OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at computer simulation of reconstruction of vehicle-bicyclist traffic accidents and investigation of the injury characteristics. METHODS: To use the model established by high performance computer and PC-Crash software to study the bicyclists and vehicles and to reconstruct the accident. RESULTS: The model of computer simulation response perfectly reconstructed phases of the traffic collision and explained the mechanisms of the injuries of the bicyclists, which correlated with details found in forensic investigation. CONCLUSION Computer simulation is feasible for forensic analysis on the injury mechanism of bicyclists in traffic related accidents.
Accidents, Traffic ; Bicycling/injuries* ; Computer Simulation ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Software ; Wounds and Injuries/pathology*

Infraglenoid tubercle avulsion fractures are extremely rare injuries. We report a 38-year-old male with glenoid cavity fracture and infraglenoid tubercle avulsion of the left shoulder following a fall from bike. He refused surgery and was treated nonoperatively. Follow-up radiography and CT at 18 months revealed a malunited infraglenoid tubercle with signs of early glenohumeral osteoarthritis. He did not have shoulder instability or pain and had a fair-good functional outcome. There are no previously published data on the anatomic outcome of nonoperatively treated displaced infraglenoid tubercle avulsion fractures based on CT.
Adult ; Bicycling ; injuries ; Humans ; Male ; Scapula ; injuries ; Shoulder Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The aim of this study is to review the protective effect of a bicycle helmet on each facial location systematically. PubMed was searched for articles published before December 12, 2014. The data were summarized, and the odds ratio (OR) between the locations of facial injury was calculated. A statistical analysis was performed with Review Manager (The Nordic Cochrane Centre). Bicycle helmets protect the upper and middle face from serious facial injury but do not protect the lower face. Non-wearers had significantly increased risks of upper facial injury (OR, 2.07; P<0.001) and of middle facial injury (OR, 1.97; P<0.001) as compared to helmet users. In the case of lower facial injury, however, only a slightly increased risk (OR, 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67-3.00, P=0.36) was observed. The abovementioned results can be attributed to the fact that a helmet covers the head and forehead but cannot cover the lower face. However, helmets having a chin cap might decrease the risk of lower facial injury.
Bicycling ; Chin ; Facial Injuries* ; Forehead ; Head ; Head Protective Devices* ; Odds Ratio

There is an increasing interest in the epidemiology of children's fractures particullary to the patterns of children's fractures but there is a few available articles about them. We reviewed 398 children under the 15 years of age who were affected by fractures during 4 years and analysed the patterns of children's fractures concerning with the sex, age, seasons of a year, etiology, fracture sites and the types of fractures. The results were as follows : 1. Boys were affected about 2.5 times than girls. Fractures were predominant in between 5 and 9 years of age group. 2. The three highest monthly incidences of the fractures were showed in July, September and October. 3. The major causes of fractures were fall from a height or slipdown, pedestrian traffic accidents and sports injury in decreasing orders. 4. The traffic accidents were occured frequently in children of five to seven year old, and it is occured predominantly in June, July and August(37.8%). 5. The frequent sites of children's fractures were humerus(33.5%), tibia(21.0%), forearm (17.3%) and femur(13.6%). 6. The sports injuries were affected evenly in all age groups except below 3 years old children and the frequent causes were bicycling, exercising on the horizontal bar, Korean wrestling and during football game in decreasing orders.
Accidents, Traffic ; Athletic Injuries ; Bicycling ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Football ; Forearm ; Humans ; Incidence ; Seasons ; Wrestling

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics and biomechanical mechanism of riding injuries involving bicycles collided by motor vehicles. METHODS: The real traffic accident cases of bicycles collided by motor vehicles, including the information of scenes, bicycles, motor vehicles, rider wounds and traffic directions, were collected. Retrospective method was used to study these riding injuries. In addition, typical cases were selected to simulate traffic accident courses with computer simulation software, and the dynamic data like acceleration, force, moment were cxtracted to compare with those in the real cases. RESULTS: There were no difference of occurring frequency between cases with or without riding injuries, as well as between one-side-collision and front- or back-collision. The riding injuries seemed less in accidents involving large-scale vehicles. The frequency of riding injuries increased with vehicle speed. The wound location was low on collision side and high on opposite. CONCLUSION Analysis of riding injury characteristic in traffic accidents and their biomechanical mechanism would be helpful for estimation of traffic manner.
Accidents, Traffic ; Area Under Curve ; Bicycling/injuries* ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Leg Injuries/pathology* ; Models, Theoretical ; Motor Vehicles ; Perineum/injuries* ; Retrospective Studies ; Wounds and Injuries/pathology*

INTRODUCTION: Personal mobility devices (PMDs), such as electronic scooters or motorised bicycles, are efficient modes of transportation. Their recent popularity has also resulted in an increase in PMD-related injuries. We aimed to characterise and compare the nature of injuries sustained by PMD users and bicycle riders. METHODS: This retrospective study compared injury patterns among PMD and bicycle users. 140 patients were admitted between November 2013 and September 2018. Parameters studied included patients' demographics (e.g. age, gender and body mass index), type of PMD, nature of injury, surgical intervention required, duration of hospitalisation and time off work. RESULTS: Of 140 patients, 46 (32.9%) patients required treatment at the department of orthopaedic surgery. 19 patients were PMD users while 27 were bicycle riders. 16 (84.2%) patients with PMD-related injuries were men. PMD users were significantly younger (mean age 45 ± 15 years) when compared to bicycle riders (mean age 56 ± 17 years; P <0.05). A quarter (n = 5, 26.3%) of PMD users sustained open fractures and over half (n = 10, 52.6%) required surgical intervention. Among 27 bicycle users, 7.4% (n = 2) of patients sustained open fractures and 70.4% (n = 19) required surgical intervention. Both groups had comparable inpatient stay duration and time off work. CONCLUSION PMD-related orthopaedic traumas are high-energy injuries, with higher rates of open fractures, when compared to bicycle injuries. In addition, PMD users are significantly younger and of economically viable age. Prolonged hospitalisation and time off work have socioeconomic implications. Caution should be exercised when using PMDs.
Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Female ; Bicycling/injuries* ; Retrospective Studies ; Fractures, Open ; Orthopedics ; Hospitalization ; Accidents, Traffic

Traumatic interposition of a rotator cuff tendon in the glenohumeral joint without recognizable glenohumeral dislocation is an unusual complication after shoulder trauma. Here we report the clinical and imaging presentations of a 17-year-old man with trapped rotator cuff tendons in the glenohumeral joint after a bicycle accident. The possible trauma mechanism is also discussed.
Adolescent ; Bicycling/*injuries ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Range of Motion, Articular/physiology ; Rotator Cuff/*injuries ; Shoulder Dislocation/*diagnosis/etiology/rehabilitation

INTRODUCTIONRoad traffic accidents (RTAs) in Singapore involving children were evaluated, with particular focus on the epidemiology, surrounding circumstances and outcomes of these accidents. Key factors associated with worse prognosis were identified. We proposed some measures that may be implemented to reduce the frequency and severity of such accidents.

METHODSThis was a retrospective study of RTAs involving children aged 0-16 years who presented to the Children's Emergency at KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, from January 2011 to June 2014. Data was obtained from the National Trauma Registry and analysed in tiers based on the Injury Severity Score (ISS).

RESULTSA total of 1,243 accidents were reviewed. RTA victims included motor vehicle passengers (60.4%), pedestrians (28.5%), cyclists (9.9%) and motorcycle pillion riders (1.2%). The disposition of emergency department (ED) patients was consistent with RTA severity. For serious RTAs, pedestrians accounted for 63.6% and 57.7% of Tier 1 (ISS > 15) and Tier 2 (ISS 9-15) presentations, respectively. Overall use of restraints was worryingly low (36.7%). Not restraining increased the risk of serious RTAs by 8.4 times. Young age, high ISS and low Glasgow Coma Scale score predicted a longer duration of intensive care unit stay.

CONCLUSIONThe importance of restraints for motor vehicle passengers or helmets for motorcycle pillion riders and cyclists in reducing morbidity requires emphasis. Suggestions for future prevention and intervention include road safety education, regulation of protective restraints, use of speed enforcement devices and creation of transport policies that minimise kerbside parking.

Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Automobiles ; Bicycling ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Head Protective Devices ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Motorcycles ; Pedestrians ; Prognosis ; Registries ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology

Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Bicycling ; injuries ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Prevalence ; Radiography ; methods ; Registries ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Sex Distribution ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Trauma Centers ; Treatment Outcome ; Wounds and Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; therapy