high incidence of cardiac arrhythmia and myocardial ischaemia at the time of dilatation and stent implantation. However, most of these changes can subside without intervention 24 hours after the procedure. Pathogenic mechanisms involved may be related to hypoxia duo to the pain provoked by the procedure suggesting close observation is needed during the operation.

Objective To evaluate the role of antidepressants in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods 90 cases of FD with anxious depressive manifestations were randomizely allocated into antidyspepsia group, antidepressant group and antidyspepsia and antidepressants combination group. All patients were treated for 8 weeks. Results FD scores(upper abdominal distention, satiety, abdominal pain, belching) with Zung depression scale and HAMD scale decreased after treatment in all three groups. Symptoms in combination group improved with a total efficacy rate of 86.7%, and HAMD efficacy rate 86.7%. Both were much higher than those in antidyspepsia group(36.7% and 10.0%, respectively, P

Objective To investigate the prevalence and the distribution in population of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer among rural women in Qianjiang district of Chongqing city .Methods From April 2010 to April 2012 ,25 128 married rural women in Qianjiang district were performed screening and detection .The individuals with the positive results were performed the colposcopy and cervical biopsy .Results 112 cases were found with the positive results of the pathological examina-tion ,including 58 cases of CINⅠ ,26 cases of CINⅡ ,19 cases of CINⅢ and carcinoma in situ and 9 cases of invasive carcinoma .The incidence rate of CIN and cervical cancer in Tujia nationality women was significantly higher than that in Han nationality women and Miao nationality women .Conclusion The cervical cancer screening is an important way to find early pathological lesions of cer-vical cancer and prevent cervical cancer ,and is the necessary measure to reduce the incidence rate of cervical cancer in rural women .

Aims The purpose of this study is to investigate thediagnostic value of SWEfor fibrosis in patients with CHBand the factorsinfluencing the accuracy. Methods From July 2013 to October 2015, 261 patients with CHB were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.All patients received SWE, anthropometry measurement, blood cell count, liver function test and virological indicators measurement. Liver fibrosis was staged from F0 to F4 by METAVIR scorebased onliver biopsy results of 133 CHB patients , while 128 patients were diagnosed as decompensated cirrhosis. Diagnostic accuracyof SWE were evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) using liver hepatic pathology and decompensated cirrhosis as gold standards. Logistic model was used to find out confounding factors that influence the accuracy of SWE. Results The Area Under ROC (AUC) for liver stiffness measurement with SWE were 0.891, 0.932 and 0.910 for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis (≥ F2), advanced fibrosis (≥F3) and cirrhosis (F4), respectively. A multifactor logistic regression combined modelwas built and showed that hepatic steatosis will decrease the accuracy of SWE. Conclusion SWE could be a valuable method for the noninvasive liver fibrosis assessment. The accuracy of SWE may be influenced by hepatic steatosis.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of endovascular technique in treatment of acute arterial hemorrhage of abdominal organs.Methods Totally 159 cases (145 patients) acute arterial hemorrhage of abdominal organs were enrolled.All patients underwent emergency transarterial angiography.Endovascular treatment by spring coil,gelatin sponge,or covered stent were in 40 cases.The success rate of immediate and long-term hemostasis was judged by the postoperative radiography,symptoms and the changes of vital signs and laboratory results.Results The positive signs in angiography were observed in 47 among the total 159 cases (47/159,29.56％).Seventy-seven postoperative hemorrhage cases underwent angiography and 29 cases (29/77,37.66 ％) were positive,82 non-operative hemorrhage cases underwent angiography and 18 cases (18/82,21.95％) were positive.The difference was statistical significant (P＜0.05).Endovascular treat ment were performed in 40 cases (33 by spring coils,4 by gelatin sponge and 3 by covered stent).Hemorrhages were con trolled immediately in all the 40 cases after embolization and the success rate were 100％.Conclusion Endovascular tech nique is minimal invasive,and it is an effective method for treatment of acute arterial hemorrhage in abdominal organs.

Objective To study the clinical value of esophageal stent placement with radiation therapy for the middle-late pa-tients with esophageal cancer.Methods To perform esophageal stent placement and radiation therapy for the middle-late 35 pa-tients,and to perform radiation therapy for the middle-late 37 patients,then observe the clinical curative effects.Results The treat-ment group were significantly alleviated with dysphagia symptom after operation,which 32 cases sticked the entire radiation,ac-counting for 91.4%,no one can′t complete the treatment because of nutritional status reason.Survival time of one month after ra-diotherapy was up to 100.0%,and survival time of six months was 85.7% (30/35).But the contrast group with dysphagia symp-tom were aggravated or no relief,and needed parenteral nutrition.There were 23 cases to complete the entire radiation,accounting for 62.2%,and 5 cases happened esophageal tracheal fistula.Survival time of one month after radiotherapy was 83.8%(31/37),and survival time of six months was 62.2% (23/37).Two groups of cases in radiotherapy resistance difference was statistically signifi-cant,one month and six months of survival time were statistically significant (all P <0.05 ).Conclusion Esophageal stent place-ment with radiotherapy is more efficient than only radiation therapy to the middle-late patients with esophageal cancer.

The web-based PBL teaching plan in pediatrics embodies the network learning environment and learning requirements.The basic design unit is a complete real case with certain width and depth,which can stimulate the students' interests of participation and guide students into a predetermined learning area to achieve desired learning objectives.The article dwelled on the compilation and implementation of the teaching plan of children bronchopneumonia.The first part:teachers showed the case in PBL site and proposed the questions.Students made the Powerpoint after studying and discussing in groups by PBL teaching website,QQ group,SMS platform,etc.The second part:students reported and discussed in groups; the teacher provided the new information and put forward the following-up problems; students consulted the documents and materials through the network again; finally teachers made comments on the results.During the teaching,network should be fully utilized and the questions should be proposed progressively at different levels.Teacher should play a guiding role and emphasize the students' autonomous learning.

Objective To evaluate arch replacement in islet fashion combined with intraluminal-including technique.Methods From Aug.2011 to Mar.2012,19 patients with type A aortic dissection needed arch replacement were selected,whose cephalo-brachial artery and left common carotid artery were intact or left subclavicular artery alone was involved,Sixteen patients were male.Mean age was (49.6 ± 5.7) years.Urgent surgery and red surgery were completed in 13 cases,6 cases and 1 case,respectively.The arch replacement was performed in a modified islet fashion,remaining the adventitia and trimming intima,constituting a common opening with the proximate end of stented elephant trunk in side-to-side manner by using intraluminal anastomosis technique.This common opening was anastomosed with the distal end of the ascending aortic Dacron graft,completed the procedure of arch replacement.If left subclavicular artery was involved by dissection or it was displaced pathologically as to expose difficultly,it should be covered by the stented elephant trunk,and be transplanted to left common carotid artery in end-to-side manner.Finally,the entire Dacron graft was wrapped by remained adventitial coat using including technique,with a shunt connecting to right atrium.Results Mean duration of cardiac pulmonary bypass,aortic cross clamp and selective cerebral perfusion was (215 ±54),(93 ± 18) and (30 ±6) minutes,respectively.In one case with delayed sternum closure due to extensive bleeding,the mean chest tube output in first 24 hours was (926 ±322) mL,the mean duration of postoperative ICU was (78 ±21) hours; none of the patients was reopened for bleeding.Postoperative hypoxemia,transient neurologic dysfunction,and hematosepsis occurred in 3 cases,1 case and 1 case,respectively.One patient needed re-intubation attributing to pulmonary infection.There was no complication of permanent neurologic deficit or postoperative visceral mal-perfusion.All patients survived and were discharged from hospital.Severe complication was not observed at follow-up of 1 to 5 months.Conclusions The modified aortic arch replacement procedure,which adopt islet fashion combined with intraluminal inclusion technique,characterized by its feasibility,safety,reproduction and easy to control bleeding,may be considered as an alternative approach for managing arch disease.Its short-term outcomes were competitive and prospective was promising.

Objective To investigate the variations in the pol region of HIV-1 strain in treatment failed patients in Yunnan province's Dehong prefecture and Kunming. Methods Blood samples were collected from 139 patients who experienced treatment failure ( HAART treatment ＞ 1 years and HIV-1 RNA Viral load ＞ 1 000 copies/ml). HIV-1 RNA was extracted from plasma, and nested-PCR was performed for amplification of PR and RT genes on the HIV-1 pol region. The PCR products were then sequenced and submitted to Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database for comparison. The evolution tree was built up with MEGA 4. 1 system, combined with patients' demographics. Results The most prevalent mutation in Kunming patients were T215F/N/Y/I, M41L/M, and T69G/N/I/S/A/D, the mutation rates were 39%(24/62), 27% (17/62) and 27% (17/62) , respectively, which were higher than the corresponding mutations in the Dehong prefecture [16% ( 11/69), 13% (9/69) and 9% (6/69)]. The rate differences were statistically significant ( x2 = 8.646, 4.242 and 7. 909, all P ＜ 0.05 ). The most common HIV-1 pol region subtype in the Dehong patients were CRF01_AE subtype (32%, 22/69), followed by C subtype (25% ,17/69), and B subtype ( 19%, 13/69). Major subtypes in Kunming patients were 08_BC (60%,37/62 ), CRF01_AE subtype(21% , 13/62 ) and 07_BC ( 15% ,9/62). Conclusions Partial differences of the point mutations of the HIV-1 strain pol region and frequency of their occurrences exist among Dehong and Kunming patients, HIV-1 strains in Dehong prefecture for the NNRTIs mutations at the T215 Y/N/T, M41L and T69G/N/I/S/A/D are significantly higher than those in Kunming. Six isoforms are found respectively:CRF01_AE, B, C, BC, 08_BC and 07_BC from the epidemic strains of HIV-1 pol region subtype in Dehong and Kunming areas.